東昌古城即聊城古城,統稱為山東聊城古城。東昌古城被世界較寬,面積較大的護城河東昌湖所環繞,北宋時期的城垣。城呈正方形,總面積約1平方公里。古城特色有:光(guang)岳樓、山陜(shan)會館、東昌湖等。
城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)始建(jian)(jian)于宋熙寧三(san)年(1070),初為土城(cheng)(cheng)。明洪武五(wu)年(1372),東(dong)昌(chang)平山(shan)衛指揮僉事陳(chen)鏞改筑為磚城(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)周(zhou)長3.5千米(mi),高11.7米(mi),頂寬6.7米(mi),基厚(hou)11.7米(mi)。內墻(qiang)(qiang)用(yong)三(san)合土夯筑,外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)用(yong)磚石砌壘。城(cheng)(cheng)設4門(men),上筑門(men)樓,外(wai)設甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)。南(nan)(nan)、東(dong)、西(xi)甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)為扭頭門(men),南(nan)(nan)門(men)東(dong)向似鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)頭,東(dong)、西(xi)門(men)南(nan)(nan)向似鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)翅,北(bei)門(men)北(bei)向似鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)尾(wei),故名(ming)“鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)”。四城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓皆(jie)重檐(yan)歇山(shan),四角(jiao)飛(fei)翹,東(dong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“春(chun)熙”,西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“清遠”,南(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“正(zheng)德”,北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“宣(xuan)武”。明萬歷七年(1579),城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)上又(you)建(jian)(jian)垛口(kou)2700余個、敵樓27座(zuo);4城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)樓更名(ming),東(dong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“寅賓(bin)”,西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“納日”,南(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“南(nan)(nan)熏”,北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“鎖(suo)鑰”。各個城(cheng)(cheng)門(men)均有水門(men)、吊橋。城(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)北(bei)角(jiao)、西(xi)北(bei)角(jiao)原(yuan)有“望岳”“綠云(yun)”2樓。城(cheng)(cheng)高大堅固(gu),易守難攻,大有高屋建(jian)(jian)瓴、睥(pi)睨四鄰之勢,又(you)有“能(neng)陷不失的(de)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)”之說。
1947年1月(yue)聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)解放(fang)(fang),為(wei)防止敵(di)軍重占,遂將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)拆除(chu)。現僅存城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)墻(qiang)基,并被辟(pi)為(wei)環繞(rao)(rao)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的道(dao)路。光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)仍高(gao)高(gao)矗(chu)立于古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中央。以光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)為(wei)中心,向四(si)面輻射,形成東(dong)西(xi)南(nan)北4條大街(jie)(jie)(jie)。4條大街(jie)(jie)(jie)向外延伸,依次有東(dong)、西(xi)、南(nan)、北4口、4門、4關。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao),經緯分(fen)明,垂(chui)直交叉,形成棋盤方(fang)格網狀骨架。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)民(min)居(ju)多(duo)為(wei)三合院、四(si)合院,至(zhi)今保留著白墻(qiang)、灰瓦(wa)、坡屋頂的傳統建筑風格。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以東(dong),是運河(he)(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu),為(wei)明清時(shi)期發(fa)展起來(lai)的商埠(bu)區(qu)(qu)。這一(yi)(yi)帶的街(jie)(jie)(jie)巷多(duo)布列(lie)在運河(he)(he)兩岸,隨坡就勢,依河(he)(he)而建,大小(xiao)(xiao)街(jie)(jie)(jie)衢皆與運河(he)(he)相通,形成放(fang)(fang)射狀骨架。其街(jie)(jie)(jie)巷今仍沿用原(yuan)來(lai)的名稱。如(ru)(ru)南(nan)順河(he)(he)街(jie)(jie)(jie)、北順河(he)(he)街(jie)(jie)(jie)、館驛街(jie)(jie)(jie)等;沿河(he)(he)民(min)居(ju)多(duo)為(wei)前店后居(ju)、板門小(xiao)(xiao)院。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隔(ge)東(dong)昌湖與聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)新區(qu)(qu)緊密相連。從空中俯瞰,湖水像一(yi)(yi)幅(fu)巨(ju)大的緞(duan)帶環繞(rao)(rao)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),古(gu)老(lao)的大運河(he)(he)似玉(yu)帶在古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)蜿蜒而過(guo),鐵塔(ta)、光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)、山陜會館如(ru)(ru)明珠閃爍(shuo)于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中湖畔。
歷史(shi)的(de)(de)淵源給東昌(chang)古城(cheng)留下了繁多的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化藝術和生活氣息。民間(jian)剪紙、東昌(chang)葫蘆、木(mu)版年畫等民間(jian)藝術,還(huan)有古城(cheng)的(de)(de)狀元(yuan)街(jie)(jie)、考(kao)院(yuan)街(jie)(jie)、十縣胡同、火神廟街(jie)(jie)、關帝廟街(jie)(jie)等傳統風貌街(jie)(jie)……提起這些文(wen)(wen)化見證,古城(cheng)老(lao)居民津津樂道。
古(gu)城區共有九(jiu)街(jie)十(shi)八巷、七十(shi)二胡同。明清時期,大部(bu)(bu)分政府職能部(bu)(bu)門集中在古(gu)城的(de)西北部(bu)(bu)。直到現在,老人們(men)還可以很容易(yi)地指出哪(na)里(li)(li)是道署(shu)衙門,哪(na)里(li)(li)是文(wen)廟(miao)(miao),哪(na)里(li)(li)是驛所。而(er)在老城的(de)南半部(bu)(bu),居住的(de)都(dou)是當年(nian)的(de)大戶人家(jia),一(yi)些街(jie)道也就因附近的(de)寺廟(miao)(miao)和人家(jia)得名(ming)。
東昌(chang)府在(zai)明(ming)、清時期曾(ceng)為(wei)古(gu)運河(he)沿(yan)線九大(da)商埠之(zhi)一(yi),被譽為(wei)“漕挽之(zhi)咽喉,天都之(zhi)肘腋(ye),江北一(yi)都會”。明(ming)清兩(liang)代東昌(chang)府得益(yi)于京(jing)杭大(da)運河(he)漕運而(er)興盛,經濟繁榮、文化昌(chang)盛達400年(nian)之(zhi)久。而(er)乾隆皇帝御筆題名的(de)天下(xia)第(di)一(yi)樓(lou)——光岳(yue)樓(lou),是(shi)康乾盛世康熙帝四次駕臨、乾隆帝九次駐(zhu)蹕的(de)地(di)方(fang)。
如今的(de)(de)東昌古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng),依然保持著原有的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市格(ge)局——4條經(jing)緯(wei)分(fen)明的(de)(de)古(gu)老街道向四處(chu)延(yan)伸(shen),通過長(chang)長(chang)的(de)(de)拱橋與湖對岸連接。從第一(yi)次古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)規劃(hua)算起,五十多(duo)年來,東昌古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)特色格(ge)局基本沒有改變,這在各地(di)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)保護行列(lie)中稱得上是(shi)一(yi)個“奇跡”。在齊魯大(da)地(di)有一(yi)座被譽為“東方威尼斯(si)”、“中國江北水城(cheng)(cheng)”的(de)(de)鳳凰古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng),方方正(zheng)正(zheng)、狀如棋盤,在環城(cheng)(cheng)湖的(de)(de)環繞下(xia),悠然而寧靜地(di)漂浮(fu)在千頃碧波(bo)之(zhi)上……
滄海(hai)桑田(tian),千(qian)百(bai)年(nian)來(lai),隨著(zhu)(zhu)時代的變遷早已(yi)是換了(le)人間,而臥榻于黃(huang)河下游的聊城依然保留著(zhu)(zhu)它原有的古(gu)樸。這座(zuo)被世人譽(yu)為東方威(wei)尼(ni)斯的中(zhong)國(guo)江北(bei)水城,以它獨有的城中(zhong)有水、水中(zhong)有城的優勢吸引(yin)著(zhu)(zhu)天下游人。
悠久的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)為(wei)聊(liao)城(cheng)留下(xia)了眾多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)景觀(guan),光(guang)岳曉晴、巢父遺牧、崇武(wu)(wu)連墻(qiang)、綠云春曙、古秋(qiu)鋪瓊(qiong)、圣泉攜(xie)雨(yu)、仙閣云護、鐵(tie)塔(ta)煙霏合稱八大(da)(da)(da)勝景。今存聊(liao)城(cheng)古建(jian)筑光(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou)與山(shan)陜(shan)(shan)會館(guan)均(jun)于(yu)1956年(nian)被山(shan)東省列為(wei)省文物重點保護單位。馳(chi)名中(zhong)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)京(jing)杭(hang)大(da)(da)(da)運(yun)河象一(yi)(yi)條游龍越境而過。江北(bei)較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)造湖東昌湖,猶(you)如錦帶環(huan)抱古城(cheng)。光(guang)岳樓(lou)(lou),沖(chong)漢凌(ling)空,氣勢雄偉為(wei)魯西(xi)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)奇(qi)觀(guan)。山(shan)陜(shan)(shan)會館(guan)構筑巧妙,富麗堂皇建(jian)于(yu)宋金之際的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)塔(ta),俊崇渾樸為(wei)聊(liao)城(cheng)古老(lao)的(de)(de)(de)象征(zheng)。藏書甲天(tian)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)海(hai)源閣古樸莊重藏書宏(hong)富,為(wei)清(qing)(qing)代著(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)4大(da)(da)(da)私(si)人(ren)藏書樓(lou)(lou)之一(yi)(yi)。初建(jian)于(yu)北(bei)宋末年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)獅子樓(lou)(lou),雕梁畫棟(dong),因(yin)傳(chuan)說武(wu)(wu)松(song)在此斗殺西(xi)門慶而聞名海(hai)內外(wai)。造型獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)臨清(qing)(qing)清(qing)(qing)真寺、雄偉壯觀(guan)的(de)(de)(de)舍利塔(ta)、坐落(luo)于(yu)東阿(a)魚山(shan)西(xi)麓的(de)(de)(de)曹植墓、聞名遐(xia)邇(er)的(de)(de)(de)武(wu)(wu)松(song)打虎處-景陽岡無不凝(ning)聚著(zhu)先人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)智慧(hui)標(biao)志著(zhu)歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)文明閃(shan)爍著(zhu)中(zhong)華民族文化藝術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)燦爛異彩。
聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)光岳樓位于古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中央,建(jian)于明洪武(wu)七年(nian)(1374年(nian)),其通高33米,合(he)九(jiu)丈九(jiu)尺,是極(ji)陽之(zhi)數(shu),合(he)于易(yi)理(li);分(fen)五(wu)層而建(jian),暗(an)對河洛之(zhi)數(shu)。光岳樓是歷史文化名城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的標志(zhi)性(xing)建(jian)筑,也是目(mu)前(qian)中國(guo)現(xian)存的高大、古老的古樓閣之(zhi)一,是全國(guo)重點文物保護單位。
聊城光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)由當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)昌(chang)(chang)衛(wei)守(shou)御(yu)指揮(hui)僉(qian)事陳鏞(yong)出于“嚴更漏(lou)而窺敵望遠(yuan)”的(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)事需要(yao)用修(xiu)(xiu)城所剩余的(de)(de)(de)木料修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de),當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi),人(ren)們稱(cheng)它為“余木樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”。又(you)因此樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)有鼓聲報時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng),人(ren)們也稱(cheng)之為“鼓樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”。明(ming)成化二(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)年(1486年),知府楊能(neng)在維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)該(gai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)時(shi)(shi),因地(di)而名,稱(cheng)之為“東(dong)昌(chang)(chang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”。明(ming)弘治九年(1496年),吏部考功(gong)員外郎李贊過(guo)東(dong)昌(chang)(chang),訪太(tai)守(shou)金天(tian)錫(xi)先生,共(gong)登此樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),對該(gai)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)贊嘆不已,“因嘆斯樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),天(tian)下所無,雖黃鶴、岳(yue)陽亦當(dang)(dang)望拜(bai)。及(ji)今百年矣,尚寞落無名稱(cheng),不亦屈乎。因與天(tian)錫(xi)評命之曰‘光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)’,取(qu)其(qi)近魯有光(guang)于岱岳(yue)也”。此后,歷代重修(xiu)(xiu)碑(bei)記(ji)中,一直(zhi)沿用“光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)”的(de)(de)(de)名稱(cheng)。光(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)外觀為四重檐歇山十(shi)字脊過(guo)街式(shi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)閣(ge),從(cong)構造上可分為墩臺和(he)主(zhu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)兩(liang)大部分。
墩(dun)臺為(wei)磚石砌成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正四(si)棱臺,底(di)邊長34.43米(mi)(mi),與(yu)光(guang)岳(yue)樓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總高度(du)(du)相(xiang)(xiang)近,垂直(zhi)高度(du)(du)9.38米(mi)(mi)。臺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)、西、南、北四(si)面中(zhong)(zhong)部,各(ge)設有(you)(you)一(yi)半(ban)券(quan)拱門(men)(men),券(quan)至臺中(zhong)(zhong)心處成十字交叉拱。四(si)個券(quan)門(men)(men)上方(fang)(fang),各(ge)砌有(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)形門(men)(men)額(e)。南曰:“文明”,北曰:“武(wu)定”,東(dong)(dong)曰:“太平”,西曰:“興(xing)禮”。值得注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi),北門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“武(wu)定”帶有(you)(you)濃(nong)郁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)事色彩(cai),應與(yu)明朝建國初期對北方(fang)(fang)蒙(meng)古(gu)殘存勢力還抱有(you)(you)戒(jie)心有(you)(you)關(guan)。在(zai)南向拱門(men)(men)兩(liang)側(ce),又各(ge)開(kai)一(yi)小(xiao)拱門(men)(men),形制與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)間拱門(men)(men)相(xiang)(xiang)似,東(dong)(dong)側(ce)小(xiao)門(men)(men)門(men)(men)額(e)用青石刻成,上書(shu)“鳳(feng)城(cheng)仙闕”,西側(ce)刻有(you)(you)“閬苑瀛(ying)洲(zhou)”。“鳳(feng)城(cheng)仙闕”中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“鳳(feng)城(cheng)”,取名于(yu)聊城(cheng)舊有(you)(you)鳳(feng)凰(huang)落(luo)古(gu)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)。“仙闕”,這里(li)指神(shen)(shen)仙所住之處。讀來意境縹緲,給(gei)人(ren)以仙山瓊閣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯想(xiang)。“閬苑瀛(ying)洲(zhou)”中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“閬苑”,即(ji)傳(chuan)說(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)(shen)仙住處。“瀛(ying)洲(zhou)”,指傳(chuan)說(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仙島(dao)。兩(liang)額(e)雖(sui)不相(xiang)(xiang)同,卻(que)都在(zai)烘托超然(ran)(ran)物外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仙境氣氛。西門(men)(men)為(wei)假門(men)(men),只(zhi)存形式,以求和(he)東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)相(xiang)(xiang)稱。東(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)則是(shi)登樓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惟一(yi)通(tong)道(dao)。門(men)(men)寬3.14米(mi)(mi),拱高1.75米(mi)(mi)。而(er)實際(ji)使用仍顯過(guo)大,于(yu)是(shi)在(zai)券(quan)內另砌小(xiao)券(quan),門(men)(men)洞寬僅1.86米(mi)(mi)。踏門(men)(men)而(er)人(ren),門(men)(men)內為(wei)一(yi)方(fang)(fang)室,東(dong)(dong)設踏跺,升四(si)級(ji)至梯臺,南壁有(you)(you)一(yi)小(xiao)窗,以供通(tong)風采光(guang)之用。游(you)人(ren)可借光(guang)北轉(zhuan),信步攀(pan)37級(ji)而(er)到(dao)達平臺。平臺面積不大,卻(que)可駐足(zu)小(xiao)憩。游(you)人(ren)到(dao)此多有(you)(you)停留休息。然(ran)(ran)后再升15級(ji)到(dao)達臺面。
臺面(mian)上修一敞軒,以防(fang)雨(yu)水侵入梯(ti)(ti)臺。其建筑年(nian)代(dai)為(wei)清乾隆年(nian)間,位置恰在樓(lou)東之(zhi)中軸線上,由于(yu)東門為(wei)主(zhu)要大(da)道(dao),增其建筑以為(wei)標(biao)志。敞軒面(mian)闊5間,進深3間,單(dan)檐歇山(shan)卷棚頂,輕巧明快。在敞軒樓(lou)梯(ti)(ti)口處掛(gua)有(you)當代(dai)著名書法名家啟功先生所題寫的“共登(deng)青云(yun)梯(ti)(ti)”木刻匾額(e),字(zi)體清秀,筆力(li)遒勁。臺面(mian)墁磚,繞以女兒墻(qiang),東西兩側設有(you)排水道(dao)。站在墻(qiang)邊(bian),舉(ju)目四眺:遙(yao)瞻東南,岱岳峰巒(luan),若(ruo)隱若(ruo)現(xian);放眼南望,岸堤垂柳,菡萏滿湖(hu)(hu);縱目北矚(zhu),綠樹掩(yan)映(ying),瓦舍叢簇;仰視(shi)城外,阡陌縱橫,柳暗花明;回首俯視(shi),東昌湖(hu)(hu)水宛若(ruo)錦帶,環(huan)抱古城,湖(hu)(hu)城一色(se),饒有(you)佳趣。
登上樓基,便可見四(si)(si)層主樓筑于高(gao)臺之上,且(qie)全為木質結(jie)構。方形樓體外繞以圍廊,高(gao)約24米。共(gong)有金(jin)柱192根,斗拱200朵。第(di)一層樓的地(di)面比臺面略(lve)高(gao),呈正方形,四(si)(si)周砌以條石,面闊進(jin)深(shen)皆(jie)為5間,用內外雙(shuang)槽(cao)柱,外加(jia)圍廊,結(jie)構清爽明(ming)了。墻(qiang)表面飾紅(hong)堊,內側無(wu)粉飾,呈露清水(shui)磚(zhuan)墻(qiang)面。樓四(si)(si)面明(ming)間均設(she)板門兩(liang)扇,古樸典雅。
碑(bei)(bei)廊是由7通(tong)立碑(bei)(bei)、15塊(kuai)壁碑(bei)(bei)形成(cheng)的(de)。除了(le)兩(liang)塊(kuai)壁碑(bei)(bei)嵌在一(yi)樓(lou)內壁外(wai)(wai),其(qi)余20塊(kuai)都在一(yi)樓(lou)檐下或是外(wai)(wai)壁上(shang)。觀其(qi)內容,或為(wei)(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)葺勒石(shi),或為(wei)(wei)詩(shi)文,有(you)著極(ji)高的(de)歷(li)史、文學和藝術價值。其(qi)中,乾隆(long)詩(shi)碑(bei)(bei)是其(qi)中的(de)精品。乾隆(long)詩(shi)碑(bei)(bei)一(yi)共(gong)有(you)兩(liang)塊(kuai),一(yi)通(tong)立在東(dong)(dong)(dong)門外(wai)(wai)北,刻(ke)有(you)乾隆(long)于(yu)庚子年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1780年(nian)(nian)(nian))、甲(jia)辰年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1784年(nian)(nian)(nian))、庚戌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1790年(nian)(nian)(nian)),三次御制詩(shi)章共(gong)七首(shou)。另一(yi)塊(kuai)為(wei)(wei)壁碑(bei)(bei),嵌在南門外(wai)(wai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)壁上(shang),刻(ke)有(you)乾隆(long)丙(bing)申(shen)(1776年(nian)(nian)(nian)),御制詩(shi)作二首(shou)。此外(wai)(wai),還包括一(yi)些(xie)重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)光(guang)(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)的(de)碑(bei)(bei)文,是研究光(guang)(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)建(jian)筑的(de)重(zhong)要史料。《重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)昌府并(bing)光(guang)(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)記》碑(bei)(bei)立于(yu)南門外(wai)(wai),為(wei)(wei)清順治五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1649年(nian)(nian)(nian)),清代開國狀元,康熙之師傅以(yi)(yi)(yi)漸書丹。此外(wai)(wai),還有(you)由聊城(cheng)進士(shi)(shi)、戶部主事梁璽撰(zhuan)寫(xie)的(de)明成(cheng)化二十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1488年(nian)(nian)(nian))的(de)《重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)昌樓(lou)記》碑(bei)(bei);由聊城(cheng)進士(shi)(shi)、禮部右侍郎許(xu)成(cheng)名于(yu)明嘉(jia)靖(jing)十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1534年(nian)(nian)(nian))撰(zhuan)寫(xie)的(de)《重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)光(guang)(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)記》;由時任(ren)湖北安(an)襄荊(jing)鄖道員(yuan)、海源閣創建(jian)人楊以(yi)(yi)(yi)增撰(zhuan)寫(xie)于(yu)清道光(guang)(guang)二十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1840年(nian)(nian)(nian))的(de)《重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)光(guang)(guang)岳(yue)樓(lou)記》碑(bei)(bei)分別(bie)立于(yu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)門以(yi)(yi)(yi)及四門外(wai)(wai)。在一(yi)樓(lou)的(de)東(dong)(dong)(dong)門額上(shang),還懸(xuan)有(you)一(yi)木質(zhi)的(de)“泰岱東(dong)(dong)(dong)來作翠屏(ping)”橫匾,白地黑字,為(wei)(wei)清代山東(dong)(dong)(dong)學使施閏章題寫(xie)。
一(yi)樓(lou)(lou)門內北面(mian),在(zai)明間檐柱(zhu)(zhu)與金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)穿插枋上設著(zhu)(zhu)魯(lu)班(ban)神(shen)龕(kan)。龕(kan)內有(you)魯(lu)班(ban)神(shen)像。之所以供奉魯(lu)班(ban),一(yi)是因為魯(lu)班(ban)是木(mu)匠的(de)(de)祖(zu)師,光岳(yue)樓(lou)(lou)主樓(lou)(lou)為木(mu)質結構,意為建(jian)造技術高超堪稱魯(lu)班(ban)神(shen)工。魯(lu)班(ban)龕(kan)上,懸掛著(zhu)(zhu)“巧奪天工”的(de)(de)木(mu)質匾(bian)額,白底(di)黑字,為清代最(zui)后一(yi)個皇(huang)帝溥儀之弟溥杰(jie)所題(ti)。在(zai)魯(lu)班(ban)神(shen)龕(kan)左右金(jin)(jin)柱(zhu)(zhu)上,還(huan)木(mu)刻(ke)有(you)原聊城(cheng)縣長(chang)孫桐峰撰文,蔣(jiang)維(wei)崧先生重書的(de)(de)楹聯一(yi)副:“泰山東(dong)峙,黃河(he)西(xi)臨,岳(yue)色濤聲,憑欄(lan)把酒無限好;層臺射(she)書,微鄉明志,人杰(jie)地靈(ling),登樓(lou)(lou)懷古有(you)余馨”。
二層樓(lou)內有(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),很值得游(you)人駐足。文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)是由板壁(bi)圍成的(de)一個長方(fang)形室,其(qi)中(zhong)又分為(wei)大、小間,周圍金柱。方(fang)室南向中(zhong)間辟門(men),左(zuo)右(you)開圓窗。仰視之上為(wei)空井,可見(jian)四層梁架(jia)。此(ci)室過(guo)(guo)去(qu)為(wei)供“文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)帝君(jun)”之用(yong),故(gu)名文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)。清代(dai)(dai)乾(qian)隆(long)皇帝七(qi)下江南,六次東(dong)巡(xun),九(jiu)次過(guo)(guo)東(dong)昌(chang)(chang)府(fu),五(wu)次登光(guang)岳樓(lou),并(bing)多次住(zhu)在文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)內,曾先(xian)后為(wei)光(guang)岳樓(lou)賦詩十三首。因此(ci),文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)也叫“乾(qian)隆(long)行宮”。現在閣(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)內塑(su)有(you)(you)乾(qian)隆(long)像(xiang),以示紀念。在文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)門(men)額(e)上,懸有(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)近代(dai)(dai)史(shi)學家(jia)郭(guo)沫若先(xian)生(sheng)題(ti)寫的(de)“光(guang)岳樓(lou)”匾(bian)額(e)。白底(di)黑字(zi),長1.2米(mi),寬0.5米(mi)。在文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)門(men)兩側(ce),還(huan)有(you)(you)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)著名史(shi)學家(jia)、書法家(jia)豐子(zi)愷(kai)題(ti)寫的(de)藏頭楹聯一副:“光(guang)前(qian)垂后勞動人民智慧無極;岳峻樓(lou)高(gao)(gao)偉大祖國(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)物永昌(chang)(chang)”。“文(wen)(wen)明景(jing)運(yun)”匾(bian)額(e)懸于文(wen)(wen)昌(chang)(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)外北(bei)壁(bi)上,木質,長重(zhong)1.5米(mi),高(gao)(gao)0.6米(mi),白底(di)黑字(zi),為(wei)清翰林(lin)院庶吉士、國(guo)(guo)史(shi)館協修撰修朱學篤所題(ti)。
在(zai)二(er)樓的四個檐(yan)下,還(huan)分別懸(xuan)掛四方(fang)木質(zhi)長3米(mi),高1.4米(mi)的匾(bian)額。南面檐(yan)下懸(xuan)有“神光(guang)鐘(zhong)瑛”匾(bian),為(wei)清康(kang)熙皇帝所題(ti),邊緣裝飾(shi)有龍(long)紋、玉璽、藍底(di)(di)金字。北檐(yan)下懸(xuan)有中國(guo)著名歷史學(xue)家(jia)(jia)、考古學(xue)家(jia)(jia)郭沫若(ruo)先(xian)生為(wei)紀念光(guang)岳樓落(luo)成600周年(nian)于1974年(nian)題(ti)寫的“光(guang)岳樓”匾(bian),白(bai)底(di)(di)黑字,氣勢磅礴。東面檐(yan)下懸(xuan)“太平樓閣”匾(bian),為(wei)清康(kang)熙六十(shi)年(nian)(1721年(nian))“字壓天下”的聊城(cheng)籍狀元鄧鐘(zhong)岳所題(ti)。在(zai)西檐(yan)下,懸(xuan)有“就(jiu)日瞻云”匾(bian)。其匾(bian)白(bai)底(di)(di)黑字,為(wei)清代史學(xue)家(jia)(jia)解嵐(lan)題(ti)。
由二(er)樓(lou)(lou)西側梯道(dao)升16級臺階便(bian)到達第(di)三(san)層樓(lou)(lou)面(mian)。第(di)三(san)層系暗層,實(shi)際它(ta)是光岳樓(lou)(lou)的結構層,橫木(mu)穿插(cha),梁枋扣合(he),縱橫交錯,似龍游蛇行,將自下而(er)上的金柱(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)(yu)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)構成一個整(zheng)體,使之更(geng)(geng)加牢(lao)固和穩(wen)定,故三(san)樓(lou)(lou)也是樓(lou)(lou)身的主要(yao)框架(jia)。該層面(mian)闊五間(jian)(jian)。金柱(zhu)(zhu)與(yu)(yu)檐柱(zhu)(zhu)之間(jian)(jian)上端是梁架(jia),與(yu)(yu)二(er)層貫通(tong),故暗層實(shi)僅三(san)間(jian)(jian)。“不(bu)心間(jian)(jian)”即樓(lou)(lou)之正中(zhong),是空井,四周置欄(lan)桿。柱(zhu)(zhu)頂設有(you)顯著卷剎。此例(li)均與(yu)(yu)宋(song)《營(ying)造法式(shi)》相(xiang)符。外(wai)檐更(geng)(geng)是拱斗相(xiang)連(lian),梁柱(zhu)(zhu)相(xiang)交,枋木(mu)相(xiang)穿,結構緊(jin)湊而(er)疏密得體。
由三層東次(ci)間(jian)(jian)向南(nan)登13級臺(tai)階就到了(le)光(guang)岳樓第四(si)層樓。第四(si)層是樓的最(zui)高層,面闊進深皆(jie)為三間(jian)(jian),平面呈正方形(xing)。明(ming)間(jian)(jian)有6扇窗(chuang),可(ke)(ke)以憑窗(chuang)遠眺(tiao)。明(ming)間(jian)(jian)中間(jian)(jian),綴以毛管式欄桿,扶欄通(tong)過井(jing)口,可(ke)(ke)一望井(jing)底。次(ci)間(jian)(jian)裝冰紋(wen)圓(yuan)窗(chuang),構設恰當,運用(yong)自然。屋(wu)頂為十字頂,頂下正中懸垂蓮(lian)柱,以八道斜(xie)脊分別置(zhi)于(yu)三架梁及抹(mo)角梁之上(shang)。登上(shang)最(zui)高層,扶著四(si)面對窗(chuang)遠眺(tiao),魯西北平原無垠,景色壯觀(guan);近觀(guan),波光(guang)粼(lin)粼(lin),水天一色。讓人(ren)懷古之情(qing),油(you)然而生。
樓(lou)脊(ji)為歇山十(shi)字(zi)脊(ji),脊(ji)頂(ding)正中裝一(yi)座高3米、直(zhi)徑1.5米的透花(hua)鐵葫(hu)蘆。四(si)個(ge)小獅子蹲在十(shi)字(zi)脊(ji)上(shang),那四(si)個(ge)大吻就像(xiang)四(si)條龍,遠遠看(kan)去,給(gei)人以飛動之感。光岳(yue)樓(lou)主樓(lou)全系木質結構(gou),但能歷經(jing)600多年風雨而完好地保存下來(lai),不僅有著很高的科學價值(zhi),而且也有很高的藝(yi)術價值(zhi)。
聊(liao)(liao)城(cheng)山陜(shan)會(hui)館在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)區(qu)的(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)部(bu),運河西(xi)岸,是(shi)(shi)清代聊(liao)(liao)城(cheng)商(shang)業繁榮的(de)(de)縮影和(he)見證(zheng)。會(hui)館始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于清乾隆八年(1743年),是(shi)(shi)山西(xi)、陜(shan)西(xi)的(de)(de)商(shang)人為“祀神明而(er)聯(lian)桑梓”集資(zi)興(xing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de),從開始(shi)到建(jian)(jian)(jian)成共(gong)歷時66年,耗(hao)銀9.2萬多兩。會(hui)館東西(xi)長(chang)77米(mi),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬43米(mi),占(zhan)地面(mian)(mian)積3311平方米(mi)。整個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)包(bao)括(kuo)山門(men)(men)、過樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、夾(jia)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、鐘鼓(gu)二樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、南(nan)(nan)北(bei)看(kan)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、關帝大(da)殿、春(chun)秋閣(ge)(ge)等(deng)部(bu)分(fen),共(gong)有亭臺樓(lou)(lou)(lou)閣(ge)(ge)160多間,為全國(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)物(wu)保護單位。在(zai)(zai)全國(guo)現存的(de)(de)會(hui)館中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),聊(liao)(liao)城(cheng)山陜(shan)會(hui)館的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)(mian)積不算很大(da),但是(shi)(shi)其精妙絕(jue)倫的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)雕刻(ke)(ke)和(he)繪畫(hua)藝術(shu)卻(que)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)內(nei)罕見。會(hui)館按中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳統宮殿式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)基本格局排列各組(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),強調中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線兩側均衡(heng)對稱(cheng),突出中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線上建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),通過屋(wu)頂(ding)的(de)(de)形(xing)式(shi)、面(mian)(mian)闊進深的(de)(de)大(da)小、藝術(shu)構(gou)件(jian)雕刻(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)繁簡等(deng)來區(qu)分(fen)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)主次(ci)級別(bie)。沿(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)線由東到西(xi)依次(ci)為山門(men)(men)、戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、鐘鼓(gu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、南(nan)(nan)北(bei)看(kan)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、碑亭、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獻殿、關帝殿、春(chun)秋閣(ge)(ge)。從山門(men)(men)到春(chun)秋閣(ge)(ge)三(san)個院落逐漸增高,錯(cuo)落有致,各單體(ti)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)互相連接,布局緊湊(cou)。山門(men)(men),又稱(cheng)三(san)門(men)(men)或牌樓(lou)(lou)(lou),為四柱(zhu)三(san)間牌坊(fang)式(shi)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)。面(mian)(mian)闊7米(mi) ,進深1.7米(mi),高10米(mi)。四根柱(zhu)子(zi)的(de)(de)柱(zhu)礎均為圓(yuan)雕的(de)(de)獅子(zi),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間兩柱(zhu)正面(mian)(mian)陽刻(ke)(ke)楹聯(lian),字體(ti)雄渾,氣魄宏大(da)。
上聯為:本(ben)是豪杰作為只此心無愧圣賢(xian)洵足(zu)配東國夫子;
下聯是:何必(bi)仙佛(fo)功德惟其(qi)氣(qi)充(chong)塞(sai)天地(di)早已(yi)成西方圣人。
中(zhong)間石質(zhi)門(men)框和門(men)楣石上遍雕蝙(bian)蝠圖案。門(men)楣上方中(zhong)間嵌條(tiao)石一(yi)塊,上刻“山(shan)陜會館(guan)”四個大字。
南北(bei)兩(liang)小(xiao)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)門(men)(men)(men)框和門(men)(men)(men)楣也用整(zheng)塊青(qing)石(shi)作成,石(shi)上(shang)淺雕卷云紋(wen)。門(men)(men)(men)楣上(shang)方各(ge)嵌一(yi)石(shi)質方匾,匾上(shang)分別楷(kai)書“履(lv)中”、“蹈和”。次(ci)間兩(liang)門(men)(men)(men)的(de)兩(liang)側為磚筑八字形影(ying)壁(bi),影(ying)壁(bi)左書“精中貫日”,右為“大義參(can)天(tian)”。
山(shan)門外南(nan)北兩(liang)端,各有一座插旗桿用(yong)的正方形石(shi)墩(dun)。石(shi)墩(dun)高1.98 米 ,寬0.92米 ,石(shi)墩(dun)前后兩(liang)面刻有龍鳳,左右兩(liang)面刻有荷花牡丹。山(shan)門內側有木質圓柱四根。門后兩(liang)內柱的上端與壁(bi)中兩(liang)外柱以構件相連。
走進會館,過了戲(xi)臺(tai)下的(de)一(yi)道山(shan)(shan)門,便見華美(mei)的(de)戲(xi)樓(lou),戲(xi)樓(lou)坐東面西,與大殿對峙(zhi)。戲(xi)樓(lou)后山(shan)(shan)墻中央(yang)有(you)一(yi)條從戲(xi)臺(tai)下穿過通往(wang)庭(ting)院的(de)甬道,寬2.16米(mi)(mi),高12.12米(mi)(mi) ,入(ru)口處為磚雕垂(chui)花(hua)門罩。罩上方有(you)石(shi)刻(ke)匾額“岑樓(lou)凝霞”四字。甬道左(zuo)右各有(you)一(yi)個石(shi)刻(ke)照(zhao)壁,左(zuo)刻(ke)丹(dan)頂鶴與蒼松,右刻(ke)梅花(hua)鹿及(ji)花(hua)草(cao),均高2.08米(mi)(mi) ,寬1.15米(mi)(mi)。照(zhao)壁下有(you)精致的(de)石(shi)刻(ke)插(cha)屏(ping)架,上有(you)細(xi)膩的(de)磚刻(ke)垂(chui)花(hua)壁罩,上飾琉璃制黃牡(mu)丹(dan)、綠麒(qi)麟和萬年青等。
山門與戲樓(lou)之(zhi)間(jian),有連接二者的遮(zhe)雨過樓(lou),頂部為(wei)(wei)單(dan)檐硬山式。戲樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)二重檐兩層臺樓(lou),結頂正(zheng)脊為(wei)(wei)歇山式,又于左(zuo)右各(ge)出歇山,成(cheng)十翼角(jiao),房(fang)面覆綠黃兩色琉璃(li)瓦。戲臺呈正(zheng)方形(xing)平面,臺高2.3米,前(qian)臺寬(kuan)9.6米 ,深(shen)5米 ,后(hou)臺寬(kuan)8.6米 ,深(shen)3米。戲臺正(zheng)面開3間(jian)臺口,檐下(xia)有5塊透雕木質額枋,中間(jian)為(wei)(wei)“福祿壽(shou)”三星故事,兩邊為(wei)(wei)飛(fei)龍、花卉和人(ren)物等。4根(gen)檐柱均為(wei)(wei)石雕楹聯(lian)(lian)。內聯(lian)(lian)楷書陽文(wen):宮商翕奏(zou)(zou)賞心(xin)是金榜題名(ming)洞房(fang)花燭;扮演成(cheng)文(wen)快(kuai)意在坦(tan)道駿馬高帆順風。外聯(lian)(lian)楷書陰文(wen):結五(wu)萬(wan)春花奏(zou)(zou)雅宣和無(wu)戾風騷稱杰構;譜(pu)大千秋色鏤(lou)金錯彩有裨世(shi)教即奇觀。
戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)里(li)側,有(you)(you)(you)迎屏將前臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)與后臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)隔開。屏上繪有(you)(you)(you)4幅(fu)大(da)型花卉,左右(you)木柱(zhu)上刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)陽(yang)文楹聯:響遏行云(yun),一曲(qu)笙簧欣(xin)樂利;歌翻白雪,八方(fang)舞蹈荷升平。屏上方(fang)懸(xuan)掛(gua)著木刻(ke)(ke)匾額“云(yun)霞絢采”。戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)前臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)兩側為(wei)八字形折壁(bi),折壁(bi)上各鑲有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)1.8米、寬0.5米 的(de)(de)(de)石刻(ke)(ke)工筆(bi)圖畫(hua)。左為(wei)“海市蜃樓(lou)”,右(you)為(wei)“天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)勝景”。戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)藻井彩繪團(tuan)鶴祥云(yun),似寓(yu)有(you)(you)(you)福比(bi)天(tian)高(gao)(gao)之意。其精工細(xi)作的(de)(de)(de)復臺(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)結構較為(wei)罕見。
戲(xi)(xi)樓(lou)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)是南北對(dui)稱的(de)(de)(de)夾(jia)樓(lou),與戲(xi)(xi)樓(lou)連(lian)為(wei)一(yi)體,為(wei)二(er)層3間單檐建筑(zhu)。中(zhong)間一(yi)間屋頂高起,下有(you)拱門內外通行。東(dong)向門上各(ge)有(you)石雕(diao)匾額一(yi)方(fang),左為(wei)“對(dui)岳”,右(you)為(wei)“望海(hai)”。兩(liang)側(ce)(ce)小間的(de)(de)(de)二(er)樓(lou)都開有(you)東(dong)向園窗。這里原為(wei)戲(xi)(xi)樓(lou)演戲(xi)(xi)時(shi)演員們的(de)(de)(de)化妝室和休(xiu)息(xi)室。至今在其墻(qiang)上還可(ke)以(yi)看到從清道光二(er)十五年(1845)到民國八年(1919),山西、山東(dong)各(ge)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)戲(xi)(xi)曲班社和教育部的(de)(de)(de)易俗社,各(ge)個時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)演員們所寫(xie)下的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)“戲(xi)(xi)東(dong)”、“班社主”不滿的(de)(de)(de)詩句以(yi)及京劇(ju)、山西梆子、河北梆子等劇(ju)種的(de)(de)(de)120多個傳統(tong)劇(ju)目(mu),對(dui)于(yu)研究中(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)戲(xi)(xi)劇(ju)史,有(you)著(zhu)極為(wei)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)價(jia)值。
鐘鼓樓鐘樓、鼓樓南(nan)北對稱,分列于(yu)夾(jia)樓外側。均(jun)為(wei)筑于(yu)磚石(shi)(shi)方臺之上的單間二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)重(zhong)檐歇山十字(zi)脊式建筑。二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)各有(you)12根檐柱承托著(zhu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)屋(wu)檐。一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)樓門西向。左為(wei)“鐘樓”,二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)樓門南(nan)向,門楣上有(you)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)“振聾”橫(heng)額一(yi)(yi)方,兩(liang)側石(shi)(shi)柱上陰刻(ke)(ke)楹聯(lian)一(yi)(yi)幅:其聲大而遠,厥意深且長(chang)。右為(wei)“鼓樓”,二(er)層(ceng)(ceng)樓門北向。門楣上有(you)石(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)“警聵(kui)”橫(heng)額一(yi)(yi)方,兩(liang)側石(shi)(shi)柱上陰刻(ke)(ke)楹聯(lian)一(yi)(yi)幅:當知聽思聰,豈可耳無聞。
鐘、鼓(gu)樓下各(ge)有(you)一小院(yuan)(yuan),院(yuan)(yuan)內翠竹(zhu)茂密(mi),院(yuan)(yuan)墻上有(you)一圓形月門通往(wang)庭(ting)院(yuan)(yuan)。庭(ting)院(yuan)(yuan)東西深23米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北寬33米(mi)(mi) ,中(zhong)央有(you)一條平直的石板路(lu),路(lu)兩邊各(ge)有(you)一株百年古槐,濃(nong)蔭如蓋(gai)。庭(ting)院(yuan)(yuan)正面(mian)(mian)的大(da)殿臺階下,有(you)一對高大(da)雄(xiong)健的石獅(shi),由獅(shi)身、須彌座、底座3部(bu)分組(zu)成(cheng),通高3.25米(mi)(mi)。底座四(si)面(mian)(mian)雕刻(ke)(ke)佛教八大(da)法寶,前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)劍(jian)、杵;左為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)傘、塔;右(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鈴、笆;后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)印、鉑,用以驅(qu)妖避(bi)邪(xie)。須彌座上部(bu)刻(ke)(ke)花瓶、鹿、小瓜、石榴,取其平平安安、福祿綿(mian)綿(mian)、甜(tian)甜(tian)美美、多子多孫之意。下部(bu)前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牡丹(dan)、左為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)荷花、右(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)梅花、后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)菊花,意為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)季吉祥。這對石獅(shi),左面(mian)(mian)腳(jiao)踩繡球者為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雄(xiong)獅(shi),右(you)面(mian)(mian)腳(jiao)踏幼(you)獅(shi)者為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雌獅(shi)。據記載(zai),這對石獅(shi)從山西選料精鑿細(xi)刻(ke)(ke)而(er)成(cheng),耗銀633兩。
南(nan)北(bei)看樓(lou)位于鐘鼓樓(lou)的西(xi)面,戲樓(lou)臺(tai)前(qian)左右(you)兩側,為(wei)面闊五間(jian),進深一間(jian)的二(er)層(ceng)外廊式(shi)建筑(zhu),樓(lou)長16.5米,深5米 ,其頂為(wei)卷(juan)棚式(shi),上(shang)覆灰瓦。看樓(lou)底層(ceng)地面為(wei)磚鋪地,二(er)層(ceng)樓(lou)板(ban)(ban)由六根木制樓(lou)板(ban)(ban)梁,上(shang)置木地板(ban)(ban)椽,在木地板(ban)(ban)上(shang)鋪石磚以構成。二(er)層(ceng)房架(jia)為(wei)四(si)架(jia)梁,上(shang)置檁(lin)、椽、望板(ban)(ban)和瓦件。看樓(lou)為(wei)敞(chang)開的廊式(shi)建筑(zhu),可以坐在樓(lou)內觀(guan)看戲臺(tai)上(shang)的表演(yan)。
看樓位(wei)于庭院南(nan)北兩側,各(ge)面(mian)闊5間(jian),上下2層(ceng),樓長(chang)16.5米(mi) ,深5米(mi),房面(mian)為灰瓦(wa)卷棚頂(ding),為看戲、飲茶、談生(sheng)意的(de)場所。看樓上首是碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting),各(ge)為3開(kai)間(jian),正面(mian)敞開(kai),筒瓦(wa)歇山頂(ding),飛(fei)檐則高(gao)出(chu)看樓和大殿房面(mian)。額枋(fang)上下較寬,各(ge)繪有(you)日出(chu)、龍虎、瓜(gua)果和人物圖(tu)案。每(mei)一碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)各(ge)豎有(you)石碑(bei)(bei)(bei)4幢,壁碑(bei)(bei)(bei)2塊(kuai)。立碑(bei)(bei)(bei)通高(gao)均為6.2米(mi),寬1.2米(mi) ,碑(bei)(bei)(bei)文(wen)內(nei)容詳(xiang)細記載了山陜會館歷年維修建設情況,碑(bei)(bei)(bei)陰還刻(ke)有(you)各(ge)商(shang)號名(ming)稱(cheng)及其(qi)捐銀數(shu)量。南(nan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)亭(ting)西首內(nei)壁上,還立有(you)清乾隆(long)所刻(ke)地契碑(bei)(bei)(bei)一塊(kuai),詳(xiang)細記述了山陜會館置(zhi)買(mai)園地闊步數(shu)目、四至、買(mai)價及刻(ke)石立碑(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)因,是研究晉商(shang)經營思想(xiang)的(de)重要文(wen)獻。
由地契(qi)碑西(xi)折(zhe),過(guo)南碑亭西(xi)門,便是列支碑墻。鑲嵌有(you)清嘉慶十(shi)五(wu)年(1810)、道光(guang)二(er)十(shi)五(wu)年(1840)、同治六年(1867)、同治十(shi)三年(1874)、光(guang)緒二(er)十(shi)年(1894)立的“會館功(gong)竣(jun)歷年進出(chu)銀兩開列碑”等5塊列支碑刻。
大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是會(hui)館的中(zhong)心建筑,由獻殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)復(fu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前后組(zu)成,檐部有天溝(gou)相接。獻殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與復(fu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又各分(fen)為正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)南北(bei)配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),前后左(zuo)右共六殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),均面(mian)闊3間。正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房面(mian)高于南北(bei)配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。獻殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為卷棚頂,復(fu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為懸山項(xiang)。正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房面(mian)覆綠(lv)色琉(liu)璃(li)瓦(wa)(wa),前后房面(mian)中(zhong)央各鑲嵌有菱形(xing)狀黃、綠(lv)琉(liu)璃(li)瓦(wa)(wa)。南北(bei)配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)覆灰筒瓦(wa)(wa)。
正(zheng)殿亦稱關帝(di)大殿,殿前有方形(xing)石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)四根,石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)下為(wei)垂幔琴腿式(shi)石(shi)(shi)雕柱(zhu)(zhu)礎。石(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)(zhu)正(zheng)面刻有歌(ge)頌關羽的(de)楹聯(lian),內(nei)柱(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)行(xing)楷陽文:偉(wei)烈(lie)壯古今,浩氣(qi)丹心,漢代一(yi)時真君子;至誠參天地,英(ying)文雄武,晉國(guo)千秋大丈(zhang)夫。
外聯為(wei)行(xing)楷陰文:非必殺身(shen)成仁,問(wen)我輩誰全(quan)節義;漫說(shuo)通經致用,笑書(shu)生空讀春秋。四(si)根檐(yan)柱上(shang)方,鑲有(you)3塊木質透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)額枋(fang),中(zhong)間1塊刻有(you)老子和八仙(xian)人物。左(zuo)邊刻有(you)“神(shen)仙(xian)傳”故事,右邊刻有(you)“行(xing)孝圖”,為(wei)中(zhong)國古代二十(shi)四(si)孝中(zhong)的(de)幾(ji)個故事,自左(zuo)向右依次為(wei):《哭竹生筍(sun)》、《扇枕溫衾(qin)》、《懷(huai)右遺親》、《為(wei)母埋兒》、《聞雷(lei)泣墓》、《恣(zi)蚊飽血》、《臥冰求鯉》。額枋(fang)的(de)上(shang)方,還繪(hui)有(you)6幅《西游(you)記》故事工筆畫及(ji)木雕(diao)(diao)牡丹花(hua)12朵為(wei)裝飾。
檐(yan)廊(lang)正(zheng)(zheng)中,懸有木(mu)質(zhi)陽文匾額(e)“大義(yi)參天”四字。正(zheng)(zheng)殿獻殿內(nei)原為(wei)擺放供品(pin),聚(ju)會議事的處(chu)所。殿之(zhi)梁(liang)檁均(jun)通體彩繪,雕梁(liang)畫(hua)棟(dong)、金碧輝煌,有人物故(gu)事畫(hua)18幅。殿內(nei)正(zheng)(zheng)上方懸“富(fu)國裕(yu)民(min)”木(mu)質(zhi)匾額(e)。
獻殿(dian)后面為過廊,并與南(nan)(nan)北(bei)配(pei)殿(dian)中獻殿(dian)后面的過廊相通。廊西頭山墻上各(ge)有角門(men)通往南(nan)(nan)北(bei)跨院(yuan),門(men)外(wai)側(ce)各(ge)有石刻橫匾一(yi)方,南(nan)(nan)曰:“南(nan)(nan)極”,北(bei)曰:“北(bei)拱”。
過廊后面(mian)是(shi)復(fu)殿(dian),殿(dian)中偏后部有一暖閣,閣前供(gong)有關(guan)圣帝(di)君、關(guan)平(ping)和周(zhou)倉3尊雕(diao)(diao)像(xiang)。關(guan)圣帝(di)君神像(xiang)高(gao)3米,身穿刺繡滾龍袍,鎏金(jin)冠旒,威麗端(duan)正,儼然帝(di)王形象。復(fu)殿(dian)后仍有檐廊,廊下有木質圓柱(zhu)四(si)根,柱(zhu)下皆以精致(zhi)的(de)石雕(diao)(diao)為柱(zhu)礎(chu)。檐柱(zhu)上方鑲有3塊木質透雕(diao)(diao)額(e)枋,中間刻人(ren)物、牡丹(dan),南北兩(liang)側(ce)刻有飛龍、麒麟等。檐廊的(de)迎(ying)風板上,兩(liang)側(ce)還鑲有“道續尼山”和“義秉(bing)麟經”匾(bian),進(jin)一步體現(xian)了關(guan)帝(di)廟中所信奉(feng)的(de)是(shi)地道的(de)儒家正統思想。
南配殿(dian)位(wei)于正殿(dian)的(de)(de)南面(mian)(mian),亦稱文昌火(huo)神殿(dian),是當年眾商們祭(ji)祀文昌火(huo)神的(de)(de)處所。設置同正殿(dian)相同,即前為(wei)獻殿(dian),后為(wei)復殿(dian)。獻殿(dian)前廊,有(you)以石(shi)雕的(de)(de)麒(qi)麟、大象作柱(zhu)礎的(de)(de)石(shi)雕檐柱(zhu)四根,其側面(mian)(mian)分(fen)(fen)別刻(ke)(ke)有(you)仙鶴祥(xiang)云的(de)(de)花卉圖案(an),正面(mian)(mian)刻(ke)(ke)有(you)楹(ying)聯(lian)。內柱(zhu)上刻(ke)(ke)有(you)陽文楹(ying)聯(lian):氣本(ben)似珠,看午夜光分(fen)(fen)奎辟;功(gong)原濟(ji)水(shui),居(ju)離官(guan)位(wei)按丙丁。外柱(zhu)上刻(ke)(ke)有(you)陰文楹(ying)聯(lian):位(wei)南天(tian)以居(ju)尊,神焰熒熒臨斗柄;鄰北極而宰化,星精朗朗俯魁(kui)垣。
檐柱(zhu)上方鑲(xiang)有(you)3塊木(mu)質額枋,中(zhong)間一塊刻有(you)首尾(wei)相接、神態(tai)各(ge)異的7只蘆雁和菊(ju)花(hua),兩(liang)側(ce)的2塊各(ge)分別刻有(you)梅花(hua)、荷(he)花(hua)、瓶、大(da)香爐和茶壺。檐廊的正(zheng)中(zhong)懸有(you)木(mu)質陽(yang)文匾額“風時浪恬”一方。
獻殿(dian)后面的復殿(dian)內供有文昌(chang)神和火神王靈(ling)官,殿(dian)正門(men)上方懸“天開文運”木(mu)質匾額。
北配殿(dian)(dian)位(wei)于正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)北面,也(ye)稱“財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)神殿(dian)(dian)”,與文(wen)昌火神殿(dian)(dian)南(nan)北對應,是當(dang)年眾商們(men)祈禱(dao)發(fa)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)地方,也(ye)分為(wei)獻(xian)殿(dian)(dian)和復殿(dian)(dian)。獻(xian)殿(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)前廊(lang)有以(yi)石雕的(de)(de)(de)麒麟、大象(xiang)為(wei)柱(zhu)礎的(de)(de)(de)石雕檐柱(zhu)四根,柱(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)側面、背面分別(bie)刻有花卉圖案,正(zheng)面刻有楹聯(lian),內(nei)柱(zhu)上刻有陰(yin)文(wen)楹聯(lian):德兆阜財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),萃(cui)萬(wan)國物化天(tian)寶;行(xing)以(yi)利涉,慶一時海(hai)晏河清。外柱(zhu)上陽刻楹聯(lian):位(wei)津要而掌(zhang)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)源(yuan),萬(wan)里腰纏畢(bi)至(zhi);感錢(qian)神以(yi)成砥柱(zhu),千秋寶載無虞(yu)。
檐柱上(shang)方鑲有3塊木雕額枋,中間一塊刻有6只飛雁和一座(zuo)城堡,兩側分別刻有鼎、花瓶、香爐和食盒。檐廊正中懸有木質陽(yang)文匾額“功司利濟”一方。
獻殿后面的復殿內供有財神(shen)趙公明和(he)水神(shen)金龍四大王謝緒神(shen)像,殿正(zheng)門(men)上方懸(xuan)“萬世永(yong)賴”木(mu)質(zhi)匾額。
春秋(qiu)(qiu)閣為(wei)會館后(hou)面、高大的殿宇(yu)。面闊3間,上(shang)下2層(ceng),單檐歇山,灰(hui)筒瓦頂(ding),斗(dou)拱抬梁式(shi)結構。閣前廊(lang)有(you)(you)四根(gen)木質檐柱,前廊(lang)額枋均為(wei)木刻透(tou)雕(diao)(diao),雕(diao)(diao)飾人(ren)物和牡丹、金(jin)瓜(gua)、花卉等。閣左右各(ge)附設(she)一(yi)座(zuo)望(wang)(wang)樓,上(shang)下各(ge)一(yi)間,兩望(wang)(wang)樓券門上(shang)各(ge)有(you)(you)扇形(xing)匾額一(yi)方(fang),南曰(yue)“接步”,北曰(yue)“登階(jie)”。春秋(qiu)(qiu)閣過(guo)去也(ye)是供奉“關(guan)帝”的處所。一(yi)樓內原有(you)(you)大幅關(guan)羽畫(hua)像(xiang),二樓原有(you)(you)關(guan)羽生平(ping)故事木雕(diao)(diao)連環(huan)人(ren)物群像(xiang)。目前,二樓西墻(qiang)上(shang)仍保留著(zhu)關(guan)羽全身陰線(xian)雕(diao)(diao)石刻一(yi)方(fang)。
春秋(qiu)閣兩(liang)側(ce),為南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)兩(liang)側(ce)的游(you)廊(lang)(lang),各面闊3間(jian),進深一(yi)間(jian),灰瓦(wa)(wa)蓋頂并(bing)與望樓(lou)和正殿相(xiang)接,形成一(yi)個緊湊(cou)的四合院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)。兩(liang)游(you)廊(lang)(lang)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)兩(liang)側(ce)為南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)跨院(yuan)(yuan)。兩(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)之間(jian),并(bing)于(yu)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)兩(liang)廂游(you)廊(lang)(lang)的東(dong)(dong)首各有(you)小門相(xiang)通。南(nan)(nan)跨院(yuan)(yuan)現(xian)存(cun)硬山瓦(wa)(wa)房3間(jian)。北(bei)(bei)跨院(yuan)(yuan)現(xian)有(you)南(nan)(nan)屋3間(jian)、小北(bei)(bei)屋2間(jian)、小西(xi)佛(fo)亭3間(jian),坐(zuo)東(dong)(dong)朝西(xi)后門一(yi)間(jian),均(jun)灰瓦(wa)(wa)蓋頂,前出廊(lang)(lang)檐。
聊城山陜(shan)會館建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)后,歷史上先(xian)后進行過8次(ci)(ci)擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)維(wei)修。據現存16通碑碣記載,其(qi)中(zhong)第(di)4次(ci)(ci)維(wei)修從嘉慶八年(1803)到嘉慶十(shi)四年(1809),歷時7載,用(yong)銀49643.43兩。第(di)5次(ci)(ci)維(wei)修在道光二十(shi)五年(1845),用(yong)銀18028.78兩。維(wei)修所用(yong)木材多(duo)來自陜(shan)西終南(nan)山,工(gong)匠多(duo)來自山西汾陽府,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑風(feng)格盡量體(ti)現其(qi)地方特(te)色。其(qi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)后百余年間(jian),每年春節(jie)、端午節(jie)、中(zhong)秋節(jie)都演戲以娛神。
聊城(cheng)山陜會館是(shi)歷(li)史(shi)上聊城(cheng)商業(ye)發達、經濟繁榮(rong)的(de)(de)見(jian)證(zheng)。它集中(zhong)國(guo)傳統文化之大成,融中(zhong)國(guo)傳統儒、道、佛三(san)家思想于一體(ti)。整(zheng)個建筑(zhu)(zhu)布局緊(jin)湊,錯落有(you)致,連接得體(ti),裝飾華麗,堪(kan)稱中(zhong)國(guo)古代(dai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)杰作。它的(de)(de)石雕、木(mu)雕、磚雕和繪(hui)畫(hua)工藝(yi)更(geng)是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)建筑(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術(shu)的(de)(de)精品,對于研(yan)究中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)古代(dai)建筑(zhu)(zhu)史(shi)、商貿史(shi)、戲劇(ju)史(shi)、運河文化史(shi)、書(shu)法、繪(hui)畫(hua)、雕刻藝(yi)術(shu)史(shi)以及清(qing)代(dai)資本(ben)主義萌(meng)芽因(yin)素的(de)(de)產(chan)生具有(you)極高(gao)的(de)(de)資料價值(zhi)。
●會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan),明清時期(qi)(qi)都市(shi)中(zhong)由同鄉(xiang)或同業組成的(de)封建性團體。始設于明代前期(qi)(qi),迄今所知較(jiao)早的(de)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)是建于永樂年間的(de)北京蕪(wu)湖會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)。嘉靖、萬(wan)歷(li)時期(qi)(qi),會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)趨(qu)于興盛,清代中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)較(jiao)多,會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)幾(ji)乎遍及(ji)通(tong)都大邑,府、州(zhou)、縣城甚至某些鄉(xiang)鎮也有(you)設置。明清時期(qi)(qi)聊(liao)城商(shang)賈云集,東關運河沿岸(an)有(you)山陜、江(jiang)西、蘇州(zhou)、贛江(jiang)、武林(lin)等八(ba)大會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan),其中(zhong)山陜會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)是保存至今的(de)會(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)(guan)建筑。
東(dong)昌(chang)(chang)湖風(feng)景(jing)(jing)名(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)(qu)系國家歷史文化名(ming)(ming)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)——聊(liao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)南市區(qu)(qu),東(dong)、北、西(xi)(xi)分別以聊(liao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市區(qu)(qu)主干道(dao)柳園(yuan)路、東(dong)昌(chang)(chang)路、湖西(xi)(xi)路為(wei)界,南至南外環路,總面(mian)積20.6平方公里。馳名(ming)(ming)中(zhong)外的(de)京杭大運河穿(chuan)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)(qu)而過。東(dong)昌(chang)(chang)湖風(feng)景(jing)(jing)名(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)(qu)以建于(yu)北宋(song)時期的(de)聊(liao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)中(zhong)心,以水面(mian)遼闊、風(feng)景(jing)(jing)秀麗、環繞于(yu)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)四(si)周(zhou)的(de)東(dong)昌(chang)(chang)湖為(wei)依托,集中(zhong)體現了聊(liao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“水、古、文”的(de)特色,營造出聊(liao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)有湖,湖中(zhong)有城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湖河一體”的(de)獨特風(feng)貌,是山(shan)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)部和冀、魯、豫(yu)接(jie)壤地區(qu)(qu)較為(wei)著名(ming)(ming)的(de)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)游覽區(qu)(qu)。
東昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)始建(jian)(jian)于宋(song)(song)熙寧三年(公(gong)元1070年),在(zai)原護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上經歷(li)代(dai)開挖而成(cheng),該護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河為環形(xing)(xing),東部(bu)寬100米左(zuo)右(you),西部(bu)寬600米左(zuo)右(you),北部(bu)寬300米左(zuo)右(you),南部(bu)寬800米左(zuo)右(you),現有(you)水(shui)域4.2平(ping)方公(gong)里,為中(zhong)華人民共和(he)國江北地區(qu)罕見的(de)(de)(de)(de)大型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)(nei)湖(hu)(hu)泊,全(quan)世界面積較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)護(hu)(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河。東昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)引黃河水(shui)為源,常(chang)年水(shui)深3-5米,湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)清澈,無任何工業污染;景(jing)(jing)色宜人,令游客(ke)流(liu)連忘(wang)返。東昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)中(zhong)心是已有(you)千年歷(li)史的(de)(de)(de)(de)1平(ping)方公(gong)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)正方形(xing)(xing)聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)貌保存完(wan)好,以古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)正中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)光岳(yue)樓(lou)為中(zhong)心,向(xiang)四面輻射,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)東西南北四條古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)干(gan)道,其它大街(jie)小巷(xiang),也(ye)都是經緯分明,垂直交叉,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)棋盤方格網狀骨架(jia)。古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)民居,至今保留著白墻、灰瓦、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)屋頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統建(jian)(jian)筑風(feng)(feng)格。古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)京杭運河兩岸,街(jie)巷(xiang)布列,各種店鋪(pu)民居,隨坡就勢(shi),依河而建(jian)(jian)。條石鋪(pu)砌的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小碼頭,株株蒼勁的(de)(de)(de)(de)古槐,以及宋(song)(song)代(dai)隆興寺鐵塔(ta),國家重點文物、清代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑山(shan)陜(shan)會館,仍會使(shi)人們體味到昔日(ri)運河漕運鼎盛(sheng)時(shi)期古聊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁榮和(he)輝(hui)煌。通過有(you)效地開發和(he)利用(yong)這些(xie)得(de)天獨(du)厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)游資源,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了東昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)風(feng)(feng)景(jing)(jing)名勝區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要內(nei)(nei)容(rong)——湖(hu)(hu)濱風(feng)(feng)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)文化區(qu)和(he)運河風(feng)(feng)情區(qu)。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)風(feng)景名(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)涵深厚(hou),旅(lv)游(you)(you)資源(yuan)豐(feng)(feng)富。聊城(cheng)歷史(shi)悠久,人(ren)杰(jie)(jie)(jie)地靈,歷史(shi)上曾出(chu)現(xian)過許多(duo)(duo)杰(jie)(jie)(jie)出(chu)人(ren)物,明朝宰相(xiang)朱(zhu)延禧,清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)名(ming)(ming)臣傅(fu)以漸、任克(ke)溥、書畫名(ming)(ming)家鄧鐘岳,近(jin)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)抗日民(min)族英(ying)雄(xiong)范筑(zhu)(zhu)先、著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)學者和(he)社會活動家傅(fu)斯年,以及八十年代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)青年楷模(mo)張海迪(di)和(he)九十年代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)領(ling)導干部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)楷模(mo)孔(kong)繁森等(deng)(deng)都是(shi)其中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)杰(jie)(jie)(jie)出(chu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表。此外,《水滸(hu)》、《聊齋》、《金瓶梅(mei)》、《老殘游(you)(you)記》等(deng)(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)古代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)名(ming)(ming)著(zhu),對古聊城(cheng)和(he)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)均有描述。千(qian)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)滄桑,層出(chu)不窮的(de)(de)(de)(de)杰(jie)(jie)(jie)出(chu)人(ren)物,造(zao)就了東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)風(feng)景名(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)豐(feng)(feng)厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)背景和(he)底(di)蘊。迷人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然風(feng)光(guang)(guang),眾多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)景點(dian),也匯成了東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)風(feng)景名(ming)(ming)勝區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)豐(feng)(feng)富旅(lv)游(you)(you)資源(yuan)。風(feng)景區(qu)內(nei),錯落散布著(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)現(xian)存古代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)高大的(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)結構建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)明代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)光(guang)(guang)岳樓,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)佛(fo)教文(wen)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)瑰寶宋代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)鐵塔,集(ji)商業與文(wen)化(hua)之大成的(de)(de)(de)(de)精美清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)山陜會館,中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)清(qing)(qing)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)四大私人(ren)藏書樓之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)海源(yuan)閣等(deng)(deng)名(ming)(ming)勝古跡(ji),以及傅(fu)斯年紀(ji)(ji)念館、民(min)族英(ying)雄(xiong)范筑(zhu)(zhu)先紀(ji)(ji)念館、孔(kong)繁森同(tong)志紀(ji)(ji)念館等(deng)(deng)文(wen)化(hua)景點(dian);東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)區(qu),近(jin)年又(you)興建(jian)了中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)釣(diao)魚協(xie)會聊城(cheng)垂釣(diao)基地、東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌(chang)湖(hu)(hu)游(you)(you)樂園、江(jiang)北水上竹寨、沙灘浴場、游(you)(you)船碼頭(tou)、湖(hu)(hu)心島、荷香島、浮春(chun)亭等(deng)(deng)一(yi)大批(pi)游(you)(you)覽景點(dian)和(he)設施(shi),沿(yan)湖(hu)(hu)30余華里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠化(hua)帶(dai)也初具雛形,湖(hu)(hu)西(xi)公園、西(xi)關(guan)二十一(yi)孔(kong)游(you)(you)覽石橋(qiao)、北關(guan)游(you)(you)覽石橋(qiao)等(deng)(deng)一(yi)批(pi)重點(dian)建(jian)設項目(mu)也正(zheng)在積(ji)極實施(shi)。