馬(ma)世龍(long)(1594年(nian)~1634年(nian)),明末將領,字(zi)蒼(cang)淵,或蒼(cang)元,漢族將領。寧(ning)(ning)夏衛(今(jin)寧(ning)(ning)夏銀川)人(ren)。由世職武(wu)舉(ju)中試,歷任(ren)宣(xuan)府(今(jin)河北宣(xuan)化)游擊(ji),永平(今(jin)河北盧(lu)龍(long))副(fu)總兵(bing)(bing),署任(ren)都(dou)督僉事、三屯營(今(jin)河北遷西西北)總兵(bing)(bing)官。當時大學(xue)士、兵(bing)(bing)部尚(shang)書孫(sun)承(cheng)宗出(chu)鎮遼東,推薦馬(ma)世龍(long)隨行,擔(dan)任(ren)山海(hai)(今(jin)河北山海(hai)關)總兵(bing)(bing),協助自己鎮守(shou)遼東,共建大功(gong)而加右都(dou)督銜。
天啟五年(nian)(nian)(1625年(nian)(nian))九(jiu)月,馬(ma)世龍(long)誤信自(zi)后(hou)金(jin)逃歸的(de)(de)(de)“降虜生員”劉伯鏹的(de)(de)(de)話,派寧(ning)遠中(zhong)(zhong)協副(fu)將魯之(zhi)甲(jia)為(wei)主將,參(can)將李承先為(wei)前鋒率領4個營(ying)(ying)(車炮營(ying)(ying)一、鐵(tie)騎營(ying)(ying)一、水營(ying)(ying)二(er))7000戰兵(bing)(bing)偷(tou)襲耀州,由于(yu)關寧(ning)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)都(dou)(dou)是沒(mei)上過戰場(chang)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)兵(bing)(bing),花了3天還沒(mei)有搭(da)好浮橋(qiao)。后(hou)金(jin)當時(shi)在耀州有一個牛錄(lu)的(de)(de)(de)無甲(jia)旗丁(ding)和(he)(he)婦孺,還有有牛錄(lu)額真屯布魯的(de)(de)(de)100戰兵(bing)(bing),得知明(ming)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)消(xiao)息后(hou),屯布魯和(he)(he)戰兵(bing)(bing)連夜(ye)(ye)埋伏在官道(dao)兩(liang)旁(pang),等(deng)明(ming)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)入夜(ye)(ye)到達時(shi)讓城中(zhong)(zhong)婦孺舉(ju)火敲鑼打鼓,明(ming)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)人馬(ma)疲乏后(hou),屯布魯突然從兩(liang)側殺出,因為(wei)黑(hei)暗(an)中(zhong)(zhong)不知敵人多少,大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)在慌亂中(zhong)(zhong)崩潰了,先逃一步的(de)(de)(de)騎兵(bing)(bing)為(wei)了防止敵人追擊,竟然扒斷了浮橋(qiao),導致了更大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)亡。此戰后(hou)金(jin)斬首四(si)百級,包括魯之(zhi)甲(jia)與(yu)李承先,繳獲(huo)(huo)鐵(tie)甲(jia)700,戰馬(ma)600,史稱(cheng)“柳(liu)河之(zhi)敗”。戰后(hou)馬(ma)世龍(long)被(bei)參(can)劾,便稱(cheng)病離(li)任。崇禎二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1629年(nian)(nian)),后(hou)金(jin)大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)入犯京畿(ji),京城戒嚴,與(yu)孫承宗(zong)再度被(bei)起用,獲(huo)(huo)賜尚(shang)方(fang)劍,總理(li)諸路勤王大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。次年(nian)(nian)進(jin)左都(dou)(dou)督(du),加太子少保、蔭本衛世千戶。不久,再度“以病歸”養寧(ning)夏。
崇(chong)禎(zhen)六年(nian)(1633年(nian))五月,蒙部(bu)插(cha)漢(han)、虎敦兔連合河(he)套各部(bu)大舉進犯寧(ning)(ning)夏,寧(ning)(ning)夏總(zong)兵(bing)(bing)官賀(he)虎臣戰死,明廷(ting)任命(ming)馬世(shi)龍(long)代理寧(ning)(ning)夏總(zong)兵(bing)(bing)官。世(shi)龍(long)生長于寧(ning)(ning)夏,對寧(ning)(ning)夏山川、地理、形勝十分熟悉,加之(zhi)(zhi)攻防(fang)戰備(bei)有方,半年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)內,與來犯之(zhi)(zhi)敵在賀(he)蘭(lan)山一帶和玉泉營(ying)、棗(zao)園堡等地數戰皆捷,斬斃敵軍二三千之(zhi)(zhi)多,世(shi)龍(long)威名大震西陲。崇(chong)禎(zhen)七年(nian)(1634年(nian)),病逝。追(zhui)贈太子太傅,世(shi)襲錦衣僉事。
馬(ma)世龍家族在(zai)清(qing)代(dai)更加興旺(wang)發(fa)達,他的曾孫馬(ma)會伯(bo)(字(zi)樂聞(wen)(wen)),官(guan)(guan)至(zhi)四川、湖北巡(xun)撫、兵部尚書銜總(zong)兵官(guan)(guan)。馬(ma)會伯(bo)堂兄馬(ma)際伯(bo)(字(zi)逸聞(wen)(wen)),官(guan)(guan)至(zhi)四川提督(du)。其子紀師、紀勛均為總(zong)兵官(guan)(guan)。馬(ma)際伯(bo)胞(bao)弟馬(ma)見伯(bo)(字(zi)衡聞(wen)(wen)),能文能武,有(you)儒將風,深受康熙皇(huang)帝的寵愛,官(guan)(guan)至(zhi)固(gu)原提督(du)。馬(ma)見伯(bo)胞(bao)弟馬(ma)覿伯(bo)(字(zi)廣聞(wen)(wen)),武進士出身,官(guan)(guan)至(zhi)大同鎮總(zong)兵官(guan)(guan)。
夏允彝:承(cheng)宗(zong)...其所推轂大帥馬世(shi)龍,貌甚偉而(er)無將略(lve)也(ye)。
馬世龍,字蒼(cang)元(yuan),寧夏人。由世職舉武會試,歷宣府游擊(ji)。
天啟(qi)二年抉(jue)永平副總(zong)兵(bing)(bing)。署兵(bing)(bing)部孫承宗(zong)奇(qi)其才,薦授(shou)署都督僉事(shi),充三(san)屯營總(zong)兵(bing)(bing)官。承宗(zong)出鎮,薦為山海總(zong)兵(bing)(bing),俾領中(zhong)部,調總(zong)兵(bing)(bing)王世(shi)(shi)欽、尤世(shi)(shi)祿分領南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)二部。三(san)年正月賜尚方劍,實(shi)授(shou)府銜。承宗(zong)為筑壇拜大將,代行授(shou)鉞(yue)禮,軍(jun)馬錢谷盡屬之。尋定(ding)分地,世(shi)(shi)龍(long)居中(zhong),駐衛城,世(shi)(shi)欽南(nan)(nan)海,世(shi)(shi)祿北(bei)(bei)山,并受世(shi)(shi)龍(long)節(jie)制,兵(bing)(bing)各萬(wan)五千人。世(shi)(shi)龍(long)感承宗(zong)知已(yi),頗盡力,與(yu)承宗(zong)定(ding)計出守關外諸城。四年,偕巡(xun)撫(fu)喻安性及袁崇(chong)煥東巡(xun)廣寧,又與(yu)崇(chong)煥、世(shi)(shi)欽航海抵(di)蓋套,相度形(xing)勢而還。敘(xu)勞,加右(you)都督。
當(dang)是時,承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宗(zong)(zong)統士馬十余(yu)萬,用將校數百人(ren),歲費軍儲數百萬。諸有求(qiu)于承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宗(zong)(zong)者(zhe),率因世(shi)龍(long)(long),不(bu)得則大(da)恚(hui)。而世(shi)龍(long)(long)貌偉,中實(shi)怯(qie),忌承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宗(zong)(zong)者(zhe)多擊(ji)世(shi)龍(long)(long)以(yi)撼之。承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宗(zong)(zong)抗辯于朝曰:“人(ren)謂其貪淫朘削,臣敢以(yi)百口保其必無(wu)。”帝以(yi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宗(zong)(zong)故,不(bu)問。
五(wu)年九月(yue),世(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)誤信降人劉(liu)伯(bo)漒言、遣(qian)前(qian)鋒副將魯之(zhi)甲(jia)、參(can)將李承(cheng)先(xian)率師(shi)襲取耀州,敗沒。言官交章劾奏,嚴旨切責,令戴(dai)罪圖(tu)功。時魏忠(zhong)賢(xian)方以清君(jun)側(ce)疑承(cheng)宗(zong),其(qi)黨(dang)攻世(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)者并及承(cheng)宗(zong)。承(cheng)宗(zong)不安(an)其(qi)位去(qu),以兵部尚書高第來代。職(zhi)方主事徐日久者,先(xian)佐第撓(nao)遼事,及從第贊畫,力攻世(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)。世(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)陰結忠(zhong)賢(xian),反削(xue)日久籍。其(qi)冬,世(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)亦謝病去(qu)。
崇禎元年(nian),王在(zai)晉為(wei)尚書。世(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)上疏極論其罪,有詔逮世(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long),久不至。在(zai)晉罷,始詣獄(yu)。二年(nian)冬,都城(cheng)戒嚴。刑(xing)部尚書喬允(yun)升薦世(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)才,詔圖功(gong)自贖(shu)。會祖大(da)壽師潰,京師大(da)震。承宗再(zai)起(qi)督師,以便宜遣(qian)世(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)馳諭大(da)壽聽(ting)命。及滿桂戰(zhan)死,遂令(ling)世(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)代為(wei)總理,賜(si)尚方劍,盡統諸鎮(zhen)援師。
三年三月(yue)(yue)進(jin)左都(dou)督。時遵化、永平,遷(qian)(qian)安、灤(luan)州四(si)(si)城失守已三月(yue)(yue)。承(cheng)(cheng)宗、大(da)壽隔關(guan)門,與世(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)諸(zhu)(zhu)軍聲息斷絕(jue)。帝急詔四(si)(si)方兵勤王(wang),昌平尤(you)世(shi)(shi)(shi)威、薊(ji)鎮楊肇基、保定曹鳴雷、山海宋(song)偉、山西(xi)王(wang)國梁、固(gu)原楊麒(qi)、延綏(sui)吳(wu)自(zi)勉、臨洮王(wang)承(cheng)(cheng)恩、寧夏(xia)尤(you)世(shi)(shi)(shi)祿、甘肅(su)楊嘉謨,所將(jiang)皆諸(zhu)(zhu)邊(bian)銳卒;內地則(ze)山東、河南、南都(dou)、湖廣、浙江、江西(xi)、福建、四(si)(si)川諸(zhu)(zhu)軍,亦先后至。并壁薊(ji)門,觀(guan)望不進(jin)。給事中張第(di)元上言(yan):“世(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)在關(guan)數載,績(ji)效(xiao)無聞,非(fei)(fei)若衛(wei)(wei)、霍之(zhi)儔,功名足以(yi)服人也。諸(zhu)(zhu)帥宿將(jiang),非(fei)(fei)世(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)偏裨,欲驅策節制,誰(shui)能甘之(zhi)。師(shi)老財匱,銳氣(qi)日(ri)(ri)消,延及夏(xia)秋,將(jiang)有不可言(yan)者(zhe)。”帝以(yi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)方規進(jin)取(qu),不納(na)其言(yan)。時大(da)壽于五月(yue)(yue)十日(ri)(ri)薄灤(luan)州。明日(ri)(ri),世(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)等以(yi)師(shi)會(hui)。又明日(ri)(ri)復(fu)其城。十三日(ri)(ri),游擊靳國臣復(fu)遷(qian)(qian)安。明日(ri)(ri),副將(jiang)何可綱復(fu)永平。又二(er)日(ri)(ri),別將(jiang)復(fu)遵化。閱(yue)五月(yue)(yue),四(si)(si)城始復(fu)。論功,大(da)壽最(zui),世(shi)(shi)(shi)祿次(ci)之(zhi)。世(shi)(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)加太子少保,廕本衛(wei)(wei)世(shi)(shi)(shi)千戶。八月(yue)(yue)復(fu)謝病歸(gui)。
六年(nian)五月(yue),插漢虎(hu)墩兔合套(tao)(tao)寇犯(fan)(fan)寧(ning)夏,總兵(bing)賀虎(hu)臣戰歿,詔起世(shi)(shi)龍(long)代之(zhi)(zhi)。世(shi)(shi)龍(long)生長(chang)寧(ning)夏,習(xi)其(qi)形勢,大修戰備。七(qi)年(nian)正月(yue),二部(bu)入犯(fan)(fan),遣參將卜應第大破之(zhi)(zhi),斬(zhan)(zhan)首二百有奇。逾月(yue),套(tao)(tao)寇犯(fan)(fan)賀蘭山(shan)。世(shi)(shi)龍(long)遣降丁潛入其(qi)營,馘其(qi)長(chang)撒兒甲,斬(zhan)(zhan)級如前。未幾,插部(bu)大舉入寇。世(shi)(shi)龍(long)遣副將婁光先(xian)等分五道(dao)伏要(yao)害,而己(ji)中道(dao)待(dai)之(zhi)(zhi),夾擊,斬(zhan)(zhan)首八百有奇。巡撫(fu)王振奇亦斬(zhan)(zhan)三百余(yu)級。寇復(fu)(fu)犯(fan)(fan)河西玉(yu)泉宮,世(shi)(shi)龍(long)復(fu)(fu)邀斬(zhan)(zhan)五百余(yu)。其(qi)年(nian)七(qi)月(yue)犯(fan)(fan)棗園堡,世(shi)(shi)龍(long)又大敗之(zhi)(zhi),俘斬(zhan)(zhan)一(yi)千有奇。世(shi)(shi)龍(long)半歲(sui)中屢奏(zou)大捷,威名震西塞。無(wu)何,卒于官,年(nian)四十(shi)余(yu)。后(hou)論功(gong),贈太子太傅,世(shi)(shi)錦(jin)衣僉事,賜恤如制。