芒果视频

歷史沿革

1983年云南(nan)省人民政府批(pi)準建立白(bai)馬雪山省級(ji)自然保護(hu)區，同時設(she)立保護(hu)區管理所。

1988年經(jing)國務院(yuan)批準(zhun)，將白馬雪山列為國家級自(zi)然保護區，面積為190144公頃，成(cheng)立白馬雪山國家級自(zi)然保護區管(guan)理局。

2000年經(jing)國務院批準，保護區進行(xing)了擴建。

2003年，經迪慶州委、州人(ren)民政府批準，在州府所在地設立了云南白馬雪山國(guo)家(jia)級自然保護區管理局。

2018年2月8日(ri)，國務院同(tong)意調整(zheng)白(bai)馬雪山國家級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區的范(fan)圍，調整(zheng)后保(bao)(bao)護區的面積、范(fan)圍和功能分區等由環境保(bao)(bao)護部予以公布。

地理環境

位置

云南白馬雪山(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)（以下簡(jian)稱保護(hu)區(qu)）保護(hu)區(qu)地跨九(jiu)個鄉(xiang)（鎮），即：德欽縣的升平(ping)鎮，奔子(zi)欄鄉(xiang)、霞若鄉(xiang)，維西(xi)縣的巴迪鄉(xiang)、葉枝鄉(xiang)、康(kang)普(pu)鄉(xiang)、白濟汛鄉(xiang)、攀天閣鄉(xiang)和塔城鄉(xiang)，地理坐(zuo)標界(jie)于(yu)北(bei)緯(wei)27°24′-28°36′，東(dong)經98°57′-99°25′之間。西(xi)北(bei)起昂吾丫口(kou)，經赫馬埡(wu)卡、巴雜埡(wu)卡至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯木達江邊(bian)(bian)；東(dong)以金沙江為界(jie)下至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奔子(zi)欄，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)2838高(gao)(gao)地山(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資蓋松(song)亞，過(guo)格里丫口(kou)，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾家薄(bo)，過(guo)珠巴洛河(he)到(dao)霞若村公所，再(zai)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)布養(yang)坪后(hou)(hou)山(shan)上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4083高(gao)(gao)地、下落(luo)帕(pa)米沿(yan)(yan)(yan)國有林界(jie)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)維西(xi)、德欽縣界(jie)，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)山(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)下至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)糯(nuo)擁(yong)3370高(gao)(gao)地。南沿(yan)(yan)(yan)許貢箐、汝河(he)后(hou)(hou)山(shan)林班線至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)習究臘(la)普(pu)河(he)邊(bian)(bian)，沿(yan)(yan)(yan)河(he)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使垮(kua)底上(shang)山(shan)，過(guo)阿茶、日沙勒、背母座梁子(zi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)收朵，再(zai)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)南山(shan)后(hou)(hou)山(shan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馬斯達里河(he)邊(bian)(bian)。北(bei)上(shang)仙人洞(dong)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)國有林界(jie)過(guo)小羊場、老樓房(fang)、石門(men)關、葉枝后(hou)(hou)箐、塞美堵、乍尼(ni)那(nei)、尼(ni)色隴(long)鼓至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4504高(gao)(gao)地丫口(kou)，再(zai)沿(yan)(yan)(yan)白馬雪山(shan)山(shan)脊(ji)(ji)(ji)上(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昂吾丫口(kou)。

地貌

白馬(ma)雪山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區從白馬(ma)雪山(shan)的整個山(shan)體來看，地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)類型或(huo)稱一級地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)形態比(bi)較單一， 是一組高大(da)雄偉(wei)的高山(shan)和極高山(shan)。其二(er)級或(huo)三級微地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)較為復雜，細分(fen)為山(shan)地(di)、峽(xia)谷、寬(kuan)谷或(huo)河(he)谷、小(xiao)平原、冰(bing)川凍土地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)及重力風化地(di)貌(mao)(mao)(mao)等類型。

水文

白馬雪山國家級自然保護區內的河(he)流數(shu)量眾多，除(chu)了金沙江干流外，還有一(yi)、二級支流50余(yu)條(tiao)。這些河(he)流除(chu)了珠巴洛河(he)為(wei)較大(da)一(yi)級支流外（長約114km），其(qi)它均短小，僅有20km或更(geng)短。從流域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)來看(kan)，珠巴洛河(he)大(da)，流域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)為(wei)1835平方公里，其(qi)它河(he)流的流域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)均在(zai)300平方公里以下(xia)。

氣候

白馬雪山國家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)全年盛行西偏南風，但冬夏氣(qi)流的源(yuan)地截然不同，仍屬亞熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)候。保護區(qu)所(suo)在地因(yin)處于低緯高原(yuan)，氣(qi)溫年較差小，一般為14－18℃，而近(jin)緯度中國東部地區(qu)均在23℃以(yi)上。

土壤

保(bao)護區內土壤(rang)的(de)垂直分帶很明顯，由低海拔(ba)(ba)到高海拔(ba)(ba)，有(you)下列幾種(zhong)土壤(rang)：燥紅土、褐色土、山(shan)地棕(zong)壤(rang)，山(shan)地暗棕(zong)壤(rang)，山(shan)地棕(zong)色針葉林土，亞高山(shan)草(cao)甸土，高山(shan)寒漠土。另外局(ju)部地區有(you)紫色土和石(shi)灰土，在(zai)人類耕作活動(dong)區為水稻(dao)土等(deng)。

自然資源

植物資源

白馬(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于寒(han)溫性(xing)森林(lin)生態系統類型(xing)，是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)低緯度高海拔地(di)區(qu)生物(wu)資源保(bao)存比較完整而原始的高山(shan)(shan)(shan)針葉林(lin)區(qu)。按(an)中(zhong)國(guo)植(zhi)被(bei)區(qu)系的分區(qu)，屬(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)國(guo)———東喜(xi)馬(ma)拉雅森林(lin)植(zhi)物(wu)亞區(qu)、橫斷山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈地(di)區(qu)， 是(shi)世界上高山(shan)(shan)(shan)植(zhi)物(wu)豐富(fu)的區(qu)域。 保(bao)護區(qu)已發現的種子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)有142科(ke)，587屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，1747種（含亞種、變型(xing)和(he)變種）。其中(zhong)：裸子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)6科(ke)14屬(shu)(shu)(shu)29種，被(bei)子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)136科(ke)573屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1718種。

保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內有國家重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)珍稀植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)24種(zhong)，其中(zhong)：一級保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)4種(zhong)，二級保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)9種(zhong)，三(san)級保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)11種(zhong)；有省級重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)6種(zhong)。其中(zhong)：二級保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)，三(san)級保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)4種(zhong)。

保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)植物區(qu)(qu)系的(de)科、屬(shu)、種繁多，并幾(ji)乎(hu)包含了世(shi)界溫(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)所有木本(ben)屬(shu)，如冷(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)(shan)、云(yun)杉(shan)(shan)(shan)、松、槭、樺(hua)、櫟、杜(du)鵑等。其中冷(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)(shan)屬(shu)有長苞冷(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)(shan)、急尖長苞冷(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)(shan)、蒼山(shan)(shan)冷(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)(shan)、川滇冷(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)(shan)、云(yun)南黃果冷(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)(shan)和中甸冷(leng)(leng)杉(shan)(shan)(shan)6個(ge)(ge)種（含變種）， 同時(shi)薈萃于一個(ge)(ge)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內，實為難得。杜(du)鵑花屬(shu)已知有47種分(fen)布(bu)(bu)于保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內，其中有36種為橫(heng)斷(duan)山(shan)(shan)特有成分(fen)，15種的(de)模(mo)式產地在保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)及其附近。

保護區有國家及省級保護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)30種(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)屬(shu)于20科(ke)(ke)(ke)。其(qi)中(zhong)：蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)1種(zhong)(zhong)， 裸(luo)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)6種(zhong)(zhong)，被子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)16科(ke)(ke)(ke)23種(zhong)(zhong)。 有觀賞(shang)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)81科(ke)(ke)(ke)223屬(shu)724種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)：蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)7科(ke)(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)20種(zhong)(zhong)，裸(luo)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)15屬(shu)28種(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)69科(ke)(ke)(ke)154屬(shu)568種(zhong)(zhong)。有藥用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)110科(ke)(ke)(ke)242屬(shu)386種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中(zhong)：菌類(lei)(lei)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)6屬(shu)7種(zhong)(zhong)，地衣(yi)類(lei)(lei)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，苔蘚植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)，蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)6科(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)95科(ke)(ke)(ke)224屬(shu)367種(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)它還有油料植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、淀粉植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、用(yong)材樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)、香料植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、纖(xian)維植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、鞣料植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等與人類(lei)(lei)生活密切相關(guan)的(de)各類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源。

動物資源

根據(ju)中國動物地(di)理區(qu)劃，保護(hu)區(qu)動物屬東洋界、西南(nan)區(qu)、三(san)江縱谷亞區(qu)（橫(heng)斷山亞區(qu)）。

哺乳動物

保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區共錄得哺(bu)乳類(lei)9目23科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)70屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。占中國(guo)(guo)哺(bu)乳類(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)16.8%，云(yun)南的(de)33.3%。主要的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)(you)滇(dian)(dian)金(jin)(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)、雪(xue)豹(bao)、金(jin)(jin)錢豹(bao)、云(yun)豹(bao)、熊(xiong)(xiong)猴(hou)(hou)、獼猴(hou)(hou)、穿山(shan)(shan)甲、黑熊(xiong)(xiong)、棕熊(xiong)(xiong)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)、石貂、水獺、猞猁(li)、高山(shan)(shan)麝(she)、林(lin)(lin)麝(she)、鬣羚、巖(yan)羊(yang)、長(chang)吻(wen)(wen)鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)鼴(yan)、白(bai)尾(wei)(wei)鼴(yan)、蹼足鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)中緬樹鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。在(zai)100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺(bu)乳動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中，本區及鄰近地區的(de)特(te)(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)達(da)43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占全區總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)43.0%。其(qi)中：橫(heng)斷山(shan)(shan)型特(te)(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，橫(heng)斷山(shan)(shan)——東喜馬拉雅山(shan)(shan)型特(te)(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，橫(heng)斷山(shan)(shan)—青藏高原(yuan)型特(te)(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 本區尚擁有(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)特(te)(te)有(you)(you)(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和一些特(te)(te)有(you)(you)(you)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)（或亞(ya)(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)）如：黑鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)鼱(jing)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、缺齒鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)鼱(jing)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、蹼足鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、長(chang)吻(wen)(wen)鼩(qu)(qu)(qu)鼴(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、針尾(wei)(wei)鼴(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、白(bai)尾(wei)(wei)鼴(yan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、仰(yang)鼻猴(hou)(hou)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、斑靈(ling)貓(mao)(mao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、雪(xue)豹(bao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、毛冠鹿屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、巖(yan)羊(yang)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、 白(bai)喉巖(yan)松鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、 復齒鼯鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、林(lin)(lin)跳(tiao)鼠(shu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)以及小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、鼴(yan)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、毛尾(wei)(wei)鼴(yan)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、林(lin)(lin)跳(tiao)鼠(shu)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)、蹶(jue)鼠(shu)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)區有(you)(you)(you)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)珍稀保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。其(qi)中：國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)滇(dian)(dian)金(jin)(jin)絲猴(hou)(hou)、雪(xue)豹(bao)、金(jin)(jin)錢豹(bao)、云(yun)豹(bao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)獼猴(hou)(hou)、 穿山(shan)(shan)甲、黑熊(xiong)(xiong)、藏馬熊(xiong)(xiong)、豺、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)熊(xiong)(xiong)貓(mao)(mao)、石貂、水獺、斑靈(ling)貍、大靈(ling)貓(mao)(mao)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)靈(ling)貓(mao)(mao)、金(jin)(jin)貓(mao)(mao)、猞猁(li)、高山(shan)(shan)麝(she)、林(lin)(lin)麝(she)、黑麝(she)、鬣羚、斑羚、矮巖(yan)羊(yang)、巖(yan)羊(yang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；云(yun)南省(sheng)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)狼、毛冠鹿等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 另有(you)(you)(you)豹(bao)貓(mao)(mao)雖沒有(you)(you)(you)列入(ru)我國(guo)(guo)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)單，但為(wei)瀕(bin)危野生動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易(yi)公(gong)約（CITES）規定的(de)Ⅱ類(lei)限量貿易(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

鳥類

保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)迄今為止共記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬17目43科另(ling)4亞(ya)科，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數約占(zhan)(zhan)云南省記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)30.7%。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)170種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)69.1%，旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)冬候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)11.0%，夏(xia)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)(zhan)19.9%。所(suo)錄(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)246種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)該地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)（含留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)、夏(xia)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)）219種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，按其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)和(he)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系歸(gui)屬，大致可劃分(fen)為4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型：繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)主要(yao)在(zai)東洋(yang)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東洋(yang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)64種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)夏(xia)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)29.2%；繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)主要(yao)在(zai)古(gu)北(bei)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)北(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)15.1%； 繁殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)廣(guang)(guang)布(bu)(bu)于東洋(yang)界(jie)和(he)古(gu)北(bei)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)(guang)布(bu)(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)59種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)26.9%； 分(fen)布(bu)(bu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)(yu)主要(yao)在(zai)四(si)川(chuan)西(xi)部、西(xi)藏昌都地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)東部、青海、甘肅南緣，南抵(di)云南西(xi)北(bei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)斷山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)南山(shan)地(di)(di)特(te)有(you)(you)(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)63種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)28.8%。根據國務院1988年11月頒布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民共和(he)國野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)法》和(he)1989年1月公布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《國家重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)名錄(lu)(lu)》所(suo)列的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)，在(zai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)所(suo)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬國家 I 級重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)：黑(hei)鸛、黑(hei)頸鶴、金雕(diao)、胡兀鷲、擬兀鷲、斑尾(wei)榛雞(ji)(ji)、四(si)川(chuan)雉(zhi)(zhi)鶉、黑(hei)頸長尾(wei)雉(zhi)(zhi)等8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)； 屬國家II級重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)黑(hei)鳶、蒼鷹(ying)、松雀(que)(que)鷹(ying)、雀(que)(que)鷹(ying)、高(gao)山(shan)鷹(ying)雕(diao)、普通(tong)鵟、禿鷲、高(gao)山(shan)禿鷲、游隼、燕隼、灰(hui)背隼、紅隼、淡(dan)腹(fu)雪雞(ji)(ji)、血雉(zhi)(zhi)、紅腹(fu)角雉(zhi)(zhi)、白馬雞(ji)(ji)、勺(shao)雞(ji)(ji)、白腹(fu)錦雞(ji)(ji)、灰(hui)鶴、楔尾(wei)綠鳩、大緋(fei)胸(xiong)鸚鵡(wu)、灰(hui)林鸮、雕(diao)鸮、白腹(fu)黑(hei)啄(zhuo)木鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)等24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 ?

昆蟲

根據所(suo)采(cai)到(dao)的(de)標(biao)本經(jing)鑒定已知有13目，80科，447種(zhong)(zhong)。它(ta)們(men)的(de)區(qu)(qu)系組成(cheng)極其復雜，主要(yao)由東洋種(zhong)(zhong)、古北種(zhong)(zhong)、廣布種(zhong)(zhong)、高山特(te)有種(zhong)(zhong)和地區(qu)(qu)特(te)有種(zhong)(zhong)組成(cheng)。 保護區(qu)(qu)主要(yao)的(de)珍稀(xi)高山昆蟲(chong)有： 蝙蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)科的(de)德欽(qin)蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、白(bai)馬蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、人支(zhi)蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、草地蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、白(bai)紋蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、金沙蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、葉日蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)、中支(zhi)蝠(fu)(fu)蛾(e)(e)(e)(e)以及絹(juan)蝶科的(de)愛珂絹(juan)蝶、巴裔(yi)絹(juan)蝶、珍珠絹(juan)蝶、元首(shou)絹(juan)蝶、君主絹(juan)蝶、黑緣小(xiao)絹(juan)蝶、白(bai)馬小(xiao)絹(juan)蝶、四川(chuan)絹(juan)蝶等。

保護對象

白(bai)(bai)馬雪山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)主要保(bao)護對象(xiang)為高(gao)山(shan)(shan)針(zhen)葉林、山(shan)(shan)地植被垂直帶自然景觀和滇(dian)金(jin)絲猴。滇(dian)金(jin)絲猴是(shi)中國(guo)(guo)特有的(de)(de)一級珍稀瀕危保(bao)護動物，與大(da)(da)熊貓一樣(yang)被稱為“國(guo)(guo)寶”。云南(nan)省迪慶藏族自治州(zhou)的(de)(de)白(bai)(bai)馬雪山(shan)(shan)自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)是(shi)中國(guo)(guo)現(xian)有面積大(da)(da)的(de)(de)滇(dian)金(jin)絲猴國(guo)(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)。隨著生態環(huan)境不斷改善、保(bao)護工作有效(xiao)推(tui)進，保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內的(de)(de)滇(dian)金(jin)絲猴數量不斷增多，從2000年的(de)(de)1000只上升到(dao)1500只左右，約占世界(jie)種(zhong)群數量的(de)(de)70%。

價值地位

白馬(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)地(di)處橫(heng)斷山(shan)(shan)脈中段，巍(wei)峨的(de)(de)云(yun)嶺(ling)自(zi)(zi)北向南縱(zong)貫全區(qu)，5000米以上的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)峰有(you)20座，主(zhu)峰白馬(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)海拔5430米，相(xiang)對高差(cha)超(chao)過3000米。區(qu)內植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被垂直(zhi)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)明顯，在水平距離不(bu)足40公(gong)里(li)內，有(you)7-16個植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物分(fen)布(bu)(bu)帶譜，相(xiang)當于中國(guo)(guo)從南到北幾(ji)千公(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物分(fen)布(bu)(bu)帶，蔚(yu)為奇觀。白馬(ma)雪山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)的(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物有(you)星(xing)葉草、瀾滄黃(huang)杉等十多(duo)種(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)保護(hu)動(dong)物有(you)滇(dian)金絲猴、云(yun)豹、小熊貓等30多(duo)種(zhong)，有(you)“寒溫帶高山(shan)(shan)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物王國(guo)(guo)”之(zhi)稱，具很高的(de)(de)科(ke)學價值(zhi)。