洱源(yuan)西(xi)湖濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)處洱海源(yuan)頭,屬瀾滄江(jiang)水系,為高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)斷陷湖泊(bo),是大(da)(da)(da)理及周(zhou)邊地(di)(di)區生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全的(de)(de)重要保(bao)障。西(xi)湖濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)物豐富多(duo)樣(yang),天然濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統保(bao)存較為完(wan)整(zheng),有洱海大(da)(da)(da)頭鯉、灰裂(lie)腹魚、大(da)(da)(da)理裂(lie)腹魚等特(te)(te)有魚類,是許多(duo)越冬鳥(niao)類的(de)(de)棲(qi)息地(di)(di)和覓食(shi)地(di)(di),也是瀕危(wei)鳥(niao)類紫水雞的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存地(di)(di)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)內活性炭沉積特(te)(te)殊,在(zai)湖泊(bo)演替(ti)、氣候變化(hua)等方面具有潛在(zai)的(de)(de)研究價(jia)值。它同時是云南省高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)中景觀(guan)獨特(te)(te)、白族(zu)風俗濃郁(yu)、歷史文化(hua)積淀(dian)深厚(hou)的(de)(de)特(te)(te)殊區域(yu)。
洱(er)源西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地位于蒼(cang)山(shan)19峰之一(yi)的云弄峰北(bei)麓,右(you)所(suo)鎮境內(nei)(nei),流域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積119平(ping)方公(gong)里,湖(hu)(hu)面(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)積4.7平(ping)方公(gong)里,湖(hu)(hu)周長10.3公(gong)里,平(ping)均水(shui)深1.8米,屬瀾滄(cang)江水(shui)系,地處洱(er)海(hai)源頭,洱(er)海(hai)13%的地表水(shui)來(lai)自西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)。西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)生態(tai)系統(tong)(tong)多樣(yang)性(xing)極為獨特(te)(te),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)山(shan)森林(灌(guan)叢)— 村(cun)莊— 農田— 湖(hu)(hu)濱沼(zhao)澤(ze)— 湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)水(shui)面(mian)(mian)— 島嶼(yu)(yu)村(cun)莊的自然生態(tai)系統(tong)(tong)與(yu)人(ren)工生態(tai)系統(tong)(tong)交(jiao)叉(cha)重(zhong)疊的多樣(yang)性(xing)特(te)(te)征,具(ju)(ju)有典型(xing)的湖(hu)(hu)盆— 湖(hu)(hu)濱— 面(mian)(mian)山(shan)結(jie)構,包(bao)含了區域(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)景(jing)觀多樣(yang)性(xing)的所(suo)有范(fan)疇,構成(cheng)(cheng)了地熱(re)溫泉(quan)、民俗風情、歷史文化、煙(yan)渚(zhu)漁(yu)村(cun)、島嶼(yu)(yu)水(shui)鄉的特(te)(te)色景(jing)觀構架。此外,西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)濕(shi)(shi)地生態(tai)系統(tong)(tong)中形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的泥碳沼(zhao)澤(ze),埋(mai)藏于水(shui)下約2米處,平(ping)均厚度(du)4米,最深超過15米,儲量達390萬(wan)噸,是目前在滇西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)中發現(xian)的極具(ju)(ju)價值(zhi)的類型(xing)。西(xi)湖(hu)(hu)同時也是大理州水(shui)域(yu)(yu)風光型(xing)旅游區的標(biao)志性(xing)景(jing)區,日均接待觀光旅游游客2000人(ren)以上。
洱源西湖濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)為高(gao)原斷陷湖泊,屬瀾滄江水系(xi),地(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)洱海源頭,生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)區位十分重要,是(shi)大(da)理及周(zhou)邊地(di)(di)(di)(di)區生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安全(quan)的重要保(bao)障。洱源西湖濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性豐富,天(tian)然濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系(xi)統保(bao)存較為完整(zheng),保(bao)存有(you)洱海大(da)頭鯉、灰裂(lie)腹魚、大(da)理裂(lie)腹魚等特(te)(te)有(you)魚類,是(shi)許多越(yue)冬(dong)鳥(niao)類的棲(qi)息(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和覓食地(di)(di)(di)(di),也(ye)是(shi)瀕危鳥(niao)類紫水雞(ji)(ji),據目前的調查(cha),為我國最大(da)的紫水雞(ji)(ji)種(zhong)群(qun)。濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)內活(huo)性炭(tan)沉(chen)積(ji)特(te)(te)殊(shu),在湖泊演替(ti)、氣候變化(hua)等方面(mian)具有(you)潛在的研究價(jia)值。洱源西湖是(shi)云南(nan)高(gao)原濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)中景(jing)觀獨特(te)(te),白族風俗濃郁,歷史文化(hua)積(ji)淀(dian)深厚的特(te)(te)殊(shu)區域,是(shi)展示濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護成效和濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境教育的理想基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。
洱(er)源西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)濕(shi)地(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)極具觀賞價值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)珍稀(xi)(xi)鳥(niao)類(lei)紫(zi)水雞在我省的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布(bu)地(di)(di),也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)我國紫(zi)水雞重要(yao)和(he)(he)(he)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)種(zhong)(zhong)群分(fen)布(bu)地(di)(di),還是(shi)(shi)許多(duo)越冬鳥(niao)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)棲(qi)息地(di)(di)和(he)(he)(he)補食地(di)(di);此(ci)外,西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)水道(dao)為大(da)理(li)裂腹魚(yu)的(de)(de)(de)洄游通道(dao)和(he)(he)(he)產卵(luan)區,生物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性價值(zhi)極為獨特和(he)(he)(he)豐富。在去年濕(shi)地(di)(di)規劃編(bian)制調查過程中(zhong)(zhong),相關專家(jia)調查記錄到(dao)西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)共有(you)哺乳(ru)類(lei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong),爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)16種(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)14種(zhong)(zhong),魚(yu)類(lei)26種(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)類(lei)76種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)(zhong)水域鳥(niao)類(lei)39種(zhong)(zhong);維管(guan)桿物(wu)(wu)306種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)(zhong)濕(shi)地(di)(di)植物(wu)(wu)115種(zhong)(zhong)。這些植物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong),野(ye)菱、海菜花屬(shu)(shu)國家(jia)II級(ji)保護植物(wu)(wu),虎紋蛙、大(da)壁(bi)虎,灰(hui)雁(yan)、鳳頭(tou)鷹、白尾(wei)鷂、燕隼等(deng)屬(shu)(shu)國家(jia)II級(ji)保護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)。另外,分(fen)布(bu)有(you)大(da)眼(yan)鯉、洱(er)海大(da)頭(tou)鯉、大(da)理(li)云(yun)南(nan)鯉、灰(hui)裂腹魚(yu)、大(da)理(li)裂腹魚(yu)等(deng)滇(dian)西(xi)(xi)高原湖(hu)泊特有(you)魚(yu)類(lei)和(he)(he)(he)斑頭(tou)雁(yan)等(deng)青藏高原特有(you)珍稀(xi)(xi)鳥(niao)類(lei),有(you)著較(jiao)(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)生物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性保護價值(zhi),是(shi)(shi)開展(zhan)泥碳沉積、湖(hu)泊演化、生態系統(tong)研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)典型地(di)(di)段,也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)濕(shi)地(di)(di)環(huan)境教育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)基地(di)(di),在洱(er)海濕(shi)地(di)(di)生態系統(tong)保護、區域環(huan)境維護和(he)(he)(he)濕(shi)地(di)(di)資源利(li)用(yong)方(fang)面發揮著重要(yao)作用(yong)。