芒果视频

歷史沿革

2012年2月29日，云南(nan)省人民政(zheng)府正(zheng)式批準(zhun)成立“云南(nan)烏(wu)蒙山省級自然保護區”。

2013年(nian)12月，國(guo)務院辦公廳批準成(cheng)立云南烏蒙山(shan)國(guo)家級(ji)自然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)，主要(yao)由(you)原來(lai)的三個省級(ji)自然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)（三江口、海子坪、朝天(tian)馬）和二個市(shi)級(ji)自然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)（大關縣羅漢壩、永善縣小巖(yan)方）合并而成(cheng)。

2014年12月，昭(zhao)通市(shi)機構(gou)編制委員會批準成立了“云南(nan)烏蒙山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區管理局”，屬昭(zhao)通市(shi)林(lin)業局下屬正科級財政全額撥(bo)款事業單位。

2015年12月，《云(yun)南省機構編制委員會關于昭通市設置國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區管護(hu)局的批復》批準成立了“云(yun)南烏(wu)蒙(meng)山國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區管護(hu)局”，屬昭通市林業局下屬正(zheng)處(chu)級事業單位。?

2016年10月12日(ri)，《云南烏(wu)蒙(meng)山國家(jia)級自然保護(hu)區總(zong)體規劃(hua)》編(bian)制工作正式(shi)啟動。?

地理環境

位置

云(yun)(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)(shan)國家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)位于云(yun)(yun)南省東(dong)北(bei)部的昭通市(shi)境內，東(dong)部連接著貴州巖溶山(shan)(shan)原，北(bei)面與(yu)四(si)川盆地(di)相望，南邊(bian)向滇中高原過渡(du)，西處橫斷山(shan)(shan)脈的邊(bian)緣，地(di)處四(si)個自(zi)然區(qu)域(yu)特色逥然不(bu)同的結(jie)合過渡(du)地(di)帶。?

地質情況

地層

滇東北是(shi)揚子(zi)地(di)(di)臺蓋層(ceng)發育完全的地(di)(di)區(qu)之(zhi)一，由(you)于受到各(ge)種地(di)(di)質(zhi)運(yun)動的影響，全區(qu)有(you)多個地(di)(di)質(zhi)年(nian)代(dai)的地(di)(di)層(ceng)出(chu)(chu)露。云南(nan)烏蒙山(shan)國家(jia)級自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)正(zheng)好位于滇東北地(di)(di)臺沉積帶內，因此該(gai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)也出(chu)(chu)露有(you)多個地(di)(di)質(zhi)年(nian)代(dai)的地(di)(di)層(ceng)。根據考(kao)察的結果(guo)，烏蒙山(shan)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)內主要出(chu)(chu)露的地(di)(di)層(ceng)有(you)寒武系(xi)(xi)、奧陶系(xi)(xi)、泥盆系(xi)(xi)、二(er)疊系(xi)(xi)、三疊系(xi)(xi)、侏羅(luo)系(xi)(xi)等地(di)(di)質(zhi)年(nian)代(dai)的地(di)(di)層(ceng)。其(qi)中以二(er)疊系(xi)(xi)的地(di)(di)層(ceng)出(chu)(chu)露最為廣泛，其(qi)次為泥盆系(xi)(xi)的地(di)(di)層(ceng)。?

巖石

云南烏蒙山國家(jia)級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)因分(fen)布范圍較大，所以境(jing)內(nei)及(ji)其附近地區(qu)(qu)所出露的(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石種(zhong)類較多。根據考(kao)察發現(xian)，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、變(bian)質巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和沉積巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)均有出現(xian)，并且都有一定的(de)分(fen)布范圍。在三大類巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石中，巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)漿巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和變(bian)質巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)分(fen)布范圍較小，沉積巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)分(fen)布面積較大，幾(ji)乎(hu)遍布保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)所有片(pian)區(qu)(qu)。?

構造

云南烏蒙(meng)山(shan)國家級自然保(bao)護(hu)區屬于揚子準(zhun)地(di)(di)臺，滇黔川鄂臺坳中的(de)(de)(de)(de)褶皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)斷裂(lie)地(di)(di)帶，經歷了(le)三次大的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)殼運(yun)(yun)動(dong)，即(ji)晉寧運(yun)(yun)動(dong)、加(jia)里東運(yun)(yun)動(dong)和喜馬拉雅運(yun)(yun)動(dong)，因而形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)形(xing)和地(di)(di)貌。全區的(de)(de)(de)(de)構造以(yi)斷裂(lie)和褶皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)最為(wei)發育，如斷裂(lie)有鹽津——永善——巧家斷裂(lie)、大關(guan)——昭(zhao)通(tong)——巧家斷裂(lie)和彝(yi)良(liang)——昭(zhao)通(tong)——巧家斷裂(lie)等，褶皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發育如木(mu)桿新(xin)街向斜、羅(luo)漢壩背斜和彝(yi)良(liang)復(fu)向斜等。受“小江斷裂(lie)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，整個昭(zhao)通(tong)地(di)(di)區褶皺(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和斷裂(lie)均(jun)呈大致平行的(de)(de)(de)(de)北東方向，由此導致地(di)(di)貌結構復(fu)雜類型(xing)多樣化。?

地貌概況

地貌特征

（1）地勢向(xiang)北傾斜(xie)，并具(ju)有雙層結構(gou)

云(yun)南(nan)(nan)烏(wu)蒙山國家級自(zi)然保護(hu)區恰處(chu)(chu)于(yu)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)高(gao)原的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部，處(chu)(chu)于(yu)向(xiang)四(si)(si)川(chuan)盆地和貴州(zhou)高(gao)原的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣(yuan)(yuan)過渡地帶，高(gao)原斜(xie)坡受金沙江(jiang)(jiang)及其(qi)支(zhi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)切(qie)，形成(cheng)梁狀山地與(yu)狹長河谷(gu)相(xiang)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地貌格局，地表十分(fen)(fen)崎嶇，地勢(shi)傾斜(xie)較為特(te)殊，從上層(ceng)(ceng)山峰(feng)線由(you)西南(nan)(nan)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)傾斜(xie)，谷(gu)底線分(fen)(fen)兩個方向(xiang)，一(yi)為向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)或東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)向(xiang)傾斜(xie)，一(yi)為向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)或東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)傾斜(xie)，使該(gai)區出(chu)現上、下(xia)兩層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傾斜(xie)方向(xiang)不一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀況，具有(you)雙(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)結構(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。在(zai)保護(hu)區南(nan)(nan)面(mian)屬(shu)于(yu)四(si)(si)處(chu)(chu)盆地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊緣(yuan)(yuan)山地，整個地勢(shi)由(you)西南(nan)(nan)向(xiang)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金沙江(jiang)(jiang)河谷(gu)傾斜(xie)，并向(xiang)四(si)(si)川(chuan)盆地過渡，而與(yu)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)全(quan)省北(bei)(bei)(bei)高(gao)南(nan)(nan)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大地勢(shi)相(xiang)反，以(yi)致(zhi)對植被和物(wu)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布產生(sheng)了(le)顯著的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，如一(yi)些(xie)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)南(nan)(nan)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偏熱性(xing)物(wu)種(zhong)能(neng)夠出(chu)現在(zai)本區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部。?

（2）高(gao)原邊緣(yuan)型山原地貌

云(yun)南烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家級(ji)自(zi)然保護區正好處在(zai)云(yun)南高原北(bei)緣(yuan)，是一片高原向大型盆地(di)(di)過渡的斜坡地(di)(di)帶(dai)，大部分地(di)(di)面均(jun)被各級(ji)河流切開(kai)，形成(cheng)長形山(shan)地(di)(di)與(yu)峽谷(gu)相間的地(di)(di)表形態(tai)。這種地(di)(di)貌結構(gou)，因在(zai)高原邊緣(yuan)地(di)(di)帶(dai)出現，故(gu)稱為原邊型山(shan)原地(di)(di)貌。?

（3）深(shen)切割的中山山地

云南烏蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)國家級自然保護區所在(zai)(zai)地(di)屬(shu)于五蓮(lian)峰和(he)烏蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)部分(fen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)，平(ping)均高(gao)度在(zai)(zai)2000－2500米(mi)(mi)之間(jian)，東片僅在(zai)(zai)1500米(mi)(mi)左右，屬(shu)于中山(shan)(shan)(shan)范疇(chou)。但從(cong)相對高(gao)度情(qing)況(kuang)看，它切割較深，不少山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)相對高(gao)度在(zai)(zai)1000米(mi)(mi)以上，部分(fen)在(zai)(zai)500－1000米(mi)(mi)之間(jian)，屬(shu)于中等切割到深切割的(de)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)組成(cheng)的(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)以碎屑巖(yan)(yan)(yan)為主，間(jian)有(you)部分(fen)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)漿巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)碳酸巖(yan)(yan)(yan)，是一片組成(cheng)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)種類較多的(de)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)。?

（4）河谷以峽谷為主，缺(que)少大型盆地

眾多支流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)經保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區或其邊緣(yuan)地(di)帶，其原邊地(di)帶又加上(shang)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)深切，使得(de)地(di)面(mian)異常崎嶇(qu)，除了(le)深至中切割山地(di)外，基本上(shang)被縱橫的峽(xia)谷所連接，除了(le)在一(yi)些(xie)支流(liu)(liu)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)上(shang)源保(bao)(bao)留有(you)原高原面(mian)上(shang)的古河(he)(he)(he)谷屬寬谷形(xing)(xing)平(ping)坦地(di)貌形(xing)(xing)態外，很(hen)少(shao)有(you)壩子。?

地貌類型

云南烏蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)所處(chu)地(di)勢高(gao)聳，區(qu)內(nei)有(you)(you)高(gao)大山(shan)脈分布，河流(liu)水系(xi)發達切割頗深，地(di)貌(mao)(mao)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)復雜多樣，是(shi)云貴高(gao)原的(de)(de)典(dian)型(xing)(xing)區(qu)域(yu)。保護(hu)區(qu)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)跨(kua)度(du)較大，從大地(di)貌(mao)(mao)形(xing)態看，是(shi)屬(shu)高(gao)原邊緣的(de)(de)中(zhong)山(shan)與峽谷(gu)區(qu)，但次(ci)一(yi)級地(di)貌(mao)(mao)形(xing)態的(de)(de)種類(lei)仍然較多，主要的(de)(de)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)有(you)(you)山(shan)地(di)、河谷(gu)與盆地(di)和(he)卡斯特地(di)貌(mao)(mao)等(deng)三種類(lei)型(xing)(xing)。其中(zhong)山(shan)地(di)是(shi)保護(hu)區(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)的(de)(de)主要地(di)貌(mao)(mao)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)，該(gai)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)中(zhong)除深切割中(zhong)山(shan)之外，還包括有(you)(you)相對升降(jiang)所殘(can)存的(de)(de)部(bu)分高(gao)原面殘(can)片及(ji)原面上(shang)和(he)部(bu)分寬谷(gu)邊緣上(shang)散(san)布的(de)(de)丘陵(ling)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)。這一(yi)帶(dai)山(shan)地(di)海拔高(gao)度(du)均在1000米(mi)以上(shang)，屬(shu)于低(di)山(shan)和(he)中(zhong)山(shan)范(fan)(fan)疇。?

氣候特點

云(yun)(yun)南烏蒙山(shan)國(guo)家級自然保護(hu)區位于(yu)云(yun)(yun)南東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)邊(bian)緣，地(di)處云(yun)(yun)貴川三省結合(he)部(bu)，地(di)勢北(bei)(bei)低南高(gao)，由四(si)川盆地(di)逐漸向云(yun)(yun)貴高(gao)原抬升，保護(hu)區內山(shan)巒(luan)交(jiao)錯，河谷縱橫(heng)，是四(si)川盆地(di)進入云(yun)(yun)南冷(leng)空氣(qi)的(de)(de)主要通道(dao)，易受冷(leng)空氣(qi)影響，常在昆明準靜止鋒控制下，氣(qi)候與云(yun)(yun)南大部(bu)分地(di)區不同，而與具有(you)中國(guo)東(dong)部(bu)型季風(feng)氣(qi)候的(de)(de)特點的(de)(de)貴州相(xiang)似，屬亞(ya)熱帶濕潤季風(feng)氣(qi)候。

云南烏蒙(meng)山國家級自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)年平均氣溫13～17℃；年日照時數在1000小(xiao)(xiao)時以下，平均每天不到3小(xiao)(xiao)時；無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)有(you)9～11個月，永善(shan)無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)320天，鹽(yan)津無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)328天，大關(guan)無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)310天，彝(yi)良無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)295天；年降水量600～1300毫米(mi)之間；西(xi)南部(bu)包括永善(shan)和彝(yi)良一部(bu)分地區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)西(xi)部(bu)型季風(feng)氣候，東北部(bu)包括鹽(yan)津、大關(guan)全部(bu)，永善(shan)和彝(yi)良大部(bu)分地區(qu)(qu)，具有(you)東部(bu)型季風(feng)氣候區(qu)(qu)的特征。?

水文特點

云南烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)區大部分地區都處于中、北亞熱帶，故而降雨量豐富，境內(nei)水系比較(jiao)發(fa)達，各個片區內(nei)都有(you)多條河流和溪流。?

云(yun)南(nan)烏蒙山國家級自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)及其附近地區(qu)屬于(yu)(yu)金沙江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系，較(jiao)大的(de)(de)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)有洛澤河(he)(he)(he)、白水(shui)(shui)江(jiang)、黃(huang)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、大關(guan)河(he)(he)(he)、木桿河(he)(he)(he)和小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)等。這些河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)分布于(yu)(yu)昭通地區(qu)的(de)(de)中部(bu)(bu)和北(bei)部(bu)(bu)，其支流(liu)多(duo)發源于(yu)(yu)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)。受高(gao)原邊緣(yuan)的(de)(de)地勢(shi)條件(jian)與(yu)區(qu)內(nei)中部(bu)(bu)局部(bu)(bu)隆(long)起的(de)(de)影響，河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)流(liu)向(xiang)較(jiao)復(fu)雜，大部(bu)(bu)分河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)由南(nan)向(xiang)北(bei)流(liu)。其中，白水(shui)(shui)江(jiang)向(xiang)西(xi)、西(xi)北(bei)流(liu)動(dong)，而紅水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)向(xiang)東(dong)流(liu)，黃(huang)水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)與(yu)高(gao)橋(qiao)河(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)局部(bu)(bu)河(he)(he)(he)段又向(xiang)南(nan)流(liu)，保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)基本(ben)上也是多(duo)向(xiang)流(liu)動(dong)。?

區域范圍

云南烏蒙山國家級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)位于云南省(sheng)(sheng)東(dong)北(bei)部的昭通市(shi)境內，東(dong)連貴州巖(yan)溶山原(yuan)(yuan)，北(bei)與四(si)川(chuan)盆地(di)相望，南向滇中(zhong)高原(yuan)(yuan)過渡(du)，西處(chu)橫斷山脈邊緣。地(di)跨大關、彝(yi)良、鹽(yan)津、永(yong)善和威信等(deng)5個縣、16個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)，大關縣木桿鎮(zhen)(zhen)（漂壩(ba)(ba)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、元亨村(cun)(cun)(cun)）、天(tian)星鎮(zhen)(zhen)（沿河村(cun)(cun)(cun)、中(zhong)心村(cun)(cun)(cun)），永(yong)善縣細沙鄉（細沙村(cun)(cun)(cun)、三(san)堡村(cun)(cun)(cun)、石坪村(cun)(cun)(cun)）、團結鄉（東(dong)勝村(cun)(cun)(cun)、蘇田(tian)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、向陽村(cun)(cun)(cun)、大毛(mao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)）、檜溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)（得勝村(cun)(cun)(cun)），鹽(yan)津縣中(zhong)和鄉（大浩村(cun)(cun)(cun)）、柿子(zi)壩(ba)(ba)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（新生村(cun)(cun)(cun)、岔河村(cun)(cun)(cun)）、廟(miao)壩(ba)(ba)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（流場村(cun)(cun)(cun)、紅碧村(cun)(cun)(cun)）、豆沙鎮(zhen)(zhen)（銀廠(chang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)），彝(yi)良縣小草壩(ba)(ba)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（小草壩(ba)(ba)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、大橋村(cun)(cun)(cun)）、兩河鎮(zhen)(zhen)（兩河村(cun)(cun)(cun)、大竹村(cun)(cun)(cun)、白米村(cun)(cun)(cun)、半河村(cun)(cun)(cun)）、鐘鳴鎮(zhen)(zhen)（麻(ma)窩村(cun)(cun)(cun)）、牛街鎮(zhen)(zhen)（三(san)合村(cun)(cun)(cun)）、龍海(hai)(hai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（龍海(hai)(hai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、放牛村(cun)(cun)(cun)）、洛旺(wang)鄉（中(zhong)廠(chang)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、樹草村(cun)(cun)(cun)），威信縣長安(an)(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（安(an)(an)穩村(cun)(cun)(cun)），地(di)理坐標介于東(dong)經103°51′47" ～104°45′04"，北(bei)緯27°47′35"～28°17′42"之(zhi)間。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由三(san)江(jiang)口(kou)片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、朝天(tian)馬(ma)片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和海(hai)(hai)子(zi)坪片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)三(san)個片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組成(cheng)(cheng)，三(san)江(jiang)口(kou)片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由原(yuan)(yuan)來(lai)的三(san)江(jiang)口(kou)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和小巖(yan)方市(shi)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組成(cheng)(cheng)；朝天(tian)馬(ma)片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)由原(yuan)(yuan)來(lai)的朝天(tian)馬(ma)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和羅漢(han)壩(ba)(ba)市(shi)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)組成(cheng)(cheng)；而海(hai)(hai)子(zi)坪片區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)原(yuan)(yuan)海(hai)(hai)子(zi)坪省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。云南烏蒙山國家級(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)總(zong)面積26186.65公(gong)頃。?

保護目標

綜述

云(yun)(yun)南(nan)烏蒙(meng)山(shan)國家(jia)級自然保護區是(shi)保存面積(ji)較大而完(wan)整，類型(xing)結構典型(xing)，并具(ju)有(you)云(yun)(yun)貴(gui)高原代表性(xing)的亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶山(shan)地(di)濕(shi)性(xing)常綠闊葉林(lin)森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)，同時以維護烏蒙(meng)山(shan)區與金沙江—長江流域生(sheng)態(tai)安全為主要(yao)保護管理(li)目標，其主要(yao)保護對象(xiang)為亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶濕(shi)性(xing)常綠闊葉林(lin)森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)、珍稀瀕危動植物物種資源及其棲息地(di)。?

動物分類

哺乳類

截至2016年，云(yun)南烏蒙山國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區有哺(bu)(bu)乳動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)9目(mu)、28科(ke)、70屬、92種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區分布有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)和(he)CITES附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)Ⅰ、附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)Ⅱ保(bao)(bao)護(hu)的(de)哺(bu)(bu)乳類23種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有金錢豹(bao)、云(yun)豹(bao)和(he)林(lin)麝3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有黑(hei)熊(xiong)、小(xiao)熊(xiong)貓、水(shui)獺、金貓、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華鬣(lie)羚、川西(xi)斑羚、穿(chuan)山甲、水(shui)鹿、獼(mi)猴(hou)、藏酋猴(hou)、豺、青(qing)鼬、小(xiao)爪水(shui)獺、大靈(ling)貓、小(xiao)靈(ling)貓、叢林(lin)貓16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，毛冠鹿是云(yun)南省Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生哺(bu)(bu)乳動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)；CITES的(de)附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)-Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)多(duo)，除3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有黑(hei)熊(xiong)、林(lin)麝、穿(chuan)山甲、水(shui)獺、金貓、鬣(lie)羚和(he)斑羚等7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦(yi)被列(lie)(lie)為附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)-Ⅰ物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，另(ling)有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)未列(lie)(lie)入國(guo)(guo)家(jia)重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)名單的(de)豹(bao)貓和(he)北樹鼩也被列(lie)(lie)為附(fu)(fu)錄(lu)-Ⅱ物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。重(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)哺(bu)(bu)乳動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)較(jiao)多(duo)是保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區的(de)另(ling)一大特色。?

鳥類

截至2016年，云南烏蒙(meng)山國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)共(gong)有356種(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬于(yu)18目(mu)、66科；并且(qie)在(zai)(zai)各生境類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)都有分(fen)布，以(yi)常綠闊(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)記(ji)錄(lu)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)為最多有197種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)記(ji)錄(lu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)55.34%，針闊(kuo)混交(jiao)林(lin)(lin)187種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)52.53 %、干熱(re)河谷180種(zhong)(zhong)，農田耕作地175種(zhong)(zhong)，濕地93種(zhong)(zhong)，松林(lin)(lin)生境類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)相對較(jiao)少(shao)有80種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)22.47%，反映了(le)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)分(fen)布的(de)(de)生境多樣(yang)性特(te)征。居留情況以(yi)留鳥(niao)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)絕對優勢計(ji)195種(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)記(ji)錄(lu)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)54.78%，夏候鳥(niao)50種(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)19.04%， 冬(dong)候鳥(niao)64種(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)17. 98% ，旅鳥(niao)47種(zhong)(zhong)、占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)13. 20%。在(zai)(zai)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)分(fen)布區(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)也十分(fen)的(de)(de)豐富，總(zong)體(ti)上以(yi)東(dong)洋型(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)優勢，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)所錄(lu)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)31.18%，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)又以(yi)熱(re)帶(dai)～溫帶(dai)、熱(re)帶(dai)～北(bei)亞熱(re)帶(dai)和熱(re)帶(dai)～中(zhong)(zhong)亞熱(re)帶(dai)的(de)(de)繁殖鳥(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)為多；其(qi)次是喜(xi)馬(ma)拉雅－橫斷山區(qu)(qu)(qu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)16.29%，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)又以(yi)橫斷山～喜(xi)馬(ma)拉雅和在(zai)(zai)橫斷山區(qu)(qu)(qu)繁殖的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)為多；古(gu)北(bei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)14. 04%，泛古(gu)北(bei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)10.11%，東(dong)北(bei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan) 9.55%，全北(bei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)7.30%，南中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)型(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)7.02%，季(ji)風型(xing)(xing)(xing)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1.12%。該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)分(fen)布類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)與區(qu)(qu)(qu)系組成表現出該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)處于(yu)東(dong)洋界向古(gu)北(bei)界過渡的(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域(yu)特(te)征。該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)保護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)較(jiao)多，有國(guo)家I級(ji)重點保護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有4種(zhong)(zhong)（四(si)川山鷓鴣、白鷴(xian)峨眉亞種(zhong)(zhong)、黑頸鶴、黑鸛），國(guo)家II級(ji)重點保護(hu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)30種(zhong)(zhong)。?

兩棲爬行類

截至2016年，云南烏(wu)蒙(meng)山國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護(hu)(hu)區已知(zhi)具(ju)有93種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兩棲(qi)爬行(xing)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中兩棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬于2目9科19屬；爬行(xing)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)54種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬于3目（亞目）11科29屬。該流域還具(ju)有不少數量的珍稀、瀕危和(he)重點(dian)保護(hu)(hu)兩棲(qi)爬行(xing)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)，其(qi)中包括2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家Ⅱ級保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，大鯢和(he)貴州疣螈；3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)云南省保護(hu)(hu)的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即舟山眼(yan)鏡(jing)(jing)蛇(she)、孟加拉眼(yan)鏡(jing)(jing)蛇(she)和(he)眼(yan)鏡(jing)(jing)王(wang)蛇(she)；5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)云南省有經濟價值(zhi)的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即平胸龜、鱉、王(wang)錦蛇(she)、黑眉錦蛇(she)和(he)烏(wu)梢(shao)蛇(she)；3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)列入《瀕危野生動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公約》（CITES）附錄II的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即平胸龜、眼(yan)鏡(jing)(jing)蛇(she)和(he)眼(yan)鏡(jing)(jing)王(wang)蛇(she)，它們屬于典型的熱帶成(cheng)分，該區是該類(lei)群分布的最北限，在生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地理上(shang)具(ju)有特別重要(yao)的意(yi)義。?

魚類

云(yun)南烏蒙山國家級自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類區(qu)(qu)系在金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類區(qu)(qu)系中(zhong)具有典型(xing)的(de)代(dai)表地位。截(jie)至2016年，金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系共(gong)(gong)記載(zai)土著(zhu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類86種(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)屬(shu)6目11科57屬(shu)。保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)小(xiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)共(gong)(gong)有魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類47種(zhong)(zhong)，分(fen)別(bie)隸屬(shu)于3目9科39屬(shu)，而保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)僅屬(shu)金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)下游江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)段的(de)支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)小(xiao)部分(fen)地區(qu)(qu)，并不包(bao)括(kuo)昭通水(shui)富、綏江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)等縣干流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)地區(qu)(qu)，但物種(zhong)(zhong)數卻占金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)整(zheng)個流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)總種(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)54.6%。可見，保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類區(qu)(qu)系雖(sui)由支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)組成，但種(zhong)(zhong)類豐富，區(qu)(qu)系復雜，是(shi)云(yun)南金(jin)沙(sha)(sha)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類區(qu)(qu)系中(zhong)具有代(dai)表性的(de)地區(qu)(qu)。?

昆蟲

截至(zhi)2016年(nian)，云南烏(wu)蒙(meng)山國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護區共(gong)記載(zai)昆(kun)蟲(chong)綱(gang)9目(mu)(mu)71科(ke)(ke)302屬(shu)(shu)(shu)423種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中記載(zai)直翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)3科(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，半翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)6科(ke)(ke)26屬(shu)(shu)(shu)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，同(tong)翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)5科(ke)(ke)7屬(shu)(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，脈(mo)翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鞘翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)17科(ke)(ke)68屬(shu)(shu)(shu)82種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鱗翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)32科(ke)(ke)181屬(shu)(shu)(shu)242種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雙翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，膜翅(chi)(chi)目(mu)(mu)6科(ke)(ke)30屬(shu)(shu)(shu)45種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。?

植物分類

云南烏蒙山國家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保護區的自然(ran)環境條件和植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被地理(li)特點獨具一格，植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被類型可以(yi)劃分(fen)為(wei)4個(ge)(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被型、5個(ge)(ge)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被亞(ya)型、18個(ge)(ge)群(qun)系和44個(ge)(ge)群(qun)叢(cong)，主(zhu)要(yao)森林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被類型為(wei)濕性(xing)常綠闊(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)，以(yi)峨眉栲林(lin)(lin)、硬(ying)斗石櫟林(lin)(lin)、華木荷(he)林(lin)(lin)、四(si)川(chuan)新木姜子林(lin)(lin)等4個(ge)(ge)群(qun)系為(wei)主(zhu)。?

截至2016年，云南(nan)烏蒙山國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共記載野(ye)(ye)生維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)179科(ke)(ke)，756屬(shu)(shu)，2174種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括28亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，153變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。其(qi)中，蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)33科(ke)(ke)，91屬(shu)(shu)，242種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括2亞(ya)(ya)科(ke)(ke)，3變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4科(ke)(ke)，5屬(shu)(shu)，6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括1變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；被(bei)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)142科(ke)(ke)，660屬(shu)(shu)，1926種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括26亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，149變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）；種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)共146科(ke)(ke)，665屬(shu)(shu)，1932種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（包(bao)括26亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，150變(bian)(bian)(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)）。 保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)146科(ke)(ke)可(ke)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)9個(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)和11個(ge)(ge)變(bian)(bian)(bian)型(xing)(xing)，顯(xian)示出該區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)科(ke)(ke)級(ji)水平上的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理成分(fen)(fen)(fen)較為(wei)復雜，聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)較為(wei)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)泛。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)653屬(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)15個(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)和17個(ge)(ge)變(bian)(bian)(bian)型(xing)(xing)，基本(ben)(ben)涵蓋(gai)了(le)中國(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)，顯(xian)示了(le)本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)在(zai)屬(shu)(shu)級(ji)水平上的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理成分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)復雜性(xing)，以(yi)及同(tong)世界其(qi)它地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)泛聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)水平上的(de)(de)(de)地(di)理成分(fen)(fen)(fen)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)泛。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布著1911種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)野(ye)(ye)生種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，可(ke)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)14個(ge)(ge)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)和20個(ge)(ge)變(bian)(bian)(bian)型(xing)(xing)，顯(xian)示出該保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)在(zai)地(di)理區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)上的(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)泛聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。中國(guo)(guo)特(te)有(you)成分(fen)(fen)(fen)、東亞(ya)(ya)成分(fen)(fen)(fen)和熱帶(dai)亞(ya)(ya)洲成分(fen)(fen)(fen)是構(gou)成本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)主體成分(fen)(fen)(fen)，反映(ying)了(le)本(ben)(ben)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)既有(you)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)泛性(xing)又有(you)自身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)明(ming)顯(xian)特(te)征(zheng)。 在(zai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內眾(zhong)多植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中，珍稀(xi)瀕危保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)極具特(te)色，按1999年國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院頒布的(de)(de)(de)《國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)名錄（第一(yi)批(pi)）》統計，有(you)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)野(ye)(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)珙(gong)桐、南(nan)方紅豆杉、福建柏(bo)、連(lian)香樹、香果樹、十齒(chi)花(hua)、水青樹、金毛狗、中華桫(suo)(suo)欏(luo)(luo)、粗齒(chi)桫(suo)(suo)欏(luo)(luo)、小(xiao)黑桫(suo)(suo)欏(luo)(luo)、桫(suo)(suo)欏(luo)(luo)、禿(tu)葉黃檗(bo)、金蕎麥和異(yi)穎草等(deng)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。按保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)級(ji)別劃(hua)分(fen)(fen)(fen)，屬(shu)(shu)于國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)于國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。云南(nan)省(sheng)級(ji)重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被(bei)IUCN紅色名錄收(shou)錄保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)等(deng)級(ji)在(zai)易危（VU）以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)有(you)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，被(bei)CITES收(shou)錄的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

三江口(kou)片區(qu)是(shi)昭通市天然林保存(cun)最好的一個地(di)(di)區(qu)，也是(shi)全(quan)省乃至全(quan)國范圍內珙(gong)桐、筇竹最集中連片分(fen)布的地(di)(di)區(qu)。保護(hu)區(qu)內現(xian)有國家(jia)Ⅰ級保護(hu)植(zhi)物珙(gong)桐、南方紅豆(dou)杉(shan)，國家(jia)II級保護(hu)植(zhi)物連香樹、福建柏、水青(qing)樹、十齒花、水青(qing)樹等，其他具有重要經濟及觀(guan)賞價值的動植(zhi)物若干(gan)。

朝天馬(ma)(ma)片區(qu)內(nei)的森(sen)林類型按(an)照優勢(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)和結構大體(ti)分為(wei)：珙桐—水青樹林、十(shi)齒花—五加林、樺—木荷—栲類林、散生小徑竹(zhu)林。在已公布(bu)的國家第一、二批1032種(zhong)(zhong)珍稀瀕危保護植物中(zhong)，朝天馬(ma)(ma)片區(qu)分布(bu)有29種(zhong)(zhong)。在云南省(sheng)1989年公布(bu)的215種(zhong)(zhong)省(sheng)級重點保護野生植物中(zhong)，朝天馬(ma)(ma)片區(qu)分布(bu)有5種(zhong)(zhong)。

海(hai)(hai)子(zi)坪片(pian)區(qu)(qu)是以保(bao)(bao)護毛(mao)竹(zhu)、水竹(zhu)、羅漢竹(zhu)等(deng)常綠闊葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)為主(zhu)要(yao)對(dui)象(xiang)的(de)(de)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)生態系統類型(xing)自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)(qu)。該(gai)片(pian)區(qu)(qu)內有(you)國家Ⅰ級保(bao)(bao)護植物2種，II級保(bao)(bao)護植物3種（具(ju)憑(ping)證標本的(de)(de)）。在(zai)海(hai)(hai)子(zi)坪片(pian)區(qu)(qu)天然分(fen)布的(de)(de)毛(mao)竹(zhu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)面積超過200公頃(qing)，是目前國內保(bao)(bao)護好、古老(lao)的(de)(de)原(yuan)始毛(mao)竹(zhu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)，也是我(wo)國毛(mao)竹(zhu)分(fen)布區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)西部(bu)邊緣地帶，這(zhe)對(dui)研究野生毛(mao)竹(zhu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)遺傳多(duo)樣性(xing)及分(fen)布規(gui)律有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)價值。該(gai)片(pian)區(qu)(qu)還是我(wo)國野生天麻的(de)(de)原(yuan)產地之一(yi)，是小草(cao)壩野生天麻原(yuan)產地的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組成部(bu)分(fen)。?

管理措施

管理機構

2014年(nian)12月25日，昭通(tong)市機構編(bian)制委員會批準(zhun)成(cheng)立云南烏蒙山國家級自(zi)然保護(hu)區管理局，為昭通(tong)市林業(ye)(ye)局下(xia)屬相當于正科級財(cai)政全額(e)預算事業(ye)(ye)單位，核定事業(ye)(ye)編(bian)制15名、科級領(ling)導職數3名（1正2副）。

2015年12月1日，云南省機構(gou)編制委員會批準設(she)立(li)云南烏(wu)蒙山(shan)國家級自然保護(hu)區管護(hu)局，為昭(zhao)通市(shi)林業局下屬正(zheng)處(chu)級事業單(dan)位，核定事業編制62名，其(qi)中：局長1名（正(zheng)處(chu)級），副局長3名（副處(chu)級）。?

管理內容

2016年9月7日(ri)，云南烏蒙山國家(jia)級自然保護區管(guan)護局開展(zhan)集中整治破壞森林資源違法行為專項行動。?

開發利用

科學研究

2014年，為準確評(ping)價天然(ran)氣輸送管道工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)對烏蒙山國家級自然(ran)保護區生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性造(zao)成的影響程度及其可控性，全(quan)面調查評(ping)價區域的生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)多樣性現狀，并重點闡述了建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目對評(ping)價區景觀(guan)（生(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統）、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)群(qun)落（棲息地(di)）、物(wu)(wu)種（種群(qun)）、主(zhu)要保護對象和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)安全(quan)的影響評(ping)價。?

旅游景點

扎(zha)西會議(yi)紀念(nian)館位于(yu)云(yun)南威信縣仔細鎮(zhen)北，由扎(zha)西會議(yi)會址、陳列館、紅軍(jun)烈士紀念(nian)碑(bei)三個部分組成，占地3824平方米。是云(yun)南省重(zhong)點(dian)文物保護單位。1985年，中共(gong)中央書記胡耀邦視察(cha)昭通時題寫“扎(zha)西會議(yi)會址”。

黃連(lian)(lian)河瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)群，位于(yu)大關縣(xian)城東(dong)南(nan)側5公(gong)里(li)，緊鄰213國(guo)道，面積42平方公(gong)里(li)，有(you)“中(zhong)國(guo)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)之鄉”之稱。5平方公(gong)里(li)的主(zhu)游(you)覽區內就(jiu)有(you)大小(xiao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)40余個，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)水之源，水有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之靈，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)有(you)水，水在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)，大關黃連(lian)(lian)河瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)群有(you)著(zhu)險(xian)峻(jun)挺拔的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，清秀靈逸的水，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水交融相得益彰描繪了一幅美侖美奐(huan)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水畫(hua)。此(ci)外還有(you)地下溶洞(dong)、奇峰峭壁、密(mi)林(lin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)花(hua)、古剎名勝(sheng)、苗族風(feng)情等景(jing)觀，集山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、水、林(lin)、洞(dong)融為一體，以峻(jun)、秀、奇、幽蔚(yu)為大觀，是開展旅(lv)游(you)觀光、休(xiu)閑娛樂、度假療養的旅(lv)游(you)勝(sheng)地。?

海(hai)子坪是1984年省人民(min)政(zheng)府批準建立的以保(bao)護(hu)天然毛竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)(lin)、水竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)(lin)、羅(luo)漢竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)(lin)、小熊(xiong)貓(mao)等(deng)野生動植(zhi)物(wu)、天麻生境(jing)等(deng)為(wei)主的省級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區，位于彝良(liang)縣東北部洛旺鄉中廠村(cun)，地處滇、川(chuan)邊界(jie)，與四川(chuan)筠連、昭通市(shi)鎮雄縣、威(wei)信縣接壤(rang)，距彝良(liang)縣城160公里，海(hai)拔1239—1709米(mi)之間，活立木總蓄(xu)積量11.50萬立方(fang)米(mi) [13] ?，面(mian)積達4.5萬畝(mu)(mu) [14] ?。保(bao)護(hu)區內有(you)國家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)樹珙(gong)桐，古老工(gong)藝竹(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)羅(luo)漢竹(zhu)(zhu)和(he)世界(jie)馳名的觀賞竹(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)方(fang)竹(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)。其中：毛竹(zhu)(zhu)0.7萬畝(mu)(mu)，21.44萬株(zhu)，最高(gao)達15米(mi)，胸徑14～18厘米(mi)；水竹(zhu)(zhu)1.05萬畝(mu)(mu)。有(you)國家(jia)(jia)一(yi)級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)娃(wa)娃(wa)雞、紅腹錦(jin)(jin)(jin)雞、白腹錦(jin)(jin)(jin)雞、白鷴錦(jin)(jin)(jin)雞、大鯢魚（娃(wa)娃(wa)魚）；國家(jia)(jia)二級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)小熊(xiong)貓(mao)；國家(jia)(jia)三級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)動物(wu)黑熊(xiong)、野牛等(deng)。

生態價值

云南(nan)烏蒙山國家級自然(ran)(ran)保護區由于獨(du)特的自然(ran)(ran)地理和氣(qi)候(hou)條件(jian)，使得區內(nei)生物(wu)多(duo)樣性(xing)(xing)極為(wei)豐富，區內(nei)的亞熱帶(dai)山地濕性(xing)(xing)常綠闊葉林極具典型性(xing)(xing)和代表(biao)性(xing)(xing)，也是(shi)同緯度的華中華東地區天(tian)然(ran)(ran)植被(bei)的代表(biao)，是(shi)真正的高山水塔，保護好這一地區典型的天(tian)然(ran)(ran)森林生態(tai)系統和天(tian)然(ran)(ran)的物(wu)種基因庫意義十分(fen)重大。?

云南烏蒙山(shan)國(guo)家級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)的建立(li)，為滇(dian)東(dong)北、川西(xi)(xi)南山(shan)地特有種、中國(guo)重點保(bao)(bao)護鳥類、國(guo)際(ji)珍稀瀕危物(wu)種 —— 四川山(shan)鷓鴣、白鷴(xian)峨(e)眉亞種、黑頸(jing)鶴(he)、黑鸛等種類及(ji)其對(dui)西(xi)(xi)南山(shan)地亞區(qu)、川西(xi)(xi)南滇(dian)東(dong)北山(shan)地小區(qu)的區(qu)系成分，提供了良好的棲息地保(bao)(bao)護，并對(dui)長江上游水源林保(bao)(bao)護具有特殊意義。