文(wen)姜(jiang)(?-前673年),姜(jiang)姓,名字不詳(xiang),齊(qi)僖公(gong)之女(nv),齊(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)異母妹,魯桓公(gong)的夫人。與齊(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)亂倫被魯桓公(gong)得(de)知,齊(qi)襄(xiang)公(gong)令彭生殺魯桓公(gong)。以才華著稱(cheng)于(yu)當(dang)世,所(suo)以被稱(cheng)為“文(wen)”。
文姜(jiang)與她(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)姐(jie)姐(jie)齊宣姜(jiang),都(dou)是當(dang)時(shi)聞(wen)名的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)色美(mei)人。文姜(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)婚姻(yin)一(yi)(yi)波三折(zhe),她(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)風流韻事,轟動了天下各國,人們一(yi)(yi)面(mian)諷(feng)刺她(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)蕩婦淫亂行(xing)徑(jing),一(yi)(yi)面(mian)又歌(ge)頌(song)她(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)世艷(yan)麗,《詩經》上就留下許多(duo)有關(guan)文姜(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)篇章,有毀有譽。
夏(xia)商(shang)周(zhou)時期,有(you)(you)貴族身(shen)份的男子只稱氏與名,而不(bu)稱姓。只有(you)(you)婦人稱姓,周(zhou)朝諸侯(hou)國(guo)齊(qi)國(guo)為姜(jiang)(jiang)姓。文是指(zhi)有(you)(you)才(cai)華(hua)(hua),所謂文姜(jiang)(jiang)是指(zhi)有(you)(you)才(cai)華(hua)(hua)的姜(jiang)(jiang)姓女子。
魯(lu)桓公(gong)三年(nian)(齊(qi)僖公(gong)二十二年(nian),前709年(nian)),魯(lu)桓公(gong)派公(gong)子(zi)揮(hui)到(dao)齊(qi)國迎娶(qu)文姜為(wei)妻,并立文姜為(wei)夫人。
魯(lu)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)六年(齊僖公(gong)(gong)二(er)十五(wu)年,前706年),文姜為魯(lu)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)生下一(yi)子(zi),因與魯(lu)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)同(tong)月生日,所以取名為同(tong),同(tong)長大后立為太子(zi)(太子(zi)同(tong))。后來,文姜再度為魯(lu)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)生下兒子(zi)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)友。
文(wen)姜(jiang)出(chu)嫁(jia)前,便與(yu)其兄齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)私(si)通(tong)。魯(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)十八(ba)年(nian)(齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)四年(nian),前694年(nian))春天,文(wen)姜(jiang)和(he)魯(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)來到(dao)(dao)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國,再度與(yu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)私(si)通(tong)。魯(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得知此(ci)事后,怒責(ze)文(wen)姜(jiang),文(wen)姜(jiang)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)魯(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的責(ze)罵(ma)告(gao)訴齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。同(tong)年(nian)四月初十日,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宴(yan)請魯(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)飲酒,將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)魯(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)灌醉后,讓(rang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)彭生(sheng)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)魯(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)抱(bao)上車(che),并命公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)彭生(sheng)折斷魯(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的肋骨。魯(lu)(lu)國人告(gao)訴齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國說:“寡君畏懼齊(qi)(qi)(qi)君的威嚴,不敢(gan)安居,前來修友好之禮(li)。禮(li)儀完成而(er)未能回國,沒有地方追究罪責(ze),請求(qiu)得到(dao)(dao)彭生(sheng),用他在諸侯中清除丑聞(wen)。”,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于是殺死公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)彭生(sheng)來向魯(lu)(lu)國賠罪。
魯桓公死后(hou),魯國(guo)(guo)人擁立太子同繼位,是為魯莊(zhuang)公。文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)于(yu)是留在(zai)(zai)齊國(guo)(guo),不敢返回魯國(guo)(guo)。文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)長期居住在(zai)(zai)齊國(guo)(guo),后(hou)來回到魯國(guo)(guo),但(dan)仍(reng)然常常與齊襄公相會。齊襄公后(hou)來被公孫無(wu)知派連(lian)稱(cheng)殺(sha)死,文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)也沒(mei)有離開禚(zhuo)地,就在(zai)(zai)那(nei)里遙遙地指揮魯莊(zhuang)公管(guan)理(li)政(zheng)事,文(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)(zai)處(chu)理(li)政(zheng)務上展現了本領。
春(chun)秋時代初期,齊(qi)僖公(gong)的兩個女(nv)兒成了當(dang)時各諸侯國君侯、世子(zi)(zi)競爭的對象,他(ta)們(men)紛紛借機前(qian)往(wang)齊(qi)國都城臨淄(zi)攀扯關系,討好齊(qi)僖公(gong),以(yi)達到娶(qu)齊(qi)氏女(nv)子(zi)(zi)的目的。而(er)齊(qi)文姜(jiang)(jiang)特別欣(xin)賞(shang)鄭國世子(zi)(zi)姬忽(hu),于是齊(qi)王意欲(yu)將文姜(jiang)(jiang)嫁與世子(zi)(zi)姬忽(hu)。
然而鄭國的世子姬以“齊大非(fei)偶”為由,未答應其要求。這對齊文姜(jiang)來說是(shi)莫大的恥辱(ru),終(zhong)于懨懨成病。
劉向(xiang)《列女傳》引《詩》:“亂匪降(jiang)自天,生(sheng)自婦人。’此之(zhi)謂也(ye)。”
劉向《列(lie)女(nv)傳》:“文姜淫亂,配魯桓(huan)公,與(yu)俱(ju)歸齊,齊襄淫通,俾厥彭生,摧干(gan)拉胸,維女(nv)為亂,卒成(cheng)禍兇。”
《東周列國志》:“齊(qi)僖公二女(nv),長宣姜(jiang)(jiang),次文姜(jiang)(jiang),宣姜(jiang)(jiang)淫(yin)于舅,文姜(jiang)(jiang)淫(yin)于兄(xiong),人倫天(tian)理(li),至此滅絕矣(yi)!有詩嘆(tan)曰(yue):妖艷春秋(qiu)首二姜(jiang)(jiang),致令齊(qi)衛紊綱常。天(tian)生尤物(wu)殃人國,不及無鹽佐伯王!”
《史(shi)記·卷(juan)三(san)十二·齊太(tai)公世家第二》
《列(lie)女傳·之卷七·孽(nie)嬖傳》
父親:齊僖公
兄弟:齊襄公(gong)(gong)諸(zhu)子、齊桓公(gong)(gong)小白(bai)、公(gong)(gong)子糾、公(gong)(gong)子彭生(sheng)
丈夫:魯桓公
兒子(zi):魯莊公、姬季友
姐姐:宣姜
《詩(shi)經(jing)·齊(qi)風(feng)·載驅》《詩(shi)經(jing)·齊(qi)風(feng)·敝笱》《詩(shi)經(jing)·齊(qi)風(feng)·南山》
《詩經·鄭(zheng)風·有女同車》(《毛詩序》以為是刺鄭(zheng)國的(de)太子忽(即后來的(de)鄭(zheng)昭公)不婚于齊。現代學者(zhe)一般這(zhe)是一對貴族青(qing)年男女的(de)戀歌。)
1996年電視劇(ju)《東周列國·春(chun)秋篇》:龔麗君(jun)飾演文(wen)姜。