芒果视频

基本信息

成立時間

1996年經吉林省人民政府批復(fu)建立(li)省級自(zi)然保護區，2002年經中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)務院(yuan)批復(fu)成立(li)了天佛指山國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然保護區。是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)第一個珍貴食用(yong)菌(jun)類的自(zi)然保護區。

保護區類型

屬自(zi)然(ran)生態系統類型與野生生物類型。

保護對象

北溫(wen)帶(dai)森林系統中特有的赤松—蒙古櫟森林生(sheng)態系統。

地理位置

天佛指山國家級(ji)自(zi)然(ran)保護區位于吉林(lin)省東南部，延邊(bian)朝鮮族自(zi)治州龍(long)井(jing)市境內，距龍(long)井(jing)市10。2公里。

地理坐標

東(dong)經129°16′～129°46′，北(bei)緯42°23′～42°41′。

保護區范圍

保護(hu)區東(dong)部和南部與(yu)朝(chao)鮮隔江相望，北(bei)部與(yu)龍井市(shi)(shi)的(de)德新鄉(xiang)(xiang)、光新鄉(xiang)(xiang)、開山屯鎮(zhen)相接，西(xi)部與(yu)和龍市(shi)(shi)毗鄰(lin)。行政(zheng)范圍包(bao)括龍井市(shi)(shi)五個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)，總面積77317公(gong)頃，松茸生長分布區面積32000公(gong)頃。

保護區面積

總面積77317公頃(qing)(qing)，其中核心區(qu)17577公頃(qing)(qing)，緩沖區(qu)10998公頃(qing)(qing)，實驗區(qu)48742公頃(qing)(qing)。

簡介

天佛指山自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于吉林省延邊朝鮮(xian)族自(zi)治州龍(long)(long)井市(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)域內，距(ju)龍(long)(long)井市(shi)(shi)10.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)里，東部(bu)(bu)和南(nan)部(bu)(bu)與(yu)朝鮮(xian)隔江相(xiang)望，北部(bu)(bu)與(yu)龍(long)(long)井市(shi)(shi)德新鄉(xiang)(xiang)、光(guang)(guang)新鄉(xiang)(xiang)、開山屯鎮(zhen)相(xiang)連，西部(bu)(bu)與(yu)和龍(long)(long)市(shi)(shi)毗(pi)鄰。包(bao)括龍(long)(long)井市(shi)(shi)的白金鄉(xiang)(xiang)、三合(he)鎮(zhen)、智(zhi)新鎮(zhen)和光(guang)(guang)新鄉(xiang)(xiang)、開山屯鎮(zhen)的一部(bu)(bu)分。總面積(ji)77 317公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，其(qi)中核(he)心區(qu)(qu)17 577公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，緩沖區(qu)(qu)10 998公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，實驗區(qu)(qu)48 742公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。該(gai)(gai)區(qu)(qu)林業用地74 733公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，總蓄積(ji)量448.3萬(wan)立方(fang)米。該(gai)(gai)區(qu)(qu)為溫帶(dai)大陸性(xing)半濕潤季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候，年平均氣(qi)溫5.2℃，年降水量550～700毫米，無霜期(qi)120天左右。該(gai)(gai)區(qu)(qu)屬長白山山脈，海拔170～1 331米。土壤(rang)母質為花(hua)崗巖(yan)(yan)、沙巖(yan)(yan)、頁巖(yan)(yan)風(feng)化物。土壤(rang)類(lei)型主(zhu)要為薄層(ceng)酸性(xing)巖(yan)(yan)森林灰棕壤(rang)，還有暗棕壤(rang)、草甸土、白漿土等，是天然松(song)茸和赤松(song)林生長的棲息地。

吉林天佛指山國家級自然保護區地處龍井市境內，東南部與朝鮮隔圖們江相望，邊境線長132公里。該區以保護松茸為主，天佛指山(shan)主，還(huan)有野(ye)豬、狍子、黑熊、山(shan)兔、松雞(ji)、啄(zhuo)木(mu)鳥、云雀(que)、赤松、水曲柳等珍貴動植物。

松(song)(song)茸(rong)具有(you)很高的食用價值和醫療保健價值，營養豐富，是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)然綠色(se)食品(pin)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)井天(tian)佛指(zhi)山生長的松(song)(song)茸(rong)，以(yi)其個頭大(da)(da)、肉質細、色(se)澤好(hao)、味道香、質地優良而居中國(guo)(guo)松(song)(song)茸(rong)之首。日本、韓國(guo)(guo)有(you)關專家普遍認為，龍(long)井天(tian)佛指(zhi)山的松(song)(song)茸(rong)質量(liang)最佳，是(shi)(shi)(shi)在日本、韓國(guo)(guo)市場唯一高價收購的松(song)(song)茸(rong)。自1980年開始往日本、韓國(guo)(guo)出口松(song)(song)茸(rong)以(yi)來(lai)，即為中國(guo)(guo)創(chuang)造了(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)外匯，又(you)為當地農民開辟了(le)一條致富之路。

在保護區(qu)內，有美麗的自然景觀，傳統(tong)的朝鮮族民(min)居(ju)和(he)奇(qi)異(yi)的邊境風光，吸引了大批中外(wai)游客。

自然狀況

地質地貌

天佛(fo)指(zhi)山(shan)保護區(qu)地(di)處長白山(shan)脈東麓，海拔高(gao)度為(wei)(wei)170-1331米(mi)。山(shan)高(gao)谷深(shen)、坡度陡峭。區(qu)內(nei)最高(gao)的三個山(shan)峰(feng)(feng)是(shi)昆(kun)石列山(shan)、天佛(fo)指(zhi)山(shan)、老(lao)龍八(ba)山(shan)，其海拔高(gao)分別為(wei)(wei)1331米(mi)、1226米(mi)和1107米(mi)。東北(bei)、西南(nan)走(zou)向的大脈山(shan)、天佛(fo)指(zhi)山(shan)、昆(kun)石列山(shan)、老(lao)龍八(ba)山(shan)、郭將峰(feng)(feng)山(shan)一線(xian)是(shi)該區(qu)分水(shui)嶺(ling)。分水(shui)嶺(ling)北(bei)側有四條大型溝壑(he)，南(nan)側有三條大型溝壑(he)，峰(feng)(feng)頂谷底高(gao)差(cha)大，海拔高(gao)度700米(mi)以上。雄偉壯觀、巖石怪異，構成了本區(qu)獨特(te)的地(di)貌(mao)景觀。

氣候

本區(qu)屬于(yu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶大陸(lu)性半濕潤(run)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)氣候(hou)。其特點春季(ji)(ji)(ji)干(gan)旱多(duo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)，夏季(ji)(ji)(ji) 溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)熱(re)多(duo)雨，秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)天高氣爽，冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷少雪。無霜期120天左右(you)，年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)5。2C，極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度-34。8℃，極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)高氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)36。5℃。海(hai)拔(ba)500米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)地帶有效(xiao)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2400℃-2600℃；海(hai)拔(ba)800米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)地帶，有效(xiao)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1800℃—2000℃；海(hai)拔(ba)1100米(mi)(mi)(mi)左右(you)地帶，有效(xiao)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1400℃—1600℃，年(nian)降水量550毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)—700毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，多(duo)集(ji)中在6-9月，占全年(nian)降水量的60%。且呈現(xian)出(chu)雨、光、熱(re)同(tong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)特征，主導(dao)風(feng)(feng)(feng)向春季(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)南風(feng)(feng)(feng)，最(zui)(zui)大風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)4。75米(mi)(mi)(mi)/s，秋(qiu)冬(dong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)西北風(feng)(feng)(feng)最(zui)(zui)大風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)7。56米(mi)(mi)(mi)/s，年(nian)平均封凍(dong)日150天，平均冰厚(hou)0。6—0。8米(mi)(mi)(mi)。

土壤

本區土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)母(mu)質為花崗巖(yan)(yan)、沙巖(yan)(yan)、頁巖(yan)(yan)風化物。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型主要是酸性巖(yan)(yan)森林灰棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)，此外還有暗棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)、白漿土(tu)、草甸土(tu)、沼澤土(tu)、泥炭土(tu)、沖積土(tu)等，這些土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中酸性巖(yan)(yan)森林灰棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)透水性好，PH值為5。0左(zuo)右(you)，偏酸性是赤松(song)(song)林生長的(de)最(zui)佳條件，因此也是松(song)(song)茸主要蘊藏帶。

河流湖泊

本區(qu)(qu)水(shui)力(li)資源十分(fen)豐富，屬(shu)圖(tu)(tu)們江水(shui)系，發源于(yu)長白山主峰(feng)將軍峰(feng)之東(dong)麓，自和龍市流入貫穿保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)境(jing)內(nei)110公里。經白金(jin)、富裕、三合出境(jing)，流域面積(ji)達(da)1650公頃(qing)，區(qu)(qu)內(nei)水(shui)系呈樹狀分(fen)布，構成(cheng)較密的水(shui)網，流程5公里以上的河(he)流有29條(tiao)。主要(yao)支流有山溪溝、大東(dong)溝、下馬(ma)來(lai)溝、西來(lai)和安(an)民臺(tai)溝，全部流入圖(tu)(tu)們江。近200條(tiao)小(xiao)溝屬(shu)季節(jie)性河(he)流，除(chu)春(chun)和夏訊外，一般(ban)呈斷流狀態。

海(hai)蘭(lan)(lan)河支流區內(nei)勇新(xin)(xin)溝、樺田溝、遠東溝、六道河水全(quan)部流入海(hai)蘭(lan)(lan)河，集(ji)水面積達164平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)。保護區內(nei)有2座水庫(ku)，其(qi)中大(da)新(xin)(xin)水庫(ku)水源(yuan)為(wei)海(hai)蘭(lan)(lan)河支流，地(di)(di)表水比較豐富，水資源(yuan)總量(liang)(liang)為(wei)10877。5立(li)方(fang)米，一部分來自天然降水的(de)占40%，其(qi)凈流總量(liang)(liang)為(wei)10831。4萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)米，地(di)(di)下水多以花崗(gang)巖網狀裂隙水為(wei)主，從泄流泉形成排泄于溝谷，地(di)(di)下水徑流量(liang)(liang)為(wei)5萬(wan)噸/年平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)，資源(yuan)總量(liang)(liang)為(wei)385175萬(wan)平(ping)方(fang)米。

資源

植被資源

天佛指山(shan)天佛指山(shan)自然植被屬典型(xing)的(de)長白山(shan)植物區(qu)系，海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)度相(xiang)差(cha)懸(xuan)殊，具明顯的(de)垂直分布特征。按海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)度可分為四個(ge)野生植物類(lei)型(xing)，即(ji)山(shan)頂(ding)岳樺、白樺林(lin)+亞(ya)高(gao)山(shan)草(cao)本植物類(lei)型(xing)區(qu)；海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1000-1331米之間(jian)，魚鱗云杉、臭冷杉針(zhen)闊混交林(lin)+亞(ya)高(gao)山(shan)草(cao)本植物類(lei)型(xing)區(qu)；海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)500-1000米之間(jian)，紅松、赤松、臭冷杉針(zhen)葉闊混交林(lin)+草(cao)本植物類(lei)型(xing)區(qu)；海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)500米以(yi)下的(de)低山(shan)區(qu)，赤松、蒙古櫟+草(cao)本植物類(lei)型(xing)區(qu)。據東北(bei)師本環(huan)科學院調查，此(ci)區(qu)域內植物資源十分豐(feng)富，約(yue)近千種，其中：真菌門(men)(men)4科76種，蕨類(lei)15科47種，裸子植物門(men)(men)2科18種，被子植物門(men)(men)75科412種。

按用(yong)(yong)途分類，藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物72科(ke)(ke)(ke)289種(zhong)，食(shi)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物39科(ke)(ke)(ke)216種(zhong)，蜜(mi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物38科(ke)(ke)(ke)185種(zhong)，工業原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物40科(ke)(ke)(ke)17種(zhong)，香料(liao)(liao)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物28科(ke)(ke)(ke)75種(zhong)；染料(liao)(liao)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物10科(ke)(ke)(ke)22種(zhong)，觀賞植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物32科(ke)(ke)(ke)54種(zhong)，建筑用(yong)(yong)喬木(mu)20多(duo)種(zhong)。主(zhu)要針(zhen)葉樹種(zhong)有(you)赤松(song)、沙(sha)松(song)、臭松(song)、魚鱗松(song)、紅(hong)松(song)等(deng)；闊葉樹種(zhong)有(you)胡(hu)桃楸、黃蘋蘿、水曲柳、楊、樺、椴、槭(qi)、柞等(deng)；主(zhu)要藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物有(you)黨參(can)(can)、黃芪、五味子(zi)、刺五加(jia)、東北(bei)雷公藤、細辛、桔梗、苦(ku)參(can)(can)、獼猴(hou)(hou)桃等(deng)；主(zhu)要食(shi)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物有(you)松(song)茸(rong)、木(mu)耳、蕨菜、榛蘑、龍芽蔥(cong)木(mu)、山芹、猴(hou)(hou)頭等(deng)。保護(hu)區內有(you)8種(zhong)國家級瀕危保護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，即松(song)茸(rong)、紅(hong)松(song)、野生參(can)(can)、胡(hu)桃楸、野大豆、紫椴仃、水曲柳和黃檗(bo)。

松(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)具(ju)(ju)有很高(gao)的(de)食用(yong)價值和(he)醫(yi)療保(bao)健價值，營(ying)養豐富。松(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)還(huan)具(ju)(ju)有強(qiang)身、驅蟲、止痛(tong)及理氣化(hua)痰等功能和(he)抗癌(ai)作(zuo)用(yong)。保(bao)護區成(cheng)立后，制(zhi)定了一系列長(chang)(chang)、短期規(gui)(gui)劃和(he)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)措施，對松(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)資源進行(xing)了統(tong)一管理，對松(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)生長(chang)(chang)地實行(xing)了承包(bao)經營(ying)與規(gui)(gui)范化(hua)管理。使森林生態、資源得到了恢(hui)復和(he)發展(zhan)，松(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)質(zhi)量、數量有了明顯提高(gao)，為(wei)松(song)(song)茸(rong)(rong)的(de)保(bao)護、科研、開發和(he)利用(yong)創造了良好的(de)條件。

森林資源

保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)77317公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，主(zhu)要針葉(xie)樹種(zhong)為赤松，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)性(xing)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)植被是(shi)以赤松為主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)針闊混交(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)。其(qi)中：有(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)68218公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)88。3%；疏(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)1309公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)1。7%；灌木林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)3411公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)4。4%；未成林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)造林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1003公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)1。3%；草地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、采伐跡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、沼澤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)無林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3376公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)， 占(zhan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)4。3%。本區(qu)(qu)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋(gai)率(lv)88。3%。活立(li)(li)木總(zong)蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)448。33萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米。其(qi)中：有(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)446。2萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米，疏(shu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)2。1萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米，散(san)生木蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)0。037立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米。有(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)中，天然林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)所占(zhan)比重較大(da)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)59569公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)401。9萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米，分別占(zhan)有(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和有(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)87。3%和90。1%；其(qi)次是(shi)人工林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)8649公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)43。4萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米，分別占(zhan)有(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和有(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)12。7%和9。9%。

野生動物資源

天(tian)佛指山自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)風景秀麗(li)、人煙(yan)稀少、村屯分散、水草茂密，野生動物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu)。其中，鳥類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群已記(ji)錄到14目36科(ke)(ke)59屬91種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；動物(wu)(wu)有(you)5目10科(ke)(ke)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；爬行類(lei)2科(ke)(ke)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；兩(liang)棲類(lei)類(lei)6科(ke)(ke)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；魚類(lei)8目13科(ke)(ke)近38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內有(you)中國國家重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護I級(ji)(ji)野生動物(wu)(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即紫貂；中國國家重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)野生動物(wu)(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即黑熊、猞猁、鴛鴦、燕(yan)隼(sun)(sun)、紅腳(jiao)隼(sun)(sun)、紅隼(sun)(sun)、花尾榛雞、長尾林鶚、短耳鶚、鶚、鳶、鵲鷂等；珍稀魚類(lei)有(you)大(da)麻哈魚、斑頭魚、日本七鰣鰻(man)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

該(gai)區(qu)水(shui)系發達，呈樹冠狀分布，水(shui)網密集。該(gai)區(qu)內(nei)植(zhi)物(wu)資源416種(zhong)(zhong)84科；鳥類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)較(jiao)多，有(you)89種(zhong)(zhong)36科；爬行(xing)類(lei)、兩棲類(lei)動物(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)。該(gai)區(qu)珍稀瀕危物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)豐富，有(you)中(zhong)國國家(jia)Ⅰ級保護植(zhi)物(wu)野山參，中(zhong)國國家(jia)Ⅱ級保護植(zhi)物(wu)松茸、紅(hong)松、紫椴(duan)、胡桃楸、野大豆、水(shui)曲柳和黃檗(bo)；中(zhong)國國家(jia)Ⅰ級保護動物(wu)紫貂，中(zhong)國國家(jia)Ⅱ級保護動物(wu)黑熊、猞猁、鴛鴦、燕隼、紅(hong)腳隼、花尾(wei)榛雞等。

開發保護

隨(sui)著日本、韓國(guo)市場(chang)對松茸(rong)需求量(liang)的增大，高價(jia)位(wei)的松茸(rong)引來了無(wu)數采挖者，松茸(rong)主(zhu)產地天佛指山林區(qu)隨(sui)之遭到(dao)重創，各種毀滅(mie)式采掘(jue)松茸(rong)的手段(duan)致(zhi)使林區(qu)破壞，松茸(rong)資源瀕臨滅(mie)絕。松茸(rong)年(nian)產量(liang)由20世紀80年(nian)代的100余噸銳(rui)減(jian)到(dao)1995年(nian)的十幾(ji)噸。

1996年，吉(ji)林省建立龍井天(tian)佛指(zhi)山松(song)茸(rong)(rong)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)，成(cheng)立保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)管理局。由于松(song)茸(rong)(rong)成(cheng)體“壽命(ming)”短，從破土而出到腐(fu)爛(lan)只有(you)十(shi)幾天(tian)的(de)(de)時(shi)間，若不及(ji)時(shi)采集，就會(hui)白白浪費資源；加(jia)上當(dang)地(di)朝鮮族群眾素來(lai)有(you)上山采集松(song)茸(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)習慣，處(chu)理好松(song)茸(rong)(rong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)與利用的(de)(de)關系必(bi)須采取(qu)針對性(xing)強的(de)(de)措施。

1997年(nian)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)在核心區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)外區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域推(tui)行(xing)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)，將松(song)茸生(sheng)長(chang)地(di)(di)劃(hua)塊(kuai)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)給(gei)居住(zhu)在保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內的(de)(de)農(nong)民。承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)合(he)同對保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)權(quan)利(li)、責(ze)任(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)義(yi)務做了(le)明確規定(ding)：承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)需繳納承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)費用，享有(you)(you)(you)在承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)地(di)(di)塊(kuai)采(cai)集(ji)松(song)茸的(de)(de)權(quan)利(li)，并承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)擔(dan)護(hu)(hu)林防火、林地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)義(yi)務。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)負責(ze)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)地(di)(di)塊(kuai)巡護(hu)(hu)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)，同時向(xiang)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)提供(gong)技術(shu)咨詢和(he)(he)政(zheng)策(ce)服(fu)務，對違規的(de)(de)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)可取消其(qi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)權(quan)。合(he)同承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)期限為(wei)10——15年(nian)，充分調動了(le)方(fang)方(fang)面面的(de)(de)積極性，使松(song)茸資源保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)與(yu)開發工作發生(sheng)了(le)深(shen)刻變(bian)化。承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)后農(nong)民的(de)(de)經濟(ji)利(li)益與(yu)林地(di)(di)安危休戚相(xiang)關，如今一(yi)有(you)(you)(you)森林火情，農(nong)民主動上山協同林業(ye)部門撲(pu)滅火災。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)工作得到了(le)地(di)(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府的(de)(de)大力支持。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)將75%的(de)(de)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)費交給(gei)地(di)(di)方(fang)政(zheng)府，增加(jia)了(le)財政(zheng)收入。松(song)茸的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)序(xu)收購(gou)又(you)為(wei)當地(di)(di)培植(zhi)涵(han)養了(le)稅源。一(yi)方(fang)面，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)從(cong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)中獲得了(le)可觀的(de)(de)收益，這筆(bi)經費既解決了(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)費用短(duan)缺的(de)(de)矛(mao)盾，又(you)為(wei)松(song)茸的(de)(de)馴化栽(zai)培研究(jiu)、推(tui)廣科研成(cheng)果提供(gong)了(le)資金保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障。另一(yi)方(fang)面，通過推(tui)行(xing)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)制(zhi)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)成(cheng)功地(di)(di)將過去(qu)的(de)(de)資源破壞者變(bian)成(cheng)了(le)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內管(guan)(guan)護(hu)(hu)工作的(de)(de)同盟(meng)軍，無形(xing)中壯大了(le)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)隊(dui)伍。

由于(yu)采取(qu)行之(zhi)有效的(de)(de)管理(li)措施，使松(song)茸的(de)(de)保護與利(li)用工(gong)作走上了良性(xing)發(fa)展軌(gui)道，并獲(huo)得了明顯的(de)(de)生態效益和經濟效益，保護區的(de)(de)松(song)茸年產量(liang)已經達到30余噸。