四川白(bai)玉拉龍措(cuo)(cuo)國家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)型(xing)多樣(yang),動植(zhi)物資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐富,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景觀獨特(te),濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)濃厚(hou),濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)具有很(hen)高的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)價值。本文(wen)(wen)在分(fen)析濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)文(wen)(wen)、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)類(lei)型(xing)、面(mian)積及(ji)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)現狀的(de)(de)基礎上,對該公(gong)(gong)園的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)做出了評價。同時以濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)為目的(de)(de),運用生態保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規劃的(de)(de)理論和方法(fa),通過水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)、水(shui)(shui)系和水(shui)(shui)質保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)、棲(qi)息地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)和濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)等一系列生態工程和措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi),優化(hua)該濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園的(de)(de)生態環境,以期為該公(gong)(gong)園的(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和規劃提供科學依據。
四川白玉拉龍措國家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園總面積29878.04公(gong)頃,濕(shi)(shi)地(di)面積13010.18公(gong)頃,濕(shi)(shi)地(di)率為(wei)43.54%。包括永(yong)久性(xing)河(he)流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、洪泛濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、永(yong)久性(xing)淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、季節(jie)性(xing)淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)湖(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、草本沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)、灌叢沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)和地(di)熱濕(shi)(shi)地(di)7個類型。
走在甘白(bai)路上,從荒(huang)涼蒼茫(mang)的(de)海(hai)子山(shan)上下(xia)來(lai),路邊有一個大(da)海(hai)子,彷如(ru)天上掉下(xia)來(lai)的(de)明鏡,這就是(shi)白(bai)玉縣最(zui)大(da)的(de)海(hai)子拉龍(long)措(cuo)。拉龍(long)措(cuo)四周都(dou)是(shi)山(shan)坡上怪(guai)石(shi)磷峋,湖邊綠草如(ru)茵野花盛開,零(ling)星的(de)帳篷散落其中,美的(de)如(ru)詩如(ru)畫(hua)。
白玉,系藏(zang)語譯音(yin)。藏(zang)語意為(wei)“吉祥(xiang)(xiang)盛德的地(di)方(fang)”。其地(di)形似吉祥(xiang)(xiang)圖案,故名(ming)。白玉縣處川西北丘(qiu)狀高原(yuan)山區,全境屬(shu)沙魯里山地(di)段。南與巴塘縣接壤之麻貢嘎山峰海(hai)拔(ba)5725米(mi),最(zui)低處山巖鄉金(jin)沙江(jiang)河(he)谷(gu)海(hai)拔(ba)2640米(mi)。
在白(bai)(bai)玉(yu)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)深山荒原上,散落著(zhu)許多(duo)高(gao)原湖(hu)泊。當地的(de)(de)(de)藏(zang)族農牧民,把這些湖(hu)泊稱為“海(hai)(hai)子”。由甘(gan)孜去白(bai)(bai)玉(yu)的(de)(de)(de)路上要經過一處名叫“拉龍”的(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)泊,海(hai)(hai)拔在4300多(duo)公(gong)尺以上。湖(hu)泊四周,是白(bai)(bai)玉(yu)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)高(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔牧場,湖(hu)泊邊(bian)帳篷座座,牛羊成群。