該(gai)保護區(qu)地理位置為(wei):東經126°35′~128°02′,北緯42°06′~43°51′。總面積(ji)約(yue)114.5萬(wan)(wan)公頃(qing)。其(qi)中林(lin)(lin)地82.3萬(wan)(wan)公頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)總面積(ji)71.9%;水(shui)域5.7萬(wan)(wan)公頃(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)總面積(ji)的5.0%。三湖保護區(qu)地處長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)余脈(mo)(mo)。四面環山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),西面是(shi)吉林(lin)(lin)哈(ha)達嶺(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo),北面是(shi)老爺嶺(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo),東面是(shi)威(wei)虎嶺(ling)(ling)和黃泥(ni)嶺(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo),南(nan)(nan)面是(shi)老嶺(ling)(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)。地勢東南(nan)(nan)高(gao)西北低(di)。地貌(mao)多為(wei)中(高(gao))山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)?低(di)(丘)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)?崗(gang)(臺(tai))川類。其(qi)面積(ji)比例大(da)致為(wei)七山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)二崗(gang)一川。境(jing)內(nei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巒起伏,綿延不斷,溝壑縱橫(heng),異峰突(tu)兀。海(hai)拔(ba)800米以上的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰有80余座,其(qi)最高(gao)為(wei)南(nan)(nan)樓山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔(ba)1404.8米,在樺甸市常山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)境(jing)內(nei);最低(di)為(wei)豐滿壩下,海(hai)拔(ba)約(yue)190米。該(gai)地區(qu)地質構成多為(wei)玄(xuan)武巖、石灰巖、土壤(rang)類型(xing)為(wei)暗棕壤(rang)、白漿土、草甸土、棕色森林(lin)(lin)土、泥(ni)炭土等。
三湖保護區處(chu)于(yu)北(bei)溫(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣候區內(nei)。四季(ji)(ji)分明(ming),年(nian)(nian)(nian)、日(ri)較差大。春季(ji)(ji)干燥(zao)多風(feng)?夏季(ji)(ji)溫(wen)熱多雨(yu)?秋季(ji)(ji)晴爽?冬季(ji)(ji)嚴寒(han)?年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)在(zai)1.9℃~4.4℃之間(jian)?極(ji)端(duan)高溫(wen)36.6℃,極(ji)端(duan)低溫(wen)-45℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)≥10℃積(ji)溫(wen)為(wei)1900℃~2800℃,并呈由(you)南(nan)至北(bei)增(zeng)加(jia)趨勢?年(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)照時數2350~2450小時?年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水量(liang)由(you)南(nan)向北(bei)略有減少(shao),為(wei)834~673毫米之間(jian)。無霜期(qi)大致為(wei)110~130天。一月平均(jun)氣溫(wen)約(yue)為(wei)-18℃,七月平均(jun)氣溫(wen)約(yue)為(wei)20℃左右(you)。該區夏季(ji)(ji)盛行西南(nan)風(feng),冬季(ji)(ji)盛行西北(bei)風(feng)。
保護區(qu)由(you)于受到三個(ge)湖泊及(ji)森林等因(yin)素(su)影響(xiang),又具有湖泊氣(qi)候(hou)、谷地氣(qi)候(hou)和森林氣(qi)候(hou)的復合特征。