芒果视频

基本介紹

湖南綏寧花園閣國家濕地公園地處"三湘林業第一縣"的綏寧，有"神奇生態綠洲"之稱，屬湖南省重點生態功能區。濕(shi)地公園主(zhu)要以流經綏寧(ning)縣關(guan)峽苗族鄉(xiang)(xiang)至長鋪苗族鄉(xiang)(xiang)溶巖苗寨的巫水(shui)為(wei)主(zhu)體，包(bao)括石脈河、蘭溪等支流河段和沿岸部(bu)分林地。地理坐標(biao)為(wei)：東經110°12′1″～110°17′15″，北緯26°29′51″～26°35′31″。規劃總面積780.1公頃(qing)。

濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園集永久性河流、庫塘濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、洪泛平原濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、水產(chan)養殖(zhi)場等多個濕(shi)(shi)地(di)型，形態自然(ran)婉(wan)轉，是沅江水系(xi)上重(zhong)要的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態廊道，是我國候鳥遷徙路(lu)線中的(de)重(zhong)要節點，其(qi)表現(xian)出來的(de)自然(ran)水生(sheng)(sheng)態過程、優良的(de)水質、豐富的(de)水量(liang)和多樣(yang)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)境(jing)以及沿岸完善的(de)森林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統在(zai)我國南方(fang)低山丘陵地(di)區亦不多見。同(tong)時受(shou)地(di)質構(gou)造與(yu)巖(yan)性的(de)影響，溝谷深切、變化多姿，形成高峽-平湖-河谷為(wei)一體的(de)獨特的(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)景觀，營造并組合而成具(ju)有不同(tong)景觀風貌及豐富多樣(yang)的(de)復合生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統。

濕地(di)(di)公園內濕地(di)(di)面(mian)積為513.8公頃(qing)，占(zhan)土地(di)(di)總面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)65.87%，廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕地(di)(di)面(mian)積和(he)復合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態系統，孕(yun)育了(le)濕地(di)(di)公園豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性(xing)(xing)；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)維管(guan)束野生(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)158科，324屬，804種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18.61%，其中(zhong)(zhong)蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)35種(zhong)(zhong)；裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)7種(zhong)(zhong)；被子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)762種(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二級重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)野大豆Glycinesoja、金(jin)蕎(qiao)麥Fagopyrumdibotrys、中(zhong)(zhong)華結縷(lv)草Zoysiasinica等6種(zhong)(zhong)；同時還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)絞(jiao)股藍Fiveleaf Gynostemma Herb、七葉(xie)一枝(zhi)花Paris polyphylla Sm、虎耳(er)草Saxifraga stolonifera Curt等稀有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)5綱26目67科196種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)22.82％；其中(zhong)(zhong)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)46種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)魚(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)25.27%；兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)17.74%；爬行類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)23種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)爬行類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)25.84%；鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)103種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)23.57%；哺乳類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)13種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)已(yi)知(zhi)哺乳類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)14.61%；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)列為國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)二級重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)虎紋蛙Rana tigrina、紅隼Falco tinnunculus 、草鸮Tyto capensis 等11種(zhong)(zhong)，被IUCN評級收錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共20種(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)日候鳥(niao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)32種(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)澳候鳥(niao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)10種(zhong)(zhong)；湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)99種(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)世界貿(mao)易(yi)公約收錄物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)17種(zhong)(zhong)；有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)林業(ye)局相(xiang)關文件(jian)規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)或者有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)要經濟、科學研究價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)117種(zhong)(zhong)。彰(zhang)顯了(le)濕地(di)(di)公園內生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豐(feng)富性(xing)(xing)、多樣性(xing)(xing)和(he)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍稀保(bao)(bao)護(hu)價(jia)值，在(zai)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)內具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典(dian)型性(xing)(xing)與代表性(xing)(xing)。

巫水作(zuo)為(wei)綏(sui)寧縣的(de)母親河、是(shi)苗(miao)家圣河，民(min)族文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)風情濃(nong)郁，形成了以庫(ku)塘(tang)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、自然河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景(jing)觀(guan)為(wei)主體(ti)，森林景(jing)觀(guan)為(wei)補充，聚落(luo)和古建(jian)筑為(wei)點綴，以非(fei)物質文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)遺產"四(si)八(ba)"姑娘節、"逗春牛"等民(min)俗文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)為(wei)特色的(de)景(jing)觀(guan)風貌，彰顯了巫水作(zuo)為(wei)苗(miao)家圣河的(de)人文(wen)(wen)(wen)元(yuan)素和民(min)族符號(hao)，體(ti)現了濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園深厚(hou)的(de)歷史文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)價(jia)值，賦予了濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園深厚(hou)的(de)歷史文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)底蘊，拓展(zhan)了濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生態旅游(you)的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)內涵(han)。

濕地(di)公園秉承"保(bao)護優(you)先、科學(xue)恢(hui)復、合理利用、持續(xu)發展(zhan)(zhan)"的(de)指(zhi)導(dao)思想，被區劃為保(bao)護保(bao)育區、恢(hui)復重建區、宣教(jiao)展(zhan)(zhan)示區、合理利用區和(he)管理服(fu)務區5個功能區。

保(bao)護(hu)保(bao)育區包括溶巖苗寨(zhai)至(zhi)小灣(wan)、李家(jia)團(tuan)經江口塘電站大壩至(zhi)梅口，以(yi)及(ji)石脈河、蘭溪和沿岸的(de)(de)部分(fen)林地。規(gui)劃(hua)面(mian)積為(wei)517.5公(gong)頃，占濕地公(gong)園總面(mian)積的(de)(de)66.34%。規(gui)劃(hua)對現有水體、動(dong)植物及(ji)其生(sheng)(sheng)境進行嚴(yan)格(ge)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，加強外源(yuan)污染(ran)防治，控(kong)制內源(yuan)污染(ran)，開展適度的(de)(de)水禽棲(qi)息(xi)地恢復和營建項目，建立結(jie)構(gou)完善(shan)、功能完備的(de)(de)濕地-森林復合生(sheng)(sheng)態系統，營造良好的(de)(de)水禽棲(qi)息(xi)地，打造水禽自然樂(le)園。

恢復(fu)重建(jian)(jian)區指田心(xin)苗(miao)寨區域的巫水(shui)河段，規劃(hua)面積73.3公頃。為維護區域生(sheng)態系統(tong)(tong)的穩定，保(bao)證人(ren)與(yu)自然的和諧發展，規劃(hua)通過濕(shi)(shi)地(di)生(sheng)態濾場的建(jian)(jian)設，解決(jue)沿岸村(cun)寨、農(nong)耕生(sheng)產等造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)的局部水(shui)質(zhi)富營養化問題；并在水(shui)域與(yu)農(nong)田之間合理營造(zao)(zao)水(shui)禽棲(qi)息(xi)地(di)，形成(cheng)水(shui)域-水(shui)禽棲(qi)息(xi)地(di)-農(nong)田-苗(miao)寨的結構(gou)布(bu)局，打(da)造(zao)(zao)優美的水(shui)岸植(zhi)被景觀、擴(kuo)大野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)棲(qi)息(xi)環境，豐富濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣性，并保(bao)證區域居(ju)民的正常生(sheng)產生(sheng)活(huo)，維護區域生(sheng)態系統(tong)(tong)的穩定。

宣(xuan)(xuan)教展(zhan)示區指以現有水岸公(gong)(gong)(gong)路為軸線(xian)的區域(yu)，規(gui)劃面積16.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃。規(gui)劃依托濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園沿岸道路系統進行濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)載體(ti)的建設，形成(cheng)良好的河流-森林-文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)復合系統，讓文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)在傳承(cheng)中促進河流的保護(hu)。主(zhu)要通過合理布設宣(xuan)(xuan)教館、宣(xuan)(xuan)教點(dian)、宣(xuan)(xuan)傳牌(pai)，將濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、民俗文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、人(ren)文(wen)山(shan)水景觀、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生態產(chan)業、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)生態服務功(gong)能等內容，通過室內、室外等多樣化(hua)(hua)(hua)的場景和設施(shi)營(ying)造濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)宣(xuan)(xuan)教展(zhan)示的空間，調節(jie)游客情感，使其成(cheng)為大(da)眾了解綏寧、認識(shi)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、欣賞濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園人(ren)文(wen)山(shan)水的窗口(kou)、濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)展(zhan)示的平臺(tai)和生態文(wen)明教育的基地(di)(di)(di)。

合(he)理(li)利(li)用區(qu)(qu)指(zhi)梅口(kou)至石(shi)脈河區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)，規劃面積170.2公(gong)頃。規劃合(he)理(li)利(li)用區(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)內現有的(de)(de)(de)濕地(di)產業、民俗文化等資源(yuan)，通過開展(zhan)生態養(yang)殖(zhi)、設置游憩休閑(xian)、水上娛樂(le)等項目，以及提(ti)(ti)升水岸植被景觀，建(jian)立比較完善的(de)(de)(de)基礎設施體(ti)系，構建(jian)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)濕地(di)資源(yuan)可持(chi)續(xu)利(li)用產業鏈，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)濕地(di)公(gong)園的(de)(de)(de)自養(yang)能(neng)力(li)，并帶動周邊(bian)社(she)區(qu)(qu)相(xiang)關產業的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，使社(she)區(qu)(qu)群眾受益并提(ti)(ti)高(gao)他們的(de)(de)(de)生活水平。

管(guan)理(li)服務區(qu)主要指濕(shi)地公園管(guan)理(li)局、濕(shi)地管(guan)理(li)站、游(you)客服務中心等。根據保(bao)護(hu)和管(guan)理(li)的需要，合理(li)布局，建立完(wan)善的保(bao)護(hu)、管(guan)理(li)及(ji)游(you)客服務體系，為游(you)客提供優質(zhi)高效的服務，實現良(liang)好的管(guan)理(li)、保(bao)護(hu)和服務功能(neng)。

通(tong)過"一(yi)軸"、"兩帶"、"一(yi)廊(lang)"、"兩區(qu)"、"多點(dian)"的(de)總體規劃布局建(jian)設，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園將被打造成(cheng)為"高峽-平湖-河(he)谷(gu)"為一(yi)體的(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統保護、恢復與合理利(li)用的(de)典范；沅江流域重要的(de)綠(lv)色生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)廊(lang)道；苗(miao)家文化(hua)的(de)保護、復興和傳承(cheng)的(de)文化(hua)河(he)流；"神奇生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)綠(lv)洲"上濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統健(jian)康、景觀資源豐(feng)富(fu)、自然(ran)環境優美、科普宣教設施完善、休閑娛(yu)樂條件優越、文化(hua)底蘊深厚的(de)國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園。