湖南平(ping)江黃(huang)金河國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園依托平(ping)江縣(xian)黃(huang)金洞鄉境(jing)內的黃(huang)金河、黃(huang)金洞水庫及(ji)周邊部分(fen)森林(lin)而建設。濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園距平(ping)江縣(xian)城(cheng)72公里,位于汨羅江源頭(tou),規劃總(zong)面積637.7公頃,地(di)(di)理坐標為北(bei)緯28°40′44″~28°36′19″,東(dong)經113°59′22″~114°05′20″。
這(zhe)里資源豐(feng)富,風(feng)光(guang)旖旎,讓人(ren)心馳(chi)神往。擬建(jian)的(de)(de)黃(huang)金河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積428.9公(gong)頃,占規劃總面(mian)積的(de)(de)67.25%。包括河流(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、人(ren)工(gong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)3大(da)(da)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)的(de)(de)永久性(xing)河流(liu)、森林(lin)(lin)沼澤、草本沼澤、庫塘(tang)、水(shui)(shui)產養殖(zhi)場(chang)和稻田6種(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)型(xing)。黃(huang)金河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)是汨(mi)羅江源頭(tou)三大(da)(da)支(zhi)流(liu)之一的(de)(de)黃(huang)金河修(xiu)筑攔(lan)水(shui)(shui)壩形成的(de)(de)復(fu)合型(xing)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di),它是30多(duo)(duo)萬(wan)畝茂密森林(lin)(lin)擁抱(bao),崇(chong)山峻(jun)嶺(ling)間的(de)(de)生(sheng)態明(ming)珠。在數十萬(wan)畝森林(lin)(lin)中有各種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)針(zhen)葉林(lin)(lin)、闊葉林(lin)(lin)、針(zhen)闊混(hun)交林(lin)(lin)、灌木林(lin)(lin),還零星分布著(zhu)數千畝次(ci)生(sheng)林(lin)(lin)。由(you)于攔(lan)水(shui)(shui)壩的(de)(de)作(zuo)用使濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)擴(kuo)大(da)(da),孕育出眾多(duo)(duo)類(lei)型(xing)的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)被(bei),為各種(zhong)珍(zhen)稀魚類(lei)、兩(liang)棲類(lei)、爬行類(lei)和鳥類(lei)動物(wu)繁衍生(sheng)息提供了極佳的(de)(de)場(chang)所。呈現出溝壑縱橫、水(shui)(shui)岸蜿蜒,山清水(shui)(shui)秀(xiu),碧水(shui)(shui)藍天,山水(shui)(shui)相映(ying),水(shui)(shui)鳥穿梭,生(sheng)機勃(bo)勃(bo)的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景觀。
這里是(shi)森林(lin)與(yu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)復合生態(tai)系統的(de)(de)(de)典型(xing)代(dai)表,生物(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性極(ji)為豐富(fu)。地(di)(di)處羅霄(xiao)山(shan)腹地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)黃金河(he)濕(shi)地(di)(di),氣候(hou)溫暖,雨水(shui)(shui)充(chong)沛,森林(lin)廣(guang)茂,孕育了(le)極(ji)為豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源。調查(cha)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)公園內有(you)(you)維管束植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)243種(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬于95科(ke)(ke),其中國家(jia)Ⅰ、Ⅱ級保護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)杉、香樟、厚樸和金蕎麥4種(zhong)(zhong),典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)21種(zhong)(zhong)。在水(shui)(shui)庫邊仍保留著幾株千年古樹,森林(lin)沼澤更(geng)是(shi)珍稀(xi)的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)類型(xing)。調查(cha)中發(fa)現(xian)(xian)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)(wu)189種(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬于5綱27目71科(ke)(ke)。其中,國家(jia)Ⅱ級重點(dian)保護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)虎(hu)紋蛙、赤腹鷹(ying)、雀鷹(ying)、松雀鷹(ying)、燕(yan)隼、紅隼、領角鸮、領鵂(xiu)鶹、斑頭鵂(xiu)鶹等(deng)9種(zhong)(zhong);《瀕危動植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)國際貿易公約》的(de)(de)(de)鳥類11種(zhong)(zhong),國家(jia)林(lin)業局規定的(de)(de)(de)"三有(you)(you)"保護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)110種(zhong)(zhong);湖(hu)南省保護(hu)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)90種(zhong)(zhong);中國特有(you)(you)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)達35種(zhong)(zhong)。
這里(li)歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化內涵深厚,彰顯了(le)(le)璀璨(can)的(de)(de)人(ren)文(wen)魅力。汨羅(luo)江是平江縣的(de)(de)母親河,她承(cheng)載了(le)(le)屈原(yuan)、杜(du)甫兩位世界歷(li)史(shi)文(wen)化明(ming)人(ren)的(de)(de)歸宿地;在平江這塊紅色熱土(tu)上,曾發生過"平江起(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)"、"平江慘(can)案"、"三月撲城"等重(zhong)大歷(li)史(shi)革命事件,走出了(le)(le)63位共和國(guo)將軍。黃(huang)金(jin)洞(dong)水庫(ku)原(yuan)為(wei)黃(huang)金(jin)洞(dong)鄉(xiang)府所(suo)在地,曾經(jing)爆發了(le)(le)黃(huang)金(jin)礦礦警(jing)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),策應了(le)(le)由毛澤東領導的(de)(de)湘贛(gan)邊界秋收起(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi);"平江起(qi)義(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)"后這里(li)成(cheng)為(wei)了(le)(le)湘鄂贛(gan)蘇(su)區(qu)的(de)(de)后方陣地,湘鄂贛(gan)蘇(su)維埃政府的(de)(de)工農銀(yin)行、兵工廠、被服廠、醫院、制藥廠、硝(xiao)鹽廠等轉移(yi)或成(cheng)立在這里(li);"平江慘(can)案"中,新四(si)軍司令(ling)部秘書曾金(jin)聲等6人(ren)被活(huo)埋(mai)在這里(li)的(de)(de)英(ying)烈嶺,3萬多(duo)愛國(guo)志士在多(duo)次反圍剿中,用鮮(xian)血(xue)將這里(li)的(de)(de)山水染(ran)紅。
這里生態(tai)(tai)區位(wei)重要(yao)(yao),是一片需要(yao)(yao)保(bao)護的(de)土地(di)。黃(huang)金河濕(shi)地(di)是汨羅(luo)江(jiang)源頭重要(yao)(yao)濕(shi)地(di),在涵(han)養水(shui)源、減緩徑流(liu)、儲水(shui)發電、蓄洪防(fang)旱、調節(jie)氣候,保(bao)護飲用水(shui)源和(he)生物多樣性等方面發揮(hui)著極其重要(yao)(yao)的(de)作用,黃(huang)金河濕(shi)地(di)是汨羅(luo)江(jiang)和(he)平江(jiang)縣生態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)組(zu)成(cheng),是保(bao)障汨羅(luo)江(jiang)和(he)平江(jiang)縣生態(tai)(tai)安全(quan)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)屏障。然而,由于(yu)缺(que)乏有(you)效保(bao)護措施,砍伐林木、捕(bu)殺候鳥現象(xiang)也時(shi)有(you)發生。
湖南(nan)平江黃(huang)金河國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)堅持(chi) "保(bao)護優先、科(ke)學恢復、合理(li)(li)利用(yong)、持(chi)續(xu)發(fa)展"的(de)基本原則,以(yi)(yi)保(bao)護濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)水禽棲息地(di)(di)(di)(di),豐(feng)富(fu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性,提高生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統服務(wu)功能(neng),改善平江縣生(sheng)(sheng)態質量為(wei)(wei)主要目的(de),將(jiang)黃(huang)金河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)為(wei)(wei)保(bao)護保(bao)育區(qu)(qu)、恢復重(zhong)建區(qu)(qu)、管(guan)理(li)(li)服務(wu)區(qu)(qu)、宣(xuan)教(jiao)(jiao)展示區(qu)(qu)、合理(li)(li)利用(yong)區(qu)(qu)五個功能(neng)區(qu)(qu),分別(bie)占規劃(hua)總面積的(de)88.31%、1.55%、0.60%、1.18%和8.36%。通過實施生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護,資源合理(li)(li)利用(yong)等九大工程。將(jiang)黃(huang)金河濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)建設成以(yi)(yi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統,生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣性保(bao)護為(wei)(wei)核心,以(yi)(yi)秀美的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)景觀,豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和璀璨的(de)紅色文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)內(nei)涵,集生(sheng)(sheng)態觀光、文(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)體(ti)驗(yan)、心靈凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)、科(ke)研(yan)宣(xuan)教(jiao)(jiao)于(yu)一體(ti)的(de)國家級濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)。
平江縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政(zheng)府高度重視黃金河國家(jia)濕(shi)地公園建設(she),將其列為(wei)全縣(xian)重點工程之(zhi)一。目前,已成立(li)了建設(she)領(ling)導小組和建設(she)指揮部,全縣(xian)人(ren)民對公園建設(she)翹首(shou)以盼。我(wo)們(men)有理(li)由相信,在國家(jia)林(lin)業(ye)局(ju)及地方政(zheng)府的(de)支持(chi)下,我(wo)們(men)有能(neng)力,也一定(ding)能(neng)夠(gou)保(bao)護(hu)好這(zhe)份大自然留給(gei)我(wo)們(men)的(de)寶貴財(cai)富,使其更加生(sheng)機盎然,瑰(gui)麗動人(ren)。