芒果视频

歷史沿革

保護區始建于1994年，2001年(nian)經(jing)江西省人民政府(fu)批準(zhun)晉升為(wei)省級(ji)自然(ran)保護區(qu)，2008年(nian)經(jing)國務(wu)院(yuan)批準(zhun)晉升為(wei)國家級(ji)自然(ran)保護區(qu)。

地理環境

地理位置

保(bao)護區(qu)位于江西省資溪縣的東北部，地處武(wu)夷山(shan)脈中段，閩贛交界的武(wu)夷山(shan)脈西麓(lu)，地理坐標為東經117°09'11"-117'18"，北緯(wei)27°40'50"-27°53'52"。?

東(dong)(dong)由與(yu)(yu)福(fu)建省交(jiao)界的野雞頂起，向(xiang)(xiang)南至觀音尖(jian)，再至南邊的1224米山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰，沿(yan)東(dong)(dong)港與(yu)(yu)南港分水(shui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)到西邊的月(yue)峰山(shan)(shan)(shan)，向(xiang)(xiang)北沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)至東(dong)(dong)源橋頭，跨昌坪河到高阜尖(jian)至東(dong)(dong)坑村后山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)，沿(yan)東(dong)(dong)南方向(xiang)(xiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)到五臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，轉(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)(dong)沿(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脊(ji)(ji)至黃茅寨(zhai)小路向(xiang)(xiang)北，至與(yu)(yu)貴(gui)溪縣(xian)交(jiao)界的香臺(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，再沿(yan)資(zi)溪、貴(gui)溪縣(xian)界向(xiang)(xiang)東(dong)(dong)到與(yu)(yu)福(fu)建交(jiao)界點向(xiang)(xiang)南回(hui)到東(dong)(dong)面(mian)與(yu)(yu)福(fu)建交(jiao)界的野雞頂止。

地形地貌

馬(ma)頭山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)地(di)(di)貌(mao)大致具有盆嶺相間(jian)，棋盤格(ge)(ge)狀展(zhan)布之格(ge)(ge)局(ju).大多為(wei)燕山期花崗巖(yan)，土(tu)壤為(wei)花崗巖(yan)風化形成的山地(di)(di)紅壤，山地(di)(di)黃紅壤和山地(di)(di)黃壤，以及小(xiao)范圍的山地(di)(di)草甸土(tu)。

氣候特征

氣候屬亞熱帶濕潤季(ji)風氣候，年均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)16～18℃，年均(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)192919mm，相對濕度83%。年均(jun)(jun)輻射量(liang)為10069711/cm2，年均(jun)(jun)日照為159716小時，年均(jun)(jun)霜期270天(tian)，年均(jun)(jun)霧日88天(tian)。

保護對象

森林資源

保護區(qu)(qu)位于武夷山脈(mo)中(zhong)段腹地(di)，森林(lin)植(zhi)被以天然常綠(lv)闊(kuo)葉林(lin)為主，森林(lin)覆蓋率達96.3%，生(sheng)態(tai)環境優良(liang)，生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性豐(feng)富。區(qu)(qu)內有高(gao)等植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)275科(ke)1005屬2483種，陸生(sheng)脊椎動物(wu)(wu)27目91科(ke)387種。

馬頭山自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區保(bao)(bao)存有較大范圍的原生性較強(qiang)的天然常綠(lv)闊葉(xie)林(lin)，生物(wu)(wu)多(duo)樣性極為豐富。高等植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)約2500種，其中屬國家重點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)名錄(lu)(第(di)一(yi)批)有20余種，長葉(xie)榧(Torreyajackii)和蛛網(wang)萼(e)(Platycraterargnta)，江西僅在此有分布。

動物資源

其中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)(dian)保護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生植物(wu)(wu)有(you)20種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)(dian)保護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)54種(zhong)(zhong)。保護(hu)區主要保護(hu)對象(xiang)為美毛含笑、蛛網萼、伯(bo)樂樹(shu)等大面積的珍稀植物(wu)(wu)原生種(zhong)(zhong)群，其中(zhong)屬國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)(dian)保護(hu)植物(wu)(wu)長葉(xie)榧(Torreyajackii)、蛛網萼(Platycraterargnta)為保護(hu)區全(quan)省特有(you)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)。還有(you)南方(fang)紅豆杉、福建柏、天然杉木(mu)、伯(bo)樂樹(shu)、莼菜、報春苣苔、白頸(jing)長尾(wei)雉、黃腹(fu)角雉、云豹、獼猴、黑(hei)熊等珍稀野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)。

藥用資源

有(you)(you)豐富的野(ye)生攀(pan)緣植物(wu)資源， 通過(guo)野(ye)外采集及(ji)標本的整理鑒定，初步確認該區(qu)(qu)共(gong)有(you)(you)攀(pan)緣植物(wu)40科92屬222種(包括種下等(deng)級)。根據對馬頭山(shan)攀(pan)緣植物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)分析的結(jie)果，該區(qu)(qu)攀(pan)緣植物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)具有(you)(you)以(yi)下特征(zheng)：(1)種類組成(cheng)豐富，地理成(cheng)分復雜；(2)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)中熱帶性地理成(cheng)分占主導(dao)地位；(3)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)成(cheng)分相對古老，特有(you)(you)類群豐富，多型性突出(chu)；(4)華東區(qu)(qu)系(xi)特征(zheng)明顯。

藥用(yong)植物(wu)資源分(fen)布

初步查明馬(ma)頭山自然保護區(qu)內有(you)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1647種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)231科759屬(shu)，其中(zhong)裸子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為13種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)8科13屬(shu)，被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1483種(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)161科653屬(shu)。區(qu)內常用(yong)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)為187種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)真菌29種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)苔蘚27種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)蕨類88種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1494種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)珍稀瀕危植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)62種(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)特有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)，江(jiang)西地理記錄新(xin)分布(bu)8種(zhong)(zhong)。

（1）常(chang)用中藥植物

江西是中(zhong)國中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)主要(yao)產區之一，收(shou)購使用的(de)(de)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)有(you)342種，而保護區內的(de)(de)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)就有(you)187種(《中(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)典》2000年版收(shou)載的(de)(de))。數量較多的(de)(de)有(you)銀杏，側柏，厚樸(pu)，烏藥(yao)(yao)，仙(xian)(xian)鶴草，金櫻子(zi)，葛(ge)，忍冬，旌節花，吳(wu)茱萸，女貞，絡石(shi)，梔子(zi)，鉤藤(teng)(teng)，烏頭，威靈仙(xian)(xian)，大血(xue)藤(teng)(teng)，半夏，白(bai)及等。

（2）藥用真菌(jun)植物

馬(ma)頭(tou)山(shan)自然保護區(qu)鑒定了的真(zhen)(zhen)菌(jun)有(you)91種(zhong)，其中29種(zhong)為藥用(yong)真(zhen)(zhen)菌(jun)，如(ru)銀(yin)耳(er)，黑(hei)木耳(er)，靈(ling)芝(zhi)，茯(fu)(fu)苓，香菇，紫(zi)紅菇，絨紫(zi)紅菇，菱紅菇，側耳(er)，竹蓀等。靈(ling)芝(zhi)，銀(yin)耳(er)，黑(hei)木耳(er)，茯(fu)(fu)苓為常用(yong)中藥，在(zai)臨床上具有(you)較好的治(zhi)療效果。此外，許多種(zhong)類是(shi)食(shi)藥兩用(yong)的真(zhen)(zhen)菌(jun)，如(ru)潔麗(li)香菇，硬毛香菇，松乳菇，毛木耳(er)等種(zhong)。

（3）藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)江西省蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)433種(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)114屬(shu)49科，其中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)為(wei)(wei)195種(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)84屬(shu)45科。馬頭(tou)山自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)的蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)共有(you)(you)142種(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)62屬(shu)30科，其中(zhong)(zhong)《中(zhong)(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)典》，《中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)志(zhi)》所收載的常(chang)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)8種(zhong)(zhong)，它們分別為(wei)(wei)石(shi)松，紫萁，海(hai)金沙，烏蕨(jue)，野(ye)雞尾，石(shi)韋，卷柏，槲(hu)蕨(jue)等。214藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)馬頭(tou)山自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)內的藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有(you)(you)1494種(zhong)(zhong)(包括(kuo)常(chang)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)，特有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)，珍(zhen)稀瀕危種(zhong)(zhong)，新分布等)，其中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)，雙(shuang)子(zi)(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)1294種(zhong)(zhong)，單子(zi)(zi)葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)106種(zhong)(zhong)。?

（4）藥(yao)用(yong)珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)保護區內除(chu)具有(you)豐(feng)富的中藥(yao)及藥(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，藥(yao)用(yong)蕨(jue)類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)等資源(yuan)外，尚有(you)許多種(zhong)(zhong)珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，其中有(you)相當部分(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)為(wei)藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，區內共有(you)藥(yao)用(yong)珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)(bin)危(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)62種(zhong)(zhong)，它們分(fen)別(bie)是(shi)鵝掌(zhang)楸，乳源(yuan)木蓮，東(dong)方(fang)古柯，青(qing)牛(niu)膽，扯(che)根草，半蒴苣苔，福建(jian)柏(bo)，短梗(geng)大參/花葉(xie)開唇蘭，石斛等種(zhong)(zhong)。保護區內繁多的野生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)中，有(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)特有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，隸屬12屬13科，均為(wei)藥(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)，分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)銀杏，臘梅，亮葉(xie)臘梅，喜樹(shu)，青(qing)錢柳，杜仲，枸杞，華紫(zi)珠，老鴉(ya)糊，廣(guang)東(dong)紫(zi)珠，長(chang)柄紫(zi)。

藥用植物資源

馬頭山自然保護區(qu)(qu)內1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)隸屬(shu)(shu)231科759屬(shu)(shu)，分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型廣泛，分(fen)屬(shu)(shu)14個分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)型和16個分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)變型[8]，單(dan)(dan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)，單(dan)(dan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科約有(you)10個，其(qi)中常(chang)用(yong)(yong)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)為187種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(均為《中國藥(yao)(yao)(yao)典(dian)》2000年版(ban)收載)，尚有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)繁多的(de)民間草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。從資源的(de)分(fen)類(lei)(lei)群(qun)及性狀(zhuang)組成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)析，1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)藻類(lei)(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)真菌類(lei)(lei)29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)地衣類(lei)(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)苔(tai)蘚27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)蕨類(lei)(lei)88種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雙子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1296種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，單(dan)(dan)子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)106種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。草(cao)本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1002種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，木(mu)本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)423種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藤本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)157種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。區(qu)(qu)內復雜的(de)自然條(tiao)件為藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)生長發育提供了不同的(de)生態(tai)環(huan)境。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源十分(fen)豐富，共(gong)有(you)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1647種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為1496種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)(shu)666屬(shu)(shu)169科。同樣，區(qu)(qu)內藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)十分(fen)豐富。

馬頭山(shan)自然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)內分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植物共(gong)有(you)(you)174科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，其中(zhong)熱帶性科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為92科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)5219%；溫帶性科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為23科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)1312%；世(shi)界分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)為41科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)2316%；東(dong)(dong)亞(ya)和(he)東(dong)(dong)亞(ya)2北美間斷分(fen)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)14科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)8105%；中(zhong)國(guo)特有(you)(you)分(fen)布(bu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，占總(zong)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)213%。在174科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)中(zhong)，含54～73種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，分(fen)別(bie)為菊科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)73種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，豆科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，薔(qiang)薇科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。含30～42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，分(fen)別(bie)是禾本科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)42種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，唇形(xing)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，百合科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，茜草(cao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。含20～26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)8科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)，分(fen)別(bie)是樟(zhang)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蘭(lan)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，馬鞭(bian)草(cao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，大戟(ji)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，山(shan)茶(cha)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，蓼科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)21種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，葡(pu)萄(tao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，傘形(xing)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。412屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析(xi)根據(ju)吳征鎰的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植物的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)類系統，馬頭山(shan)自然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)用(yong)植物的(de)(de)(de)666屬(shu)，歸屬(shu)于14個(ge)(ge)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)類型(xing)(xing)和(he)16個(ge)(ge)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)變型(xing)(xing)。除中(zhong)亞(ya)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)類型(xing)(xing)外，馬頭山(shan)自然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)用(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植物屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)類型(xing)(xing)包(bao)括(kuo)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)所有(you)(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)類型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)布(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。

馬(ma)(ma)頭山(shan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)與世界各部分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)泛(fan)聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)及與熱帶區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)切聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)。熱帶分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)型(xing)占(zhan)優勢(shi)：馬(ma)(ma)頭山(shan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)熱帶性(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)316屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)4716%。東亞(ya)(ya)及東亞(ya)(ya)和北(bei)美(mei)洲間(jian)斷分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)型(xing)突出：在馬(ma)(ma)頭山(shan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)東亞(ya)(ya)及東亞(ya)(ya)2北(bei)美(mei)間(jian)斷分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)共(gong)計130屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)總(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)1916%，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)東亞(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)總(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)4315%。古老分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)型(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)明顯：保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)三尖(jian)杉(shan)，銀(yin)杏(xing)，南(nan)方紅豆(dou)杉(shan)，長葉榧樹等，為(wei)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)孓(jue)遺(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或第三，四紀殘遺(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。鵝掌楸(qiu)，青(qing)錢柳，伯樂(le)樹，楓香，臘梅等均為(wei)分(fen)(fen)(fen)類(lei)學殘遺(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)有(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)型(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)多：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)特(te)(te)有(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)257屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，在江(jiang)西分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)50屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)總(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)1117%，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)22屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)總(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)816%，占(zhan)江(jiang)西總(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)7313%。在馬(ma)(ma)頭山(shan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)共(gong)有(you)(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)特(te)(te)有(you)(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)12特(te)(te)有(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，占(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)總(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)4167%，占(zhan)江(jiang)西總(zong)(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)24%。413種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析在馬(ma)(ma)頭山(shan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)1494種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)古特(te)(te)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)新特(te)(te)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。非特(te)(te)有(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)熱帶性(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約有(you)(you)753種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于(yu)溫帶性(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約有(you)(you)349種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，世界性(xing)(xing)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約166種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，東亞(ya)(ya)和東亞(ya)(ya)2北(bei)美(mei)洲間(jian)斷分(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)約有(you)(you)208種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。從上述分(fen)(fen)(fen)析可見，在馬(ma)(ma)頭山(shan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)具有(you)(you)熱帶，亞(ya)(ya)熱帶性(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)質。

蜜源植物

保護區(qu)內(nei)的野生蜜(mi)(mi)源植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物資源十分豐富(fu)(fu)，主要蜜(mi)(mi)源植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物如杜鵑花(hua)屬(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，該類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物的蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)色淺，蜜(mi)(mi)質(zhi)優良，結(jie)晶乳白(bai)色，味甘甜純(chun)正(zheng)適口。夏季(ji)蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)源植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物如小果冬青，花(hua)多(duo)，泌(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)豐富(fu)(fu)，對蜜(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)有強烈的誘惑(huo)力，蜜(mi)(mi)淺琥珀色半透(tou)明(ming)，結(jie)晶乳白(bai)細膩，味純(chun)正(zheng)，甘甜，清香適口。秋季(ji)蜜(mi)(mi)源植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物如豆科(ke)的胡枝(zhi)子屬(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，開(kai)花(hua)泌(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)時(shi)間較(jiao)長(chang)，蜜(mi)(mi)淺琥珀色，結(jie)晶潔白(bai)，細膩如脂，氣味芳(fang)香，甜而不膩，質(zhi)優良。冬季(ji)蜜(mi)(mi)源植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物如山茶科(ke)柃(ling)屬(shu)的多(duo)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，其(qi)花(hua)香，泌(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)豐富(fu)(fu)，誘蜂(feng)力強，為冬季(ji)蜜(mi)(mi)源植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物的特(te)殊種(zhong)類，蜜(mi)(mi)水白(bai)透(tou)明(ming)，濃(nong)郁(yu)芳(fang)香，蜜(mi)(mi)質(zhi)優良。此外還(huan)有刺槐(huai)，柿，泡(pao)桐(tong)，山烏(wu)桕，椴樹，杜荊等多(duo)種(zhong)蜜(mi)(mi)源植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，這為發(fa)展本地區(qu)的養蜂(feng)業創造了良好的自然環(huan)境。

植物色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)素作為食品著色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)劑(ji)和紡織染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)原料已被廣泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，如殼斗科的多穗(sui)柯(ke)葉中(zhong)(zhong)富(fu)含棕色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)素，應(ying)(ying)用(yong)于(yu)糖(tang)果，冷飲(yin)，糕(gao)點等食品中(zhong)(zhong)著色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)，呈色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)與可可糖(tang)相似，效果良(liang)好。茜草(cao)(cao)科梔子的果實可提取黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)素，可用(yong)于(yu)纖(xian)維染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)，也可用(yong)于(yu)食品著色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。茜草(cao)(cao)根中(zhong)(zhong)所含茜草(cao)(cao)紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)素，可用(yong)于(yu)植物纖(xian)維的染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)，亦可用(yong)于(yu)食品著色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)，鼠李科凍綠(lv)的莖皮含綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)素，可用(yong)于(yu)棉絲織品的染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)等。

花卉植物

保(bao)護區內(nei)野生(sheng)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源豐(feng)富(fu)，蘭科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)蘭花(hua)(hua)(hua)類植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，如鶴頂蘭，斑(ban)葉(xie)蘭，建蘭，春蘭，寒蘭，竹葉(xie)蘭，花(hua)(hua)(hua)葉(xie)開唇蘭等(deng)(deng)(deng)，這些(xie)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)具(ju)有很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)觀賞價(jia)值，同時(shi)又可(ke)藥用。杜鵑花(hua)(hua)(hua)是世界名花(hua)(hua)(hua)，也是中(zhong)國十(shi)大名花(hua)(hua)(hua)之一，人們對(dui)它(ta)十(shi)分厚愛，其同屬(shu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有滿山(shan)紅(hong)，鹿角杜鵑，馬銀(yin)花(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)(deng)均作(zuo)為(wei)觀花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)。觀賞的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)還(huan)有木蘭科(ke)，竹科(ke)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。此外(wai)，保(bao)護區內(nei)還(huan)有許(xu)多(duo)抗(kang)污染植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，它(ta)們能(neng)夠(gou)吸收大氣中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)有害(hai)氣體，滯留灰塵(chen)，殺滅細(xi)菌，減少噪音，從而保(bao)護大氣中(zhong)氧(yang)氣和二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)碳的(de)(de)(de)平衡。如合歡(huan)，構樹(shu)，臭(chou)椿，紫(zi)薇，楊梅(mei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)均有抗(kang)二(er)氧(yang)化(hua)硫的(de)(de)(de)特性。抗(kang)氯(lv)氣的(de)(de)(de)有側(ce)柏(bo)，樟樹(shu)，栓(shuan)皮櫟，棕(zong)櫚，女(nv)貞，石(shi)楠，蚊(wen)母樹(shu)，胡頹子，枸(gou)骨等(deng)(deng)(deng)。抗(kang)鎘污染源的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有尾葉(xie)冬青，刺(ci)果衛矛(mao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。抗(kang)硫化(hua)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有楓楊，喜樹(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。抗(kang)汞(gong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有山(shan)楂，刺(ci)槐，枇杷等(deng)(deng)(deng)。樸樹(shu)，榆樹(shu)，銀(yin)杏，桑樹(shu)，木槿(jin)以及臭(chou)椿，枇杷，紫(zi)薇，烏(wu)桕等(deng)(deng)(deng)具(ju)有吸塵(chen)，滯塵(chen)能(neng)力強(qiang)特色。

區域面積

保護(hu)區(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)13866.53公頃(qing)，其中(zhong)核(he)心區(qu)4286.08公頃(qing)、占(zhan)保護(hu)區(qu)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的30.9%，緩沖區(qu)3438.72公頃(qing)、占(zhan)24.8%，實驗區(qu)6141.73公頃(qing)、占(zhan)44.3%。

開發利用

藥用植物資源開發(fa)與利(li)用

馬頭山(shan)自然保(bao)護(hu)區由于所處的特殊地理位置，區內(nei)有(you)著豐(feng)富的中(zhong)藥(yao)材資(zi)源。據(ju)初步統計(ji)，蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)在《中(zhong)國(guo)藥(yao)典》中(zhong)收(shou)(shou)載(zai)的有(you)4科5屬(shu)(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)在《中(zhong)國(guo)藥(yao)典》中(zhong)共收(shou)(shou)載(zai)86科149屬(shu)(shu)179種(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)區內(nei)懸(xuan)鉤子(zi)屬(shu)(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)18種(zhong)(zhong)之多，其中(zhong)大部分(fen)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)的果實(shi)可作覆(fu)盆子(zi)中(zhong)藥(yao)使用，覆(fu)盆子(zi)能益腎(shen)，固精，縮尿，用于腎(shen)虛尿頻，陽痿早泄，白帶增多等癥。保(bao)護(hu)區尚有(you)許多種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)中(zhong)藥(yao)，如(ru)細辛類(lei)(lei)，木通(tong)類(lei)(lei)，五(wu)味子(zi)類(lei)(lei)，栝樓(lou)類(lei)(lei)，前(qian)胡類(lei)(lei)，五(wu)加皮類(lei)(lei)，吳茱萸(yu)類(lei)(lei)，麥(mai)冬類(lei)(lei)，薯蕷(yu)類(lei)(lei)，七(qi)葉(xie)一枝花類(lei)(lei)，沙(sha)參類(lei)(lei)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)烏頭，黃(huang)連，草珊(shan)瑚，鉤藤等中(zhong)藥(yao)。由于特殊的地理環境，保(bao)護(hu)區內(nei)中(zhong)藥(yao)資(zi)源種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)極豐(feng)富，有(you)的種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)蘊藏量較(jiao)大，但有(you)的蘊藏量較(jiao)小的如(ru)石斛，獨蒜蘭，石仙(xian)桃，徐(xu)長卿(qing)，八角蓮(lian)等，這些(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)應(ying)注意不可過度采挖，應(ying)采取合(he)理措(cuo)施，使這些(xie)中(zhong)藥(yao)資(zi)源永續利(li)用。而(er)對于保(bao)護(hu)區廬山(shan)石韋，槲蕨(jue)，大血藤，大葉(xie)冬青(qing)，山(shan)雞椒，山(shan)臘梅(mei)，柳葉(xie)臘梅(mei)，崖豆藤屬(shu)(shu)，獼猴桃屬(shu)(shu)等植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，可以(yi)(yi)進行合(he)理的開發利(li)用。

區內芳香(xiang)植物資源豐(feng)富，蘊藏(zang)量大(da)，其種(zhong)(zhong)類較多的(de)(de)科有(you)(you)樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)科樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)樹(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)，枝干，樹(shu)(shu)皮均含(han)(han)揮發油(you)(you)(you)(樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you))，平(ping)均含(han)(han)量3%～6%，油(you)(you)(you)中含(han)(han)樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)腦10%～50%。樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)經分(fen)餾(liu)后又分(fen)為(wei)白樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)，紅(hong)樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)和蘭樟(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)油(you)(you)(you)，分(fen)別為(wei)制取(qu)桉油(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)素的(de)(de)原料(liao)，合成(cheng)香(xiang)料(liao)的(de)(de)原料(liao)。細葉(xie)(xie)香(xiang)桂的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)是(shi)魚肉菜肴，醬油(you)(you)(you)，泡(pao)菜，罐(guan)頭等(deng)的(de)(de)重要配料(liao)，能增加食品風味，具有(you)(you)強烈(lie)芳香(xiang)和辛(xin)辣氣味。菊(ju)科野菊(ju)花(hua)的(de)(de)干花(hua)和葉(xie)(xie)含(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)011%～012%，可提取(qu)芳香(xiang)油(you)(you)(you)(油(you)(you)(you)中主要含(han)(han)有(you)(you)α2蒎(pai)烯(xi)(xi)，檸檬烯(xi)(xi)，桉油(you)(you)(you)精等(deng))或浸膏，調(diao)制各種(zhong)(zhong)皂用香(xiang)精。