芒果视频

基本介紹

湖(hu)南衡(heng)山萱(xuan)洲(zhou)國家濕地公園（以下稱濕地公園），是(shi)指(zhi)經國家林(lin)業局批準，以保護萱(xuan)洲(zhou)濕地生態系統、合理利(li)用濕地資源為目的，可供開展(zhan)濕地保護、恢復、宣傳(chuan)、教育(yu)、科研、監測、生態旅游等(deng)活動的特定(ding)區(qu)域。

濕(shi)地(di)公園范(fan)圍(wei)包括湘(xiang)江(jiang)(jiang)大源渡(du)航(hang)電樞紐(niu)工程主庫(ku)區(qu)(qu)和洪泛淹沒區(qu)(qu)，入庫(ku)河流龍蔭港、黃泥港、大源江(jiang)(jiang)及其周(zhou)邊的洪泛平原區(qu)(qu)、部(bu)分水稻(dao)田和山(shan)地(di)。最北端(duan)至湘(xiang)江(jiang)(jiang)河道洣水入江(jiang)(jiang)口，最南端(duan)至湘(xiang)江(jiang)(jiang)大源渡(du)航(hang)電樞紐(niu)工程庫(ku)區(qu)(qu)衡(heng)山(shan)縣與衡(heng)陽市珠暉區(qu)(qu)交界處，地(di)理坐標介于東經112°41′36″～112°51′49″，北緯26°58′33″～27°11′20″之間，總面積2849.8公頃。

濕地(di)(di)生態系統屬于水域生態系統。其(qi)生物群落由水生和(he)陸生兩種(zhong)種(zhong)類組成，其(qi)物質循(xun)環、能(neng)量流動(dong)和(he)物種(zhong)遷移與(yu)演(yan)變活躍，具有較高的生態多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)、物種(zhong)多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)和(he)生物生產力。經過監測，衡(heng)山萱洲國家(jia)濕地(di)(di)公園(yuan)生物多(duo)樣(yang)性(xing)(xing)非常(chang)豐富。

（1）鳥類資源

目前，衡山萱洲國家(jia)濕地(di)公園(yuan)發(fa)現(xian)各種(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)85種(zhong)(zhong)。 濕地(di)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)占(zhan)(zhan)全國鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de) 6.39%,占(zhan)(zhan)湖(hu)南省的(de)(de)19.45%。2016年(nian)10月27日首次(ci)在湘江流域(yu)監測發(fa)現(xian)國家(jia)I級保護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)中華秋沙鴨(ya)(ya)；據調查，公園(yuan)內(nei)有白琵(pi)鷺(lu)、青腳鷸等(deng)國家(jia)II級保護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)有8種(zhong)(zhong)，中日候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)保護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)26種(zhong)(zhong)，中澳候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)保護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)，湖(hu)南省地(di)方重點保護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)46種(zhong)(zhong)。人們經常(chang)可(ke)以(yi)見到(dao)的(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)有、小(xiao)白鷺(lu)、大(da)白鷺(lu)、蒼鷺(lu)、牛背鷺(lu)、夜(ye)鷺(lu)、池鷺(lu)、小(xiao)鷿鷈、黑水雞(ji)、普通翠鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、斑(ban)魚狗(gou)、紅腳苦(ku)惡(e)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、八哥、絲光掠鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、斑(ban)嘴鴨(ya)(ya)、綠頭(tou)鴨(ya)(ya)等(deng)等(deng)。

（2）魚類資源

衡山萱洲國(guo)家(jia)濕地(di)公園(yuan)現已監測到魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)42種(zhong)(zhong),隸(li)屬于4目12科，魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)占全國(guo)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的1.28%,占湖(hu)南省魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的23.07%。其中，有(you)8種(zhong)(zhong)為中國(guo)所特有(you)，3種(zhong)(zhong)為湖(hu)南省地(di)方重(zhong)點保(bao)護物種(zhong)(zhong)。除了青、草(cao)、鰱、鳙四大家(jia)魚(yu)(yu)以外，常(chang)見(jian)的魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)鯉(li)魚(yu)(yu)、鯽(ji)魚(yu)(yu)、赤眼鱒(zun)、馬口魚(yu)(yu)、黃鱔、泥(ni)鰍等等。

（3）植物資源

萱洲濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園及周邊(bian)地(di)區植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類較多,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)豐富。區內(nei)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu) 828 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)9 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)819 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。屬于(yu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)258 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中,裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)257 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。除去栽培種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)共有(you)土著種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)750 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong); 其(qi)中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)241 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分別(bie)為(wei)我國濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)17.01%;為(wei)湖南省濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)52.76%。比較常見的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)楓楊(yang)、烏桕、野大豆（國家二級保護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)）、荷花、菖蒲(pu)、蘆(lu)竹、水芹、水蔥、野菱、狐尾藻(zao)、黑藻(zao)、苦草等(deng)等(deng)。

除了豐富的(de)鳥類、魚類、植物(wu)資源(yuan)以外，衡山萱洲國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園的(de)底細動(dong)物(wu)、浮游生物(wu)、兩棲動(dong)物(wu)、爬行動(dong)物(wu)、哺乳動(dong)物(wu)也很多，充分(fen)體現(xian)了衡山萱洲國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公園良(liang)好的(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生態環境，建(jian)設和(he)保護萱洲濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)，意(yi)義(yi)重大(da)。