芒果视频

歷史沿革

1983年云南省(sheng)人民(min)政府批(pi)準建立白馬雪山(shan)省(sheng)級自然保護區(qu)(qu)，同時設立保護區(qu)(qu)管理(li)所。

1988年經(jing)國(guo)務院批準，將(jiang)白馬(ma)雪山列(lie)為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區，面積為(wei)190144公頃(qing)，成立白馬(ma)雪山國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區管理(li)局。

2000年經國(guo)務(wu)院批(pi)準，保(bao)護區(qu)進(jin)行(xing)了擴建。

2003年，經(jing)迪慶州委、州人民政(zheng)府批準，在州府所在地設立了云南白馬雪山國家級自然保護區管理局。

2018年2月8日(ri)，國務院(yuan)同(tong)意(yi)調整白馬雪山國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)的(de)范圍，調整后保(bao)護區(qu)的(de)面積、范圍和功能(neng)分區(qu)等由環境保(bao)護部予(yu)以公布。

地理環境

位置

云南白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)(ma)雪山(shan)國家(jia)級自然保護(hu)區(qu)（以(yi)(yi)下簡稱保護(hu)區(qu)）保護(hu)區(qu)地(di)(di)跨九個鄉(xiang)（鎮），即：德欽(qin)縣(xian)的(de)升平鎮，奔(ben)子(zi)欄鄉(xiang)、霞若鄉(xiang)，維西縣(xian)的(de)巴迪(di)鄉(xiang)、葉(xie)枝(zhi)鄉(xiang)、康普(pu)鄉(xiang)、白(bai)(bai)濟(ji)汛鄉(xiang)、攀天(tian)閣鄉(xiang)和塔城鄉(xiang)，地(di)(di)理(li)坐標界(jie)于北(bei)緯27°24′-28°36′，東(dong)經(jing)98°57′-99°25′之間。西北(bei)起昂(ang)吾丫(ya)(ya)口，經(jing)赫馬(ma)(ma)埡卡、巴雜埡卡至(zhi)斯(si)木達(da)江(jiang)邊；東(dong)以(yi)(yi)金沙(sha)江(jiang)為界(jie)下至(zhi)奔(ben)子(zi)欄，沿(yan)(yan)2838高(gao)地(di)(di)山(shan)脊(ji)上至(zhi)資蓋(gai)松亞，過格(ge)里(li)丫(ya)(ya)口，沿(yan)(yan)山(shan)脊(ji)至(zhi)曾家(jia)薄(bo)，過珠巴洛河(he)到霞若村(cun)公(gong)所，再沿(yan)(yan)布養坪后山(shan)上至(zhi)4083高(gao)地(di)(di)、下落帕(pa)米沿(yan)(yan)國有林(lin)界(jie)至(zhi)維西、德欽(qin)縣(xian)界(jie)，沿(yan)(yan)山(shan)脊(ji)下至(zhi)糯擁(yong)3370高(gao)地(di)(di)。南沿(yan)(yan)許貢箐、汝河(he)后山(shan)林(lin)班線至(zhi)習究臘普(pu)河(he)邊，沿(yan)(yan)河(he)至(zhi)使垮底上山(shan)，過阿茶、日(ri)沙(sha)勒、背母(mu)座梁子(zi)至(zhi)收(shou)朵，再沿(yan)(yan)南山(shan)后山(shan)至(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)斯(si)達(da)里(li)河(he)邊。北(bei)上仙人(ren)洞沿(yan)(yan)國有林(lin)界(jie)過小羊(yang)場(chang)、老樓房、石門關、葉(xie)枝(zhi)后箐、塞美(mei)堵、乍尼那(nei)、尼色隴鼓至(zhi)4504高(gao)地(di)(di)丫(ya)(ya)口，再沿(yan)(yan)白(bai)(bai)馬(ma)(ma)雪山(shan)山(shan)脊(ji)上至(zhi)昂(ang)吾丫(ya)(ya)口。

地貌

白馬雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)國家級自(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區從白馬雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)的整個(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)體(ti)來看，地(di)(di)貌(mao)類(lei)型(xing)或(huo)(huo)稱一(yi)級地(di)(di)貌(mao)形態比較單(dan)一(yi)， 是一(yi)組高大雄偉的高山(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)極高山(shan)(shan)(shan)。其二(er)級或(huo)(huo)三級微地(di)(di)貌(mao)較為(wei)復雜，細分(fen)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)、峽(xia)谷、寬(kuan)谷或(huo)(huo)河谷、小(xiao)平原、冰川(chuan)凍土地(di)(di)貌(mao)及重力(li)風化地(di)(di)貌(mao)等(deng)類(lei)型(xing)。

水文

白馬(ma)雪山國家級自然保護區內的河(he)流數量眾多，除了金沙江干流外(wai)，還有(you)一(yi)(yi)、二(er)級支流50余條。這(zhe)些河(he)流除了珠巴(ba)洛河(he)為較大一(yi)(yi)級支流外(wai)（長約114km），其(qi)它均(jun)短小，僅有(you)20km或更短。從流域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積來看，珠巴(ba)洛河(he)大，流域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積為1835平方公里，其(qi)它河(he)流的流域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積均(jun)在300平方公里以(yi)下。

氣候

白馬雪山(shan)國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區全年盛行西偏(pian)南風，但冬(dong)夏(xia)氣流的源地截(jie)然不同(tong)，仍(reng)屬亞熱帶季風氣候(hou)。保(bao)護區所在地因處于低(di)緯高原，氣溫年較(jiao)差小，一般為14－18℃，而近緯度中國(guo)東部地區均在23℃以上。

土壤

保護(hu)區內土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤的垂直分帶很明(ming)顯，由低海(hai)拔到(dao)高海(hai)拔，有下列幾(ji)種土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤：燥紅土(tu)(tu)(tu)、褐色(se)(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)棕(zong)壤，山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)暗棕(zong)壤，山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)棕(zong)色(se)(se)針葉林土(tu)(tu)(tu)，亞高山(shan)(shan)(shan)草(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)，高山(shan)(shan)(shan)寒漠土(tu)(tu)(tu)。另外(wai)局部地(di)區有紫色(se)(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和石灰土(tu)(tu)(tu)，在人類(lei)耕(geng)作活動區為水(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)等。

自然資源

植物資源

白馬雪山國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)屬(shu)于寒溫(wen)性森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)系統類型(xing)(xing)，是中(zhong)國低緯度高海(hai)拔地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)生(sheng)物資源保(bao)存比較完整(zheng)而(er)原始(shi)的(de)高山針(zhen)葉林(lin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)。按中(zhong)國植(zhi)被區(qu)(qu)(qu)系的(de)分區(qu)(qu)(qu)，屬(shu)中(zhong)國———東(dong)喜馬拉雅森(sen)林(lin)植(zhi)物亞(ya)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、橫斷山脈(mo)地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)， 是世界上高山植(zhi)物豐富(fu)的(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)。 保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)已發現的(de)種子植(zhi)物有142科(ke)，587屬(shu)，1747種（含亞(ya)種、變(bian)型(xing)(xing)和(he)變(bian)種）。其中(zhong)：裸子植(zhi)物6科(ke)14屬(shu)29種，被子植(zhi)物136科(ke)573屬(shu)1718種。

保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區內(nei)有(you)國(guo)家重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)珍(zhen)稀植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)24種，其中(zhong)：一級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)4種，二級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)9種，三(san)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)11種；有(you)省級(ji)(ji)重點保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)6種。其中(zhong)：二級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2種，三(san)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)4種。

保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)植物區(qu)系的(de)科、屬(shu)、種(zhong)(zhong)繁多(duo)，并幾乎(hu)包含了(le)世界溫帶(dai)分(fen)布(bu)的(de)所有(you)木本(ben)屬(shu)，如冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)、云杉(shan)(shan)、松、槭、樺(hua)、櫟、杜(du)鵑(juan)(juan)等。其(qi)中冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)屬(shu)有(you)長苞冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)、急尖長苞冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)、蒼山冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)、川滇(dian)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)、云南黃果冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)和中甸(dian)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)6個種(zhong)(zhong)（含變種(zhong)(zhong)）， 同時薈萃于一個保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內，實為(wei)難得。杜(du)鵑(juan)(juan)花屬(shu)已知有(you)47種(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)布(bu)于保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內，其(qi)中有(you)36種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)橫斷山特有(you)成分(fen)，15種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)模(mo)式(shi)產(chan)地在保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)及其(qi)附近。

保護(hu)區有國(guo)家及省級保護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)30種，分屬(shu)于20科。其(qi)(qi)中：蕨(jue)(jue)類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1科1種， 裸子(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3科6種，被子(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)16科23種。 有觀賞植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)81科223屬(shu)724種。其(qi)(qi)中：蕨(jue)(jue)類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)7科11屬(shu)20種，裸子(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)5科15屬(shu)28種，種子(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)69科154屬(shu)568種。有藥用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)110科242屬(shu)386種。其(qi)(qi)中：菌類5科6屬(shu)7種，地衣類2科2屬(shu)2種，苔蘚(xian)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2科2屬(shu)2種，蕨(jue)(jue)類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)6科8屬(shu)8種，種子(zi)(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)95科224屬(shu)367種。其(qi)(qi)它還(huan)有油料(liao)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、淀粉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、用材樹種、香(xiang)料(liao)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、纖維(wei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、鞣料(liao)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等與人類生(sheng)活密切相關的各類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源(yuan)。

動物資源

根據中國(guo)動物地(di)理(li)區(qu)劃，保護區(qu)動物屬東洋界、西(xi)南區(qu)、三江縱谷亞區(qu)（橫(heng)斷山(shan)亞區(qu)）。

哺乳動物

保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區共(gong)錄得(de)哺乳(ru)類(lei)9目23科70屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)100種(zhong)(zhong)。占中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)哺乳(ru)類(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)16.8%，云南的(de)(de)(de)(de)33.3%。主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有(you)滇(dian)金(jin)(jin)絲猴、雪豹、金(jin)(jin)錢豹、云豹、熊(xiong)(xiong)猴、獼猴、穿山(shan)甲(jia)、黑(hei)(hei)熊(xiong)(xiong)、棕熊(xiong)(xiong)、小(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)、石貂、水獺、猞(she)猁、高(gao)山(shan)麝、林麝、鬣羚、巖(yan)羊(yang)、長吻鼩(qu)鼴(yan)(yan)、白(bai)尾(wei)鼴(yan)(yan)、蹼足鼩(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)緬(mian)樹鼩(qu)等。在100種(zhong)(zhong)哺乳(ru)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)，本區及(ji)鄰近地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)特有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)多達43種(zhong)(zhong)，占全區總種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)43.0%。其中(zhong)(zhong)：橫斷(duan)(duan)山(shan)型特有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)23種(zhong)(zhong)，橫斷(duan)(duan)山(shan)——東喜馬(ma)拉雅山(shan)型特有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)，橫斷(duan)(duan)山(shan)—青(qing)藏高(gao)原(yuan)型特有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)12種(zhong)(zhong)。 本區尚擁(yong)有(you)許多特有(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和一(yi)些(xie)特有(you)科（或亞(ya)科）如：黑(hei)(hei)鼩(qu)鼱屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、缺齒鼩(qu)鼱屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、蹼足鼩(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、長吻鼩(qu)鼴(yan)(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、針尾(wei)鼴(yan)(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、白(bai)尾(wei)鼴(yan)(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、仰(yang)鼻(bi)猴屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、小(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、斑(ban)靈(ling)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、雪豹屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、毛冠鹿(lu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、巖(yan)羊(yang)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、 白(bai)喉巖(yan)松鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、 復齒鼯鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、林跳鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以及(ji)小(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)科、鼴(yan)(yan)亞(ya)科、毛尾(wei)鼴(yan)(yan)亞(ya)科、林跳鼠(shu)亞(ya)科、蹶(jue)鼠(shu)亞(ya)科等。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區有(you)27種(zhong)(zhong)珍稀(xi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)。其中(zhong)(zhong)：國(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)滇(dian)金(jin)(jin)絲猴、雪豹、金(jin)(jin)錢豹、云豹等4種(zhong)(zhong)；國(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)獼猴、 穿山(shan)甲(jia)、黑(hei)(hei)熊(xiong)(xiong)、藏馬(ma)熊(xiong)(xiong)、豺、小(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)、石貂、水獺、斑(ban)靈(ling)貍、大靈(ling)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)、小(xiao)靈(ling)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)、金(jin)(jin)貓(mao)(mao)(mao)、猞(she)猁、高(gao)山(shan)麝、林麝、黑(hei)(hei)麝、鬣羚、斑(ban)羚、矮巖(yan)羊(yang)、巖(yan)羊(yang)等20種(zhong)(zhong)；云南省Ⅱ級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)有(you)狼、毛冠鹿(lu)等2種(zhong)(zhong)； 另(ling)有(you)豹貓(mao)(mao)(mao)雖(sui)沒有(you)列入我(wo)國(guo)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)名單(dan)，但為瀕危野生動(dong)(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易(yi)公(gong)約（CITES）規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)Ⅱ類(lei)限量貿易(yi)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)。

鳥類

保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)迄今為止共記錄鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬17目(mu)43科(ke)另4亞科(ke)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數約占云南省記錄鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)30.7%。其中：留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)170種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占69.1%，旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)冬候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占11.0%，夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占19.9%。所錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)中，在(zai)(zai)該地(di)區(qu)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)（含留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)）219種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，按其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分布(bu)和(he)(he)區(qu)系歸屬，大致可劃分為4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)：繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)主(zhu)要在(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)洋界的(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)洋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)留鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)(he)夏(xia)候(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)29.2%；繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)主(zhu)要在(zai)(zai)古(gu)北界的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)北種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占15.1%； 繁(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)域(yu)廣布(bu)于(yu)東(dong)(dong)洋界和(he)(he)古(gu)北界的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占26.9%； 分布(bu)區(qu)域(yu)主(zhu)要在(zai)(zai)四川西(xi)部(bu)、西(xi)藏昌都地(di)區(qu)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)、青海、甘肅南緣，南抵云南西(xi)北部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫斷山區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)南山地(di)特有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)63種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占28.8%。根據國(guo)務院1988年(nian)11月(yue)頒(ban)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《中華人民(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)野生(sheng)動(dong)物保(bao)護(hu)法》和(he)(he)1989年(nian)1月(yue)公布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《國(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)動(dong)物名錄》所列的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)，在(zai)(zai)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)所記錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)中，屬國(guo)家(jia) I 級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)：黑鸛、黑頸鶴、金雕、胡兀鷲、擬兀鷲、斑尾(wei)榛(zhen)雞、四川雉(zhi)鶉、黑頸長尾(wei)雉(zhi)等8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 屬國(guo)家(jia)II級重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)黑鳶、蒼(cang)鷹(ying)、松雀(que)鷹(ying)、雀(que)鷹(ying)、高山鷹(ying)雕、普通鵟、禿鷲、高山禿鷲、游(you)隼、燕隼、灰背隼、紅隼、淡腹(fu)雪雞、血雉(zhi)、紅腹(fu)角雉(zhi)、白馬雞、勺(shao)雞、白腹(fu)錦雞、灰鶴、楔(xie)尾(wei)綠鳩、大緋胸鸚鵡、灰林鸮(xiao)、雕鸮(xiao)、白腹(fu)黑啄(zhuo)木鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)等24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 ?

昆蟲

根據所采到的(de)(de)標本經鑒定已(yi)知有13目，80科，447種(zhong)(zhong)。它(ta)們的(de)(de)區(qu)系(xi)組成(cheng)極其(qi)復雜，主(zhu)要由東(dong)洋種(zhong)(zhong)、古北(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)、廣布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)、高(gao)山(shan)特有種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)地區(qu)特有種(zhong)(zhong)組成(cheng)。 保護區(qu)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)珍稀高(gao)山(shan)昆蟲有： 蝙蝠(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)科的(de)(de)德欽(qin)蝠(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、白馬蝠(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、人(ren)支蝠(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、草地蝠(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、白紋蝠(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、金(jin)沙蝠(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、葉(xie)日蝠(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、中(zhong)支蝠(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)以(yi)及絹(juan)蝶科的(de)(de)愛(ai)珂絹(juan)蝶、巴裔絹(juan)蝶、珍珠絹(juan)蝶、元首絹(juan)蝶、君主(zhu)絹(juan)蝶、黑緣(yuan)小(xiao)絹(juan)蝶、白馬小(xiao)絹(juan)蝶、四(si)川(chuan)絹(juan)蝶等(deng)。

保護對象

白馬(ma)雪山(shan)國家(jia)級自(zi)(zi)然保護(hu)區主要(yao)保護(hu)對象(xiang)為(wei)高山(shan)針葉(xie)林、山(shan)地植被垂直帶自(zi)(zi)然景觀和滇(dian)(dian)金(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)(hou)。滇(dian)(dian)金(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)(hou)是中國特有的(de)一級珍(zhen)稀瀕(bin)危保護(hu)動物，與大(da)熊貓(mao)一樣被稱(cheng)為(wei)“國寶”。云南省(sheng)迪慶藏族自(zi)(zi)治州的(de)白馬(ma)雪山(shan)自(zi)(zi)然保護(hu)區是中國現(xian)有面積大(da)的(de)滇(dian)(dian)金(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)(hou)國家(jia)級自(zi)(zi)然保護(hu)區。隨著生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)不斷改善、保護(hu)工作有效推進，保護(hu)區內的(de)滇(dian)(dian)金(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)(hou)數量(liang)不斷增(zeng)多，從2000年的(de)1000只上(shang)升到1500只左右，約占世界(jie)種群數量(liang)的(de)70%。

價值地位

白馬雪(xue)山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)地(di)處橫斷山(shan)(shan)脈中段，巍(wei)峨的(de)云嶺自(zi)北(bei)(bei)向南(nan)縱貫全區(qu)，5000米(mi)(mi)以上的(de)山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)有20座，主峰(feng)白馬雪(xue)山(shan)(shan)海拔5430米(mi)(mi)，相(xiang)(xiang)對高(gao)(gao)差超過3000米(mi)(mi)。區(qu)內植被垂(chui)直分(fen)(fen)布(bu)明(ming)顯，在水平(ping)距(ju)離不足40公(gong)里內，有7-16個植物分(fen)(fen)布(bu)帶(dai)譜，相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)于中國(guo)(guo)從南(nan)到北(bei)(bei)幾(ji)千公(gong)里的(de)植物分(fen)(fen)布(bu)帶(dai)，蔚(yu)為奇觀。白馬雪(xue)山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)的(de)國(guo)(guo)家重點保護植物有星(xing)葉草、瀾滄黃杉(shan)等(deng)十多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家重點保護動物有滇金絲猴、云豹、小熊貓等(deng)30多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)，有“寒溫帶(dai)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)動植物王國(guo)(guo)”之稱，具很高(gao)(gao)的(de)科學價值。