柏(bo)林湖濕(shi)(shi)地(di)總面積(ji)290公(gong)頃，水域面積(ji)140公(gong)頃，積(ji)水面積(ji)320平(ping)方公(gong)里，河道總長60公(gong)里。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)內山(shan)青水秀(xiu)、環境(jing)清幽、風(feng)景迷人，被全國(guo)著名(ming)鄉土民(min)俗建筑專家季富政稱(cheng)為山(shan)溝里的“小九(jiu)寨”，已經成功申(shen)報(bao)為國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園。據了解，柏(bo)林湖國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園所在的柏(bo)林古(gu)鎮(zhen)，于東漢末年（公(gong)園128年）建葭萌分縣(xian)，已有1800多年歷(li)史。境(jing)內歷(li)史文化積(ji)淀厚重，文物、古(gu)跡眾多，自然風(feng)光(guang)清新秀(xiu)美，秦漢古(gu)街被譽為川北(bei)民(min)居(ju)“標本”，目前正在申(shen)報(bao)省級歷(li)史文化名(ming)鎮(zhen)。
擬建(jian)的(de)國家濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)位于(yu)廣元市(shi)昭化區境內，主(zhu)要(yao)包括(kuo)柏林(lin)湖(hu)及周邊濕(shi)地(di)區域。濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)范圍東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)起于(yu)石板河向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西南(nan)(nan)，沿溝至寺坪(ping)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)(nan)，沿馮家河至張家河向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西北(bei)(bei)(bei)至觀音巖，向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)(nan)沿至三房里，向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西北(bei)(bei)(bei)沿柏林(lin)湖(hu)至王家灣，向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)至江(jiang)家灣，向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)沿柏林(lin)湖(hu)至馬蹄灘大壩，向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西北(bei)(bei)(bei)至何家嘴，向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)沿馮家河至石板河。規劃面(mian)積1597.5hm2。
公(gong)(gong)(gong)園內濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)主要由(you)人工濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)蓄水區濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)132.09公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃、水塘濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)1.31公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃、灌溉地(di)(di)(di)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)5.16公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃、自然濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)永久性河流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)8.12公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃和泛濫地(di)(di)(di)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)88.67公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃構(gou)成，占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園總面積的(de)14.73%，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)種類較豐富。
公(gong)園內森林(lin)均為(wei)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)匯(hui)水區(qu)，山(shan)谷溪流(liu)終(zhong)年不斷流(liu)，保障(zhang)了(le)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)充分(fen)的(de)(de)水量供(gong)給，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態系(xi)統隨水位的(de)(de)季節性變(bian)化而變(bian)化，與周邊的(de)(de)生(sheng)態系(xi)統之間(jian)的(de)(de)物質(zhi)與能(neng)量交換頻繁，整(zheng)個生(sheng)態系(xi)統已達(da)到生(sheng)態的(de)(de)平衡(heng)。 公(gong)園內濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)物多樣性資源十分(fen)豐富，柏(bo)(bo)林(lin)湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)周圍分(fen)布著近20余種(zhong)樹(shu)木(mu)，主要有(you)(you)馬尾松、柏(bo)(bo)木(mu)、榿(qi)木(mu)等樹(shu)種(zhong)，還(huan)有(you)(you)省(sheng)重(zhong)點保護原生(sheng)珍貴樹(shu)木(mu)杜仲、銀杏等，野(ye)生(sheng)動物42種(zhong)，其中(zhong)水禽(qin)類(lei)8種(zhong)，兩棲類(lei)3種(zhong)，爬行(xing)類(lei)5種(zhong)，鳥類(lei)19種(zhong)，獸類(lei)7種(zhong)。特(te)別是白鷺等水鳥作(zuo)為(wei)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)野(ye)生(sheng)動物中(zhong)較具(ju)代表性的(de)(de)類(lei)群(qun)，靈敏反應了(le)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)環(huan)境的(de)(de)變(bian)化。
公(gong)園內有多(duo)處古剎名(ming)寺、石雕古墓、魁星閣(ge)樓、閉(bi)關佛洞等(deng)人文(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)，還(huan)有自(zi)(zi)然形成(cheng)的柏(bo)林湖、五嵐二(er)錦、摩崖(ya)造像、三(san)國古柏(bo)等(deng)自(zi)(zi)然景(jing)觀(guan)，景(jing)點美不勝收。
濕地(di)公園地(di)質(zhi)構(gou)造(zao)為龍(long)門山北東(dong)向(xiang)華夏式構(gou)造(zao)體系(xi)，位(wei)于摩(mo)天(tian)嶺構(gou)造(zao)帶(dai)(dai)之(zhi)南(nan)、米倉上構(gou)造(zao)帶(dai)(dai)之(zhi)西，北東(dong)走向(xiang)，插入摩(mo)天(tian)嶺、米倉山構(gou)造(zao)帶(dai)(dai)內。大(da)部分地(di)區屬白堊(e)系(xi)下(xia)統城(cheng)墻巖(yan)(yan)群(qun)地(di)址巖(yan)(yan)層，是繼侏羅系(xi)沉積之(zhi)后又一套河(he)湖相間的紅色碎屑巖(yan)(yan)構(gou)成，礫巖(yan)(yan)、砂巖(yan)(yan)、泥(ni)巖(yan)(yan)呈(cheng)互(hu)層產生(sheng)，厚(hou)度(du)在1300m左(zuo)右(you)，巖(yan)(yan)相巖(yan)(yan)性變化較大(da)。
濕地(di)(di)公園(yuan)及(ji)周邊(bian)區域有4個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei)、7個(ge)亞類(lei)，林業用(yong)地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)有紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、山(shan)地(di)(di)黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、新沖擊(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)三類(lei)，以(yi)前(qian)兩(liang)類(lei)為(wei)多(duo)。紫(zi)色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)因發(fa)育于(yu)(yu)(yu)紫(zi)色(se)母巖(yan)，發(fa)育較(jiao)(jiao)淺，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)質地(di)(di)以(yi)中(zhong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、重壤(rang)(rang)(rang)居多(duo)，沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)及(ji)粘土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)較(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)酸堿度微(wei)酸性(xing)(xing)至微(wei)堿性(xing)(xing)，以(yi)中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)及(ji)微(wei)堿性(xing)(xing)為(wei)主(zhu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)含N、P、K元(yuan)素較(jiao)(jiao)多(duo)，保(bao)水保(bao)肥力較(jiao)(jiao)強，一般分(fen)布于(yu)(yu)(yu)海(hai)拔(ba)700m以(yi)上。山(shan)地(di)(di)黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)屬砂(sha)巖(yan)和頁巖(yan)石(shi)發(fa)育而成的土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)，質地(di)(di)有沙(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)和粘壤(rang)(rang)(rang)，一般分(fen)布在海(hai)拔(ba)700m以(yi)上。新沖擊(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)主(zhu)要分(fen)布于(yu)(yu)(yu)沿河兩(liang)岸，海(hai)拔(ba)一般在300-500m左右，土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚、肥沃。
濕(shi)(shi)地公園所在區域屬亞熱帶季風性濕(shi)(shi)潤氣候，四季分明，冬春多風，夏秋多雨，冬暖夏熱，秋季涼爽，降(jiang)雨集(ji)中，高溫(wen)期與多雨期一致。全年平均氣溫(wen)17.0℃，公園內日(ri)照時數(shu)最多是(shi)(shi)在8月，最少是(shi)(shi)12月，年平均日(ri)照數(shu)1370.0h，太陽輻射總量年均91.67cal/cm2。
濕地公園內年平(ping)均(jun)相(xiang)對濕度(du)70%左右(you)，冬春較干燥，多(duo)年平(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)雨量(liang)812.9mm，3-6月降(jiang)雨量(liang)68.1mm，多(duo)年年平(ping)均(jun)蒸(zheng)發量(liang)1499mm，3-6月蒸(zheng)發量(liang)162.3mm。
濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)內(nei)柏林湖(hu)流域面積420km2，集雨面積320km2，總(zong)蓄水(shui)(shui)、提水(shui)(shui)能力約(yue)3億m3，一般年份總(zong)蓄水(shui)(shui)兩2.8億m3，公園(yuan)內(nei)濕(shi)地(di)水(shui)(shui)量隨著季節(jie)變化有一定的變化，但是(shi)變化幅度不大，7-10月份因降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)增多水(shui)(shui)位(wei)有所升高，枯水(shui)(shui)期(qi)與(yu)豐水(shui)(shui)期(qi)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)相差3-4m，整個公園(yuan)在豐水(shui)(shui)季節(jie)沒有洪(hong)澇(lao)災害(hai)。
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