芒果视频

公園概況

基本地理信息

思南烏江喀斯特國家地(di)質公(gong)園位于貴(gui)州省(sheng)思南縣境內，占地(di)面積202.99km2，地(di)理坐(zuo)標為：東(dong)經107°52‘ ——108° 28’，北緯(wei)27° 32‘ —28° 09’。公(gong)園東(dong)距(ju)國家森林公(gong)園梵凈山70km，西離歷史(shi)文化名城遵義160km，南至石(shi)阡(qian)風景區30km，水陸交通十分便利。

公園類型與特色

烏(wu)江(jiang)喀(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)斯(si)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)國家(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質公(gong)園是(shi)以喀(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)斯(si)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)景(jing)觀為主(zhu)體，結(jie)合峽谷(gu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)、水體景(jing)觀、生態景(jing)觀和(he)人文景(jing)觀，集地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)學資源(yuan)的(de)(de)獨特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)性(xing)、系(xi)統性(xing)、科(ke)學型(xing)和(he)觀賞性(xing)于一(yi)身的(de)(de)、大型(xing)喀(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)斯(si)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)類(lei)型(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質公(gong)園。它有四大特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)色，一(yi)是(shi)喀(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)斯(si)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)的(de)(de)完整性(xing)和(he)系(xi)統性(xing)在國內外是(shi)罕見的(de)(de)，二是(shi)喀(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)斯(si)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)景(jing)觀沿(yan)烏(wu)江(jiang)兩岸分布，它們的(de)(de)形(xing)成與烏(wu)江(jiang)的(de)(de)演化存(cun)在密(mi)切的(de)(de)聯系(xi)，三是(shi)中(zhong)國同緯度(du)上規模最(zui)大、保存(cun)最(zui)好(hao)的(de)(de)喀(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)斯(si)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)景(jing)觀，四是(shi)喀(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)斯(si)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)類(lei)型(xing)眾多(duo)，各階段的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)形(xing)態都有，完整地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)展(zhan)示出思南(nan)境(jing)內烏(wu)江(jiang)兩岸喀(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)斯(si)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)發育的(de)(de)全(quan)過程，是(shi)研究喀(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)斯(si)特(te)(te)(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)理想場所。

公園景區劃分

長壩景(jing)(jing)區——以典型的(de)、類型眾多的(de)喀(ka)斯特石(shi)林為主要景(jing)(jing)觀；

文家店—荊(jing)竹園(yuan)景區——以婉蜒(yan)曲折的(de)溶洞及千(qian)姿(zi)百態的(de)洞穴堆積物景觀為(wei)特色；

思林景(jing)區——以喀斯特(te)組(zu)合景(jing)觀為主要特(te)征；

青杠坡景(jing)(jing)區——以象形(xing)石為主要景(jing)(jing)觀；

鸚鵡(wu)溪景(jing)區——以喀(ka)斯特泉、瀑(pu)為主要景(jing)觀(guan)；

板橋景區——主要景觀(guan)為自然風(feng)光、民(min)俗風(feng)情、古建藝術、文化(hua)等；

思塘景區(qu)——以(yi)歷史、人文景觀為主(zhu)要特(te)征。

地質歷史

物質基礎

經地質(zhi)學家(jia)調查考證，思南(nan)喀(ka)斯(si)特地貌主要發育在(zai)距今2.95—2.5億年(nian)（二疊紀(ji)）間(jian)形(xing)成(cheng)的厚層石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)中(zhong)。由于受(shou)到(dao)多次地殼(ke)運動(dong)影響，石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)中(zhong)存在(zai)很(hen)多斷(duan)裂和裂隙(xi)。這(zhe)種布滿斷(duan)裂和裂隙(xi)的石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)，正(zheng)是思南(nan)喀(ka)斯(si)特地貌形(xing)成(cheng)的物質(zhi)基礎。

水動力條件

可溶性巖(yan)石和具(ju)有溶蝕能力的水(shui)流是喀(ka)斯(si)特地貌形(xing)成(cheng)的基(ji)本條件;水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富(fu)的烏江及其思南境內的支流是水(shui)動力的主要來源(yuan)。

地貌形成過程

1.石林景觀的(de)形成

石(shi)林形(xing)成(cheng)的初(chu)期(qi)，流(liu)水在產狀(zhuang)平(ping)緩的厚層石(shi)灰巖(yan)坡面上流(liu)動(dong)，沿石(shi)灰巖(yan)的裂(lie)隙溶蝕，形(xing)成(cheng)縱橫交(jiao)錯的溝槽和脊(ji)狀(zhuang)巖(yan)石(shi)塊體(ti)，即溶溝和石(shi)芽(ya)(ya)。新近紀晚期(qi)，早(zao)期(qi)形(xing)成(cheng)的石(shi)芽(ya)(ya)被抬升，流(liu)水不斷(duan)往下切割，石(shi)芽(ya)(ya)不斷(duan)發育成(cheng)長為(wei)高大的、彼此相互隔開(kai)的石(shi)林。

2.溶洞(dong)景(jing)觀的形成(cheng)

思(si)南溶(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)景觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)有(you)兩個方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)，即洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)和(he)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)景觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)。溶(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)：洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)由地(di)下水(shui)(shui)對(dui)可溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)、侵蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)、崩墜共同(tong)(tong)作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果。思(si)南地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)體是(shi)在(zai)地(di)殼相對(dui)穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時期，地(di)下水(shui)(shui)沿著(zhu)石(shi)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)面和(he)裂(lie)隙進行溶(rong)(rong)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)侵蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)，使裂(lie)隙不斷擴大形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)貴州高原臺升的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拉動下，思(si)南地(di)區地(di)殼出現多(duo)次間歇性(xing)(xing)升降(jiang)，因而形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)溶(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)景觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)：思(si)南地(di)區溶(rong)(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)千姿百態，玲(ling)瓏剔(ti)透(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景觀(guan)是(shi)由洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)水(shui)(shui)堆積形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)水(shui)(shui)有(you)幾種運動形(xing)(xing)(xing)式：滲透(tou)水(shui)(shui)、流(liu)動水(shui)(shui)、噴霧(wu)水(shui)(shui)，不同(tong)(tong)運動形(xing)(xing)(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)水(shui)(shui)，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堆積物(wu)，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)不同(tong)(tong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景觀(guan)。

3.烏江峽谷(gu)的(de)形成

思南境內的烏江峽(xia)谷(gu)地貌是(shi)在新構造運動驅動下(xia)，從距今6500萬年(nian)的古近紀(ji)以來，在碳酸鹽巖發育(yu)區，經過4次(ci)抬(tai)升和流水下(xia)切(qie)、溶蝕、雕塑形(xing)成的，是(shi)園(yuan)區重要景觀之(zhi)一(yi)。