1981年1月26日,經城步苗(miao)族(zu)自治縣人民政府批準(zhun)成立民族(zu)老(lao)山(shan)(又名明竹老(lao)山(shan))縣級自然保護區(qu),范圍包括金(jin)紫山(shan)國有林場(chang)雙(shuang)江口工區(qu)、瑤人坪工區(qu)的一(yi)部分,面積一(yi)萬畝。
2009年,城(cheng)步苗族自治縣人(ren)民政府為了(le)更好地(di)保(bao)護境(jing)內(nei)天(tian)然(ran)次(ci)生林(lin)(lin)植被和(he)豐富的物種資源(yuan),拯(zheng)救、保(bao)護珍稀(xi)瀕危野生動植物資源(yuan),決定從全縣保(bao)存(cun)完好的5片(pian)天(tian)然(ran)次(ci)生林(lin)(lin)中,選(xuan)取其中兩(liang)片(pian)保(bao)存(cun)好的國有(you)林(lin)(lin),即申報的金童(tong)山(shan)(shan)片(pian)、明(ming)竹(zhu)老(lao)山(shan)(shan)片(pian),組(zu)建、申報湖南(nan)(nan)金童(tong)山(shan)(shan)自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu),并于2009年12月22日,經(jing)湖南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)人(ren)民政府批(pi)準建立(li)湖南(nan)(nan)金童(tong)山(shan)(shan)省(sheng)級(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu),包括明(ming)竹(zhu)老(lao)山(shan)(shan)和(he)金童(tong)山(shan)(shan)兩(liang)個片(pian)區(qu),分(fen)別屬云馬國有(you)林(lin)(lin)場金童(tong)山(shan)(shan)工區(qu)和(he)金紫山(shan)(shan)國有(you)林(lin)(lin)場雙江口工區(qu)、瑤人(ren)坪工區(qu)管轄。
2012年12月(yue)28日(ri),晉(jin)升(sheng)國家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區的(de)申請獲國家(jia)環保(bao)部組織的(de)專家(jia)評審會全票通過(guo)。
2013年12月25日,國(guo)務院(yuan)辦公廳批準(zhun),湖南金童(tong)山省(sheng)級自(zi)然保護區(qu)晉升為國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然保護區(qu)。
湖南金童山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)位于湖南省西南邊(bian)陲的城步苗族(zu)自治縣(xian)境內,地處(chu)越城嶺山(shan)(shan)脈與(yu)雪峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)脈交匯地帶、南嶺山(shan)(shan)脈北緣。
湖南金童(tong)(tong)山(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護區(qu)(qu)在(zai)大地(di)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造上(shang)(shang)屬新華(hua)夏構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造體(ti)系第三隆起帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南端(duan)(duan),系湘桂經向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造體(ti)系。在(zai)漫長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)質歷史中,保護區(qu)(qu)經歷了(le)雪峰山(shan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)、燕山(shan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)和喜馬拉(la)雅(ya)山(shan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)三期(qi)(qi)比較(jiao)顯(xian)著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)質構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)。由于(yu)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造變動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)期(qi)(qi)性(xing)和相互(hu)疊(die)加(jia),形(xing)成(cheng)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造形(xing)跡,使(shi)境內(nei)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造基本骨架呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北北東(dong)(dong)(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)展布。其表(biao)現形(xing)式主要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)褶皺(zhou)(zhou)和斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie),以(yi)北北東(dong)(dong)(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)褶皺(zhou)(zhou)群及壓(ya)性(xing)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)帶(dai)為(wei)主,褶皺(zhou)(zhou)多(duo)為(wei)狹(xia)窄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背(bei)(bei)斜(xie)和向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斜(xie),呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“多(duo)”字形(xing)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造,在(zai)褶皺(zhou)(zhou)和斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)伴有(you)(you)(you)強烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)侵入(ru)。明竹老山(shan)片區(qu)(qu)西(xi)側北北東(dong)(dong)(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)溪水(shui)——楠溪斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)具有(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)扭性(xing)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點,是一條規模(mo)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie),走向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)北東(dong)(dong)(dong)15°至北東(dong)(dong)(dong)20°,微呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“S”形(xing)狀。延(yan)(yan)伸長(chang)度大于(yu)74千(qian)米(mi)。斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)沿(yan)線有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)多(duo)寬達(da)(da)2~5 米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)脈充填(tian)于(yu)伴生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北西(xi)西(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)裂(lie)(lie)隙(xi)中。沿(yan)線巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)硅化(hua)破碎、片理發(fa)育——糜棱巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造透鏡(jing)體(ti)、巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)揉皺(zhou)(zhou)等現象常(chang)見。斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)面傾向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)北,傾角(jiao)50°以(yi)上(shang)(shang);金童(tong)(tong)山(shan)片區(qu)(qu)以(yi)桿子水(shui)背(bei)(bei)斜(xie)、山(shan)背(bei)(bei)嶺背(bei)(bei)斜(xie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造為(wei)基礎,軸部(bu)出現板溪群上(shang)(shang)亞群拉(la)攬組(zu)、震(zhen)旦(dan)系江口(kou)組(zu),兩翼為(wei)寒(han)武系。軸面自東(dong)(dong)(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)西(xi)倒轉,翼部(bu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)層(ceng)產狀一般(ban)為(wei)45~80°,為(wei)緊閉(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倒轉背(bei)(bei)斜(xie)。北端(duan)(duan)為(wei)北東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)斜(xie)切。發(fa)育于(yu)金童(tong)(tong)山(shan)片區(qu)(qu)內(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五團——羊石(shi)(shi)田壓(ya)扭性(xing)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie),呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北東(dong)(dong)(dong)10°方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)延(yan)(yan)伸,斜(xie)切了(le)北北東(dong)(dong)(dong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)造形(xing)跡,據(ju)現有(you)(you)(you)資料,斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)南北延(yan)(yan)伸長(chang)達(da)(da)200余(yu)千(qian)米(mi),斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)線較(jiao)平(ping)直,五團印支(zhi)期(qi)(qi)花(hua)崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)體(ti)被(bei)它縱切,使(shi)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)體(ti)錯(cuo)移(yi)方向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)盤作順時(shi)針向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)扭動(dong)(dong),水(shui)平(ping)錯(cuo)距達(da)(da)5~6千(qian)米(mi)。斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)沿(yan)線擠(ji)壓(ya)現象明顯(xian),穿(chuan)越花(hua)崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)體(ti)時(shi),使(shi)花(hua)崗巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)擠(ji)壓(ya)破碎,石(shi)(shi)英(ying)擠(ji)壓(ya)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)眼球狀,長(chang)石(shi)(shi)擠(ji)壓(ya)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)片狀。斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)兩側擠(ji)壓(ya)帶(dai)寬達(da)(da)3~4千(qian)米(mi),擠(ji)壓(ya)帶(dai)中有(you)(you)(you)低級(ji)與(yu)之平(ping)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)性(xing)斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)發(fa)育,主斷(duan)(duan)(duan)裂(lie)(lie)上(shang)(shang)盤往(wang)往(wang)使(shi)某(mou)些沉積礦床富集(ji)。
湖南(nan)金童山國家(jia)級自然保護區廣泛(fan)分布元(yuan)古(gu)界地層,發育良好,明顯地可以劃(hua)分為兩個單元(yuan)層系,上部為震(zhen)旦系,下部為板溪群。
湖南金童(tong)山(shan)國家級自然保護區及其鄰近地(di)區屬中山(shan)深谷(gu)地(di)貌(mao)(mao),主要分(fen)為侵(qin)蝕(shi)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)和剝蝕(shi)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)兩種類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。侵(qin)蝕(shi)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)細(xi)分(fen)為中山(shan)峰脊(ji)(ji)深澗、中山(shan)齒(chi)峰峽谷(gu)和中山(shan)峰脊(ji)(ji)峽谷(gu)三種形態類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing);剝蝕(shi)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)細(xi)分(fen)為中山(shan)臺原洼地(di)、中山(shan)壟脊(ji)(ji)峽谷(gu)和中低山(shan)駝(tuo)脊(ji)(ji)谷(gu)地(di)三種形態類(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。
湖南金(jin)童山國家級自然保(bao)護區屬于(yu)中(zhong)亞熱(re)帶季風(feng)濕潤氣(qi)(qi)候區山地氣(qi)(qi)候類型(xing)。保(bao)護區年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)16.1℃,最(zui)熱(re)月7月平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)26.7℃,最(zui)冷月1月平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)4.7℃,年(nian)較差22℃左(zuo)右(you)。極(ji)(ji)端最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)38.5℃,出現在(zai)1963年(nian)9月3日(ri)(ri)。極(ji)(ji)端最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)零下8.1℃,出現在(zai)1957年(nian)2月11日(ri)(ri)。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水量為(wei)1218.5毫(hao)米,其中(zhong)4~6月的(de)(de)雨量更集中(zhong),約占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)總降水量的(de)(de)44%,通常稱為(wei)“雨季”,而7~9月,氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)高(gao),雨量少(shao),約占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)雨量的(de)(de)23%,日(ri)(ri)照多,蒸發(fa)大,常有(you)規律性的(de)(de)夏、秋(qiu)干旱發(fa)生,故(gu)稱“旱季”。全(quan)(quan)年(nian)日(ri)(ri)照時數在(zai)1134.6—1601.5小(xiao)時左(zuo)右(you),多年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)無霜期為(wei)271天,相對濕度各月相差不大,多年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)在(zai)75~83%之間。
湖南(nan)金童山(shan)(shan)國家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區(qu)以(yi)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)為主,山(shan)(shan)巒重(zhong)疊,溝谷縱橫,地(di)(di)勢高(gao)低懸(xuan)殊(shu),因而在(zai)氣(qi)(qi)候上,既(ji)有明(ming)顯的(de)立體氣(qi)(qi)候特點(dian),又有各種地(di)(di)形環境的(de)不同(tong)影響(xiang)的(de)小氣(qi)(qi)候效應:溫(wen)度(du)(du)隨(sui)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)度(du)(du)的(de)升(sheng)高(gao)而遞(di)(di)減(jian)。溫(wen)度(du)(du)遞(di)(di)減(jian)率隨(sui)季節(jie)而異,冬(dong)(dong)季少(shao)、夏季大。海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)每升(sheng)高(gao)100米(mi),冬(dong)(dong)季遞(di)(di)減(jian)0.33℃,夏季遞(di)(di)減(jian)達0.62℃,因而形成縣境北部(bu)(bu)和(he)中部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在(zai)15℃以(yi)上的(de)暖區(qu)和(he)東、南(nan)、西部(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)在(zai)12℃以(yi)下的(de)冷區(qu)。降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)隨(sui)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)度(du)(du)的(de)升(sheng)高(gao)而遞(di)(di)增,縣境北部(bu)(bu)和(he)中部(bu)(bu)為少(shao)雨(yu)區(qu),年降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)少(shao)于1300毫(hao)米(mi),而東部(bu)(bu)、西南(nan)部(bu)(bu)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)800米(mi)以(yi)上的(de)地(di)(di)區(qu),則(ze)各形成一個大于1500毫(hao)米(mi)的(de)多雨(yu)帶(dai)。隨(sui)著海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高(gao)度(du)(du)的(de)升(sheng)高(gao),不僅雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)增加(jia),而且濕度(du)(du)增大,霧日增多;不同(tong)坡向和(he)地(di)(di)形氣(qi)(qi)候差(cha)異明(ming)顯。
湖南金童山國家(jia)級自然保護(hu)區的(de)水平(ping)地(di)帶性土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)是(shi)紅壤(rang)。保護(hu)區內的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)先(xian)后經(jing)脫硅富(fu)鋁化(hua)過(guo)程、黃化(hua)過(guo)程、生物(wu)累(lei)積過(guo)程和隱灰化(hua)過(guo)程,形成(cheng)了4種主(zhu)要的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型。
山(shan)地(di)(di)紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang):分(fen)布于保護區海拔600米以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)地(di)(di)區,只(zhi)有(you)(you)個別(bie)山(shan)脊(ji)分(fen)布稍高。山(shan)地(di)(di)紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)在(zai)(zai)系(xi)統分(fen)類中屬于富鐵土(tu)綱(gang),濕潤富鐵亞綱(gang),成土(tu)母巖(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)花岡巖(yan)(yan)、砂巖(yan)(yan)等為(wei)(wei)主。這(zhe)類土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)形成發育(yu)仍以(yi)(yi)(yi)脫硅富鋁化過程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)主,尚伴有(you)(you)一定程(cheng)(cheng)度的(de)黃(huang)化過程(cheng)(cheng),表土(tu)呈(cheng)灰棕色,心土(tu)和底土(tu)多為(wei)(wei)淡(dan)紅(hong)(hong)黃(huang)至(zhi)紅(hong)(hong)棕色。這(zhe)類土(tu)壤(rang)代換量(liang)較紅(hong)(hong)壤(rang)高,但代換性鹽基總量(liang)卻很低(di),每(mei)100克(ke)土(tu)壤(rang)在(zai)(zai)1.6~2.2毫克(ke)之間,而代換性鋁在(zai)(zai)7毫克(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),土(tu)壤(rang)溶(rong)液呈(cheng)酸性反應,PH值在(zai)(zai)4.97~5.04之間。全剖(pou)面質地(di)(di)較粘(zhan)重,且粘(zhan)粒明顯的(de)下(xia)移,這(zhe)不僅與母巖(yan)(yan)的(de)強烈風化與淋(lin)溶(rong)作用(yong)有(you)(you)關,也(ye)體現(xian)了山(shan)地(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)特(te)(te)點。有(you)(you)機(ji)質含(han)量(liang)較高,Ah層為(wei)(wei)4.67%,由上(shang)而下(xia),有(you)(you)機(ji)質的(de)含(han)量(liang)顯著降低(di),Bt層為(wei)(wei)2.34%體現(xian)森林(lin)土(tu)壤(rang)累積有(you)(you)機(ji)質的(de)特(te)(te)點。這(zhe)一區域自然植被(bei)為(wei)(wei)常(chang)綠(lv)闊葉(xie)林(lin),但由于歷史、人為(wei)(wei)因素,部分(fen)地(di)(di)區為(wei)(wei)人工杉木林(lin)、馬尾松(song)林(lin)、灌叢草類所代替,生(sheng)長(chang)非常(chang)茂密,覆蓋度大。
山地(di)(di)(di)黃壤:分(fen)布于保(bao)護區海(hai)拔600~1300米(mi)的地(di)(di)(di)段(duan)(duan)。山地(di)(di)(di)黃壤在系統分(fen)類(lei)中(zhong)屬于富鐵土(tu)綱(gang),常濕潤富鐵亞綱(gang),是(shi)保(bao)護區的主(zhu)要土(tu)壤類(lei)型,成土(tu)母巖(yan)(yan)主(zhu)要有(you)粉砂巖(yan)(yan)、砂巖(yan)(yan)、砂質板巖(yan)(yan)、硅質頁巖(yan)(yan)及黑(hei)云(yun)母花岡(gang)巖(yan)(yan)等。山地(di)(di)(di)黃壤土(tu)體均呈淡黃棕色或黃棕色,表(biao)土(tu)有(you)機(ji)(ji)質含量高(gao)而色深,表(biao)土(tu)以下則為暗黃棕色或淡黃棕色。有(you)機(ji)(ji)質含量Ah層為4.67%,Bt層為2.03%,由(you)上向下,有(you)機(ji)(ji)質的含量顯(xian)著降低,體現(xian)森林(lin)土(tu)壤累積有(you)機(ji)(ji)質的特點。土(tu)壤溶液呈酸性反應,PH值在4.76~5.08之間,但Ah層低于Bt層,這與Ah層代換性鋁含量較(jiao)高(gao)和淋溶作用有(you)關。這一區域自(zi)然(ran)植被以常綠闊葉林(lin)為主(zhu),生長非(fei)常繁茂的地(di)(di)(di)段(duan)(duan),是(shi)珍貴樹種集中(zhong)之地(di)(di)(di),該區域原生植被保(bao)存完好。
山(shan)地(di)黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang):分(fen)布于保護(hu)區海(hai)(hai)拔1200~1600米的(de)(de)(de)地(di)域(yu)(yu)。山(shan)地(di)黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)在(zai)系(xi)統分(fen)類(lei)中(zhong)屬于淋(lin)溶土(tu)(tu)(tu)綱,常(chang)濕淋(lin)溶土(tu)(tu)(tu)亞綱,成土(tu)(tu)(tu)母巖(yan)(yan)以砂巖(yan)(yan)、砂質板巖(yan)(yan)、硅質頁巖(yan)(yan)及黑云母花崗巖(yan)(yan)等(deng)為主。土(tu)(tu)(tu)體(ti)均(jun)呈(cheng)(cheng)淡黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)色(se)或(huo)黃(huang)(huang)色(se),表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)有(you)(you)(you)機質含量(liang)高(gao)而色(se)深(shen),表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)以下(xia)則為淡黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)色(se)或(huo)黃(huang)(huang)色(se),這與(yu)三(san)氧化(hua)鐵的(de)(de)(de)水化(hua)作用(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan),也體(ti)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)化(hua)過程的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。Ah層(ceng)有(you)(you)(you)機質含量(liang)達3.18~4.18%之(zhi)間,隨(sui)海(hai)(hai)拔高(gao)度(du)自上(shang)(shang)而下(xia)逐漸減少,這說明(ming)(ming)隨(sui)著(zhu)海(hai)(hai)拔的(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)和氣候條件的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua),生(sheng)(sheng)物循(xun)環的(de)(de)(de)速度(du)減緩所致(zhi),體(ti)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)不(bu)同植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被和環境條件累積有(you)(you)(you)機質的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)呈(cheng)(cheng)酸(suan)性反應,PH值在(zai)4.67~5.19之(zhi)間,而由(you)表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)向下(xia)逐漸增高(gao),體(ti)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)淋(lin)溶作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。代換性鋁(lv)含量(liang)高(gao),自上(shang)(shang)而下(xia)逐漸減低,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)鹽基呈(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)度(du)不(bu)飽和狀態(tai),但由(you)表(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)向下(xia)則有(you)(you)(you)逐漸增高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)趨勢,這足(zu)以表(biao)明(ming)(ming)山(shan)地(di)黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)具有(you)(you)(you)灰化(hua)淋(lin)溶作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。這一(yi)區域(yu)(yu)天然植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被是常(chang)綠(lv)闊(kuo)葉林,并夾有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)少落葉闊(kuo)葉樹種,一(yi)般(ban)森林高(gao)大,只有(you)(you)(you)山(shan)地(di)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)矮化(hua)現(xian)(xian)象,生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)非(fei)常(chang)茂(mao)密,郁閉度(du)大,林內陰暗潮濕,相對濕度(du)高(gao),樹干(gan)上(shang)(shang)附有(you)(you)(you)苔蘚(xian)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物等(deng),草(cao)本地(di)被物以耐陰濕的(de)(de)(de)莎草(cao)科(ke)、蘭科(ke)及蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物等(deng)為主,該(gai)區域(yu)(yu)原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被保存完好,原(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)現(xian)(xian)象非(fei)常(chang)明(ming)(ming)顯。
山(shan)(shan)地(di)草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu):分(fen)布在保護區海拔1600米以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)頂(ding)開闊地(di)域(yu)。山(shan)(shan)地(di)草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)在系(xi)統分(fen)類(lei)中屬雛形土(tu)(tu)(tu)綱(gang),常(chang)濕雛形土(tu)(tu)(tu)亞綱(gang),成土(tu)(tu)(tu)母質(zhi)主要(yao)有(you)(you)花崗巖及板頁巖和砂巖。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中腐殖質(zhi)大(da)量積累(lei)(lei),表(biao)(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層黑(hei)褐(he)色,繁茂草(cao)叢的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)數(shu)草(cao)根集結(jie)于(yu)表(biao)(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層,成為草(cao)根盤結(jie)層。山(shan)(shan)地(di)草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)呈(cheng)(cheng)酸性(xing)反(fan)應,pH4.5~6.0,表(biao)(biao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層略低于(yu)心、底土(tu)(tu)(tu)層。土(tu)(tu)(tu)層薄(bo),發(fa)育弱,但有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)積量高(gao)。山(shan)(shan)脊的(de)(de)(de)草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu),礦(kuang)物(wu)風化(hua)作用很弱,土(tu)(tu)(tu)層較薄(bo),一(yi)般(ban)20厘(li)(li)米以(yi)下,母質(zhi)層呈(cheng)(cheng)灰棕(zong)色,常(chang)夾有(you)(you)較多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)石英砂粒。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)腐殖質(zhi)層的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含量高(gao)者可(ke)達80~180克/千克,而且(qie)積累(lei)(lei)深(shen)度(du)達到(dao)50厘(li)(li)米。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)質(zhi)地(di)輕,顆粒粗,且(qie)多(duo)(duo)含石礫。土(tu)(tu)(tu)體全(quan)量化(hua)學組成中均以(yi)硅(gui)、鋁、鐵的(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)物(wu)為主。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)淋溶作用不強,但氧化(hua)鐵略有(you)(you)遷移,而鈣、鎂、錳氧化(hua)物(wu)則表(biao)(biao)現微度(du)富集。這(zhe)一(yi)區域(yu)自然植(zhi)被無(wu)高(gao)大(da)喬木,以(yi)旱生性(xing)草(cao)本為主,并有(you)(you)較多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)蕨(jue)類(lei),如芒(mang)、野谷草(cao)、蕨(jue)類(lei)、石松、胡枝子、鹽膚(fu)木、獼猴桃(tao)、苔蘚等,植(zhi)被覆(fu)蓋率(lv)在95%以(yi)上。
湖(hu)南金童山國(guo)家級自然保護區(qu)(qu)系(xi)湘西南邊陲河(he)源區(qu)(qu),地(di)表切割強烈,河(he)川(chuan)水系(xi)發(fa)育,且呈(cheng)樹枝狀分(fen)布。發(fa)源于保護區(qu)(qu)境(jing)內的巫水、渠水與潯(xun)江等主(zhu)要水系(xi),有大(da)小溪河(he)816條,總(zong)長4063千米(mi),其中河(he)長5千米(mi)、流域面積10 千米(mi)的干流及(ji)一至(zhi)四級河(he)流77條,長1122千米(mi)。河(he)流呈(cheng)輻(fu)射狀從南、西、北(bei)3個方向流往(wang)境(jing)外,分(fen)屬長江與珠江兩大(da)水系(xi)。河(he)網密度6.56千米(mi)/千米(mi),徑流總(zong)量24.89億立方米(mi)。
巫水(shui)(shui)為該縣境內大(da)的河流(liu),系(xi)沅(yuan)水(shui)(shui)一級支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu),屬長江水(shui)(shui)系(xi)。發源于保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)明竹老(lao)山(shan)片區(qu)(qu)(qu)核心區(qu)(qu)(qu)的風雨(yu)殿(dian),沿西(xi)南——西(xi)——北(bei)(bei)——西(xi)——西(xi)北(bei)(bei)——西(xi)南——北(bei)(bei)北(bei)(bei)西(xi)——北(bei)(bei)方(fang)向流(liu)經(jing)瑤(yao)人坪、侯家(jia)寨、袁家(jia)山(shan)、大(da)嶺(ling)界、蘭蓉鄉(xiang)、白毛坪鄉(xiang)、儒林鎮、兩河口(kou)(kou)、柳寨鄉(xiang)、羊(yang)石鄉(xiang)至匡塘(tang)口(kou)(kou)入綏寧縣境。巫水(shui)(shui)在縣境內干流(liu)長106千(qian)米(mi)(mi),有大(da)、小支(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)477條,流(liu)域面積1576.4千(qian)米(mi)(mi)。源頭高程1785米(mi)(mi),至境界出口(kou)(kou)高程為326米(mi)(mi),落差(cha)1459米(mi)(mi),平(ping)均坡降為5.71‰。柳寨鄉(xiang)大(da)洲以上為中山(shan)、中低山(shan)峽(xia)谷區(qu)(qu)(qu),谷深(shen)灘險,水(shui)(shui)流(liu)湍急,入羊(yang)石鄉(xiang)境內后,水(shui)(shui)流(liu)稍平(ping)緩(huan)。
渠水為(wei)沅江一級(ji)支(zhi)流(liu),屬長江水系(xi),有東(dong)西兩源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于城步苗族自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)境的為(wei)東(dong)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),稱臨口(kou)河(he),又叫通(tong)道河(he),發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于保護區金童山片區實驗區的大茅坪(ping),自源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)頭(tou)沿西——北——西西北——北北東(dong)——西方向流(liu)經南頭(tou)山、雙江口(kou)、大江頭(tou)、兩河(he)口(kou)、六馬(ma)、約沖(chong)、至崩土沖(chong)入綏寧縣(xian)(xian)境。渠水在縣(xian)(xian)境內干流(liu)長29.3千米,有大、小支(zhi)流(liu)41條,流(liu)域面積(ji)153千米。源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)頭(tou)高(gao)程(cheng)1815米,至縣(xian)(xian)界出(chu)口(kou)高(gao)程(cheng)為(wei)567米,落差(cha)1248米,平均坡降為(wei)27.9%。巖寨(zhai)鄉大江頭(tou)以上為(wei)“V”型河(he)谷。整個河(he)道穿(chuan)行于中(zhong)山峽谷之中(zhong),瀑布、急流(liu)相間出(chu)現(xian)。
潯江(jiang)(jiang)為(wei)西(xi)江(jiang)(jiang)二級支流,屬珠江(jiang)(jiang)水系,發源于(yu)保護區(qu)金童(tong)山片區(qu)的核心區(qu)金童(tong)山,自東南(nan)流經汀坪鄉獨(du)宿、大(da)侯,至(zhi)(zhi)巖門折(zhe)向南(nan)流,經長灘(tan)(tan)入蓬洞鄉境(jing),于(yu)大(da)水鋪納內里溪,再納蓬洞河,至(zhi)(zhi)楊梅坳鄉高(gao)橋(qiao)村入廣(guang)西(xi)龍勝縣(xian)境(jing)。潯江(jiang)(jiang)系縣(xian)內第二大(da)水系,在縣(xian)境(jing)內干(gan)流長55.5千米(mi)(mi),流經中(zhong)山區(qu),嶺谷相間,灘(tan)(tan)多流急。源頭(tou)高(gao)程1475米(mi)(mi),至(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)界出口高(gao)程為(wei)350米(mi)(mi),落差1125米(mi)(mi),平(ping)均坡降15.4‰。
湖南金童山(shan)國家級自(zi)然保護區地(di)理坐標為介于東經110°07′48″~110°33′36″,北(bei)緯26°07′39″~26°20′06″之間。總面(mian)積18466公(gong)頃,其中(zhong)核(he)心區面(mian)積6961公(gong)頃,緩沖區面(mian)積4710公(gong)頃,實驗區面(mian)積6795公(gong)頃。保護區包括明竹老山(shan)和(he)金童山(shan)兩個片區,二(er)者直線距(ju)離(li)約19千米。
金(jin)童山(shan)片區以(yi)云馬國有林場(chang)金(jin)童山(shan)工區管(guan)轄范圍為(wei)主,最高(gao)海(hai)拔為(wei)1784.1米(mi)(金(jin)童山(shan)頂)。四(si)周分別(bie)與城步縣的丹(dan)口鎮、汀(ting)坪鄉(xiang)、五團(tuan)鎮、南(nan)山(shan)牧場(chang)和(he)南(nan)洞國有林場(chang)相(xiang)連,南(nan)北(bei)長22.8千米(mi),東西寬(kuan)17.4千米(mi),面(mian)積10317公頃。
明竹(zhu)老山(shan)片區(qu)以金紫山(shan)國有林場雙江口(kou)工(gong)區(qu)、瑤人坪工(gong)區(qu)管轄范圍為主,最高海拔為2018.0米(二寶頂)。東與(yu)(yu)廣西(xi)資源縣(xian)(xian)交界,東北(bei)部(bu)與(yu)(yu)新寧縣(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤,西(xi)南部(bu)與(yu)(yu)城(cheng)步縣(xian)(xian)的白毛坪鄉(xiang)相(xiang)連,西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)與(yu)(yu)城(cheng)步縣(xian)(xian)的蘭蓉鄉(xiang)毗鄰(lin),東西(xi)長14.8千米,南北(bei)寬9.6千米,面積(ji)8149公頃。
湖南(nan)(nan)金童山國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區的主要保(bao)護(hu)對象為資源(yuan)冷杉、南(nan)(nan)方紅豆杉、伯樂(le)樹、華南(nan)(nan)五針松、閩楠、篦(bi)子三尖杉、半楓荷、黃(huang)連、天麻、水青樹等野生資源(yuan)。
截至2010年(nian),湖南(nan)(nan)金童山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)護區是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)南(nan)(nan)嶺與(yu)雪峰山(shan)脈交(jiao)匯部(bu)低海(hai)拔(ba)亞熱(re)帶常綠闊葉林(lin)(lin)森林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)態系統的典型代表(biao),保(bao)存有(you)大片常綠闊葉林(lin)(lin)或(huo)常綠落(luo)葉闊葉混交(jiao)林(lin)(lin),是(shi)原生(sheng)性的頂(ding)極群落(luo),有(you)維管束植(zhi)(zhi)物220科878屬2277種,其中(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物屬33個,國(guo)家(jia)級保(bao)護野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)物有(you)資源冷杉(shan)、南(nan)(nan)方紅豆杉(shan)、伯(bo)樂樹(shu)、銀杏(xing)、鐵杉(shan)、水青(qing)樹(shu)、天(tian)女木蘭、中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)五加、亮葉水青(qing)岡、華(hua)南(nan)(nan)五針松、長苞鐵杉(shan)等,林(lin)(lin)下(xia)分布有(you)39種蘭科植(zhi)(zhi)物及天(tian)麻、黃(huang)連等多種名貴中(zhong)(zhong)藥材。
截至2010年,湖(hu)南(nan)金童山國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)脊椎動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)31目(mu)92科(ke)278種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),哺(bu)(bu)乳動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)7目(mu)19科(ke)34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3目(mu)9科(ke)46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)棲動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2目(mu)8科(ke)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),魚類(lei)(lei)4目(mu)12科(ke)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)15目(mu)44科(ke)142種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)云豹、林麝(she)、白頸長尾雉等(deng)。鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)、屬數(shu)和(he)科(ke)數(shu)分(fen)別占湖(hu)南(nan)省的(de)(de)33.66%、78.95%和(he)26.76%,占全國(guo)已知數(shu)的(de)(de)10.67%、62.5%和(he)18.81%,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)日保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)澳(ao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),既是(shi)西伯利亞(ya)—南(nan)亞(ya)—澳(ao)大利亞(ya)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)遷(qian)徙(xi)通道,也是(shi)湖(hu)南(nan)省“省鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)”—紅嘴相思鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)密集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心和(he)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)繁殖地。《瀕(bin)危野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公約》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)37種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)瀕(bin)危動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)紅皮書》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),“國(guo)家(jia)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)益的(de)(de)或者有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)經濟、科(ke)學(xue)研究價值的(de)(de)陸(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”178種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)魚類(lei)(lei)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)棲動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)爬行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)哺(bu)(bu)乳動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、湖(hu)南(nan)省重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)167種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、國(guo)際候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)46種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
湖南(nan)(nan)金童(tong)山(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)管理(li)機(ji)構為(wei)湖南(nan)(nan)金童(tong)山(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)管理(li)處,于2014年8月(yue)15日設(she)立,為(wei)正科(ke)(ke)級(ji)(ji)財政(zheng)全額撥款事(shi)業(ye)單位,歸(gui)口(kou)城步苗族自(zi)治縣人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)管理(li)。機(ji)構編(bian)制定編(bian)12人(ren),設(she)主(zhu)任1名(ming)(正科(ke)(ke)級(ji)(ji)),副主(zhu)任2名(ming)(副科(ke)(ke)級(ji)(ji)),紀檢組(zu)長1名(ming)(副科(ke)(ke)級(ji)(ji))。內(nei)設(she)辦公(gong)室(shi)、保(bao)護(hu)管理(li)股(gu)(gu)、計(ji)劃(hua)財務股(gu)(gu)、科(ke)(ke)研(yan)管理(li)股(gu)(gu)、社區(qu)(qu)(qu)經營股(gu)(gu)5個(ge)職能股(gu)(gu)室(shi)。其主(zhu)要(yao)職能職責是:宣傳、貫徹執行國(guo)(guo)家(jia)有關自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)法(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)規(gui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)方針政(zheng)策;編(bian)制保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)總體。規(gui)劃(hua)、建(jian)(jian)設(she)發(fa)展規(gui)劃(hua)以及各項管理(li)制度(du),并(bing)經規(gui)定程序審批后組(zu)織實施(shi);保(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)管理(li)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing),組(zu)織開(kai)展森林防火和(he)(he)(he)(he)森林病蟲害防治,調查自(zi)然(ran)(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)并(bing)建(jian)(jian)立檔案(an),保(bao)存和(he)(he)(he)(he)拯救區(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)珍貴稀有生物物種,組(zu)織開(kai)展科(ke)(ke)學(xue)研(yan)究活(huo)動和(he)(he)(he)(he)生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)監測,依法(fa)(fa)查處破壞保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)違(wei)規(gui)、違(wei)法(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)犯罪行為(wei),在不(bu)影響自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)生態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)前提下(xia),組(zu)織開(kai)展參觀、旅(lv)游(you)等(deng)活(huo)動。
自(zi)2014年8月15日設(she)立以來(lai),湖(hu)南(nan)金(jin)童山(shan)國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區管(guan)理(li)處(chu)多舉(ju)措加強了管(guan)理(li)工作,完(wan)成了保護區科考工作和生物多樣性(xing)可(ke)行研究報告(gao),編制(zhi)(zhi)了保護區管(guan)理(li)計劃,制(zhi)(zhi)定和完(wan)善了相關管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),多方位加大宣(xuan)傳力度(du),主動(dong)加強了與各相關單位和部門(men)聯(lian)系(xi),爭取(qu)了有(you)力的(de)工作支持,形(xing)成了“管(guan)理(li)處(chu)—林場—保護站(點(dian))”三級管(guan)理(li)模式共識。
2015年10月20日,湖南金童山國家(jia)級自然(ran)保護區管理處認真(zhen)貫徹(che)落實省市秋冬(dong)季森林(lin)防火會議精神,深入金童山片區和明竹老(lao)山片區開展森林(lin)防火工作(zuo)督查。