南(nan)子(?―前481年),春秋時(shi)期女(nv)政(zheng)治家,河南(nan)商丘人(ren)。南(nan)子原(yuan)是宋國(guo)公主 ,后嫁(jia)衛靈公為夫人(ren)。
南(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生性淫亂,與(yu)宋(song)國公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朝(chao)私通。衛靈(ling)公(gong)不加阻止,反而縱容南(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),召公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)朝(chao)與(yu)其在洮地相會。衛靈(ling)公(gong)的太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯聵(kui)(kui)知道(dao)南(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)私通之事后,非常(chang)憤怒,便和家臣戲(xi)(xi)陽速商量(liang),在朝(chao)見南(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)時(shi)趁機刺(ci)殺她(ta)。結果戲(xi)(xi)陽速反悔沒有行動,被南(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)所察覺,蒯聵(kui)(kui)于是逃亡宋(song)國,衛靈(ling)公(gong)將蒯聵(kui)(kui)黨羽全部(bu)趕走。
孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)周游列(lie)國(guo)時(shi),曾訪(fang)問(wen)衛(wei)國(guo),南子(zi)(zi)(zi)與孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)隔帳見面。南子(zi)(zi)(zi)叩頭還禮時(shi),身上佩飾發出清脆響聲,孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)學生子(zi)(zi)(zi)路對此頗為不(bu)(bu)滿。后來孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)認為衛(wei)靈公不(bu)(bu)是愛(ai)好(hao)德行(xing)如愛(ai)好(hao)美(mei)色一樣(yang),于是離開衛(wei)國(guo)。
前493年,衛靈(ling)公(gong)去世,南子(zi)遵(zun)照衛靈(ling)公(gong)意(yi)愿,想立公(gong)子(zi)郢(ying)繼(ji)位,公(gong)子(zi)郢(ying)推辭,于是(shi)改立蒯(kuai)聵之子(zi)輒繼(ji)位,是(shi)為衛出公(gong)。前481年,蒯(kuai)聵奪(duo)取(qu)衛國國君(jun)之位,是(shi)為衛莊公(gong),并殺死(si)南子(zi)。
南子(zi)原是宋(song)國(guo)(guo)的公(gong)(gong)主,后來嫁給衛國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)君(jun)衛靈(ling)公(gong)(gong)為夫(fu)人(ren)。南子(zi)因宋(song)國(guo)(guo)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)宋(song)朝(chao)(chao)(公(gong)(gong)子(zi)朝(chao)(chao))容貌俊美,于是便和他私通(tong)。
衛靈公(gong)(gong)三十八年(nian)(魯定公(gong)(gong)十三年(nian),前497年(nian)),衛靈公(gong)(gong)因大臣公(gong)(gong)叔戌(xu)富有,而開始討厭公(gong)(gong)叔戌(xu)。當時,公(gong)(gong)叔戌(xu)對南子干預(yu)朝政不滿,企圖(tu)鏟除南子的黨羽,南子對衛靈公(gong)(gong)說:“公(gong)(gong)孫戌(xu)將要發動(dong)叛亂(luan)。”
衛(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)三十九年(nian)(魯定(ding)公(gong)(gong)(gong)十四年(nian),前(qian)496年(nian))春天,衛(wei)靈(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)驅逐公(gong)(gong)(gong)叔(shu)戌(xu)及其黨(dang)羽,公(gong)(gong)(gong)叔(shu)戌(xu)逃亡到魯國。
衛(wei)(wei)靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)三十(shi)九年(nian)(魯定公(gong)十(shi)四(si)年(nian),前496年(nian)),衛(wei)(wei)靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)為南子(zi)(zi)(zi)而召見(jian)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)朝,在洮地會見(jian)。當時衛(wei)(wei)靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)的(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)把(ba)盂地獻給齊國,路過宋(song)(song)國野外。野外的(de)人(ren)唱歌說:“已(yi)經滿(man)足你(ni)(ni)們的(de)母豬,何不歸還我(wo)(wo)們那漂亮的(de)公(gong)豬?”,母豬是指(zhi)南子(zi)(zi)(zi),公(gong)豬是指(zhi)宋(song)(song)朝,意(yi)(yi)思是說,已(yi)經滿(man)足南子(zi)(zi)(zi),為什么(me)不把(ba)宋(song)(song)朝歸還宋(song)(song)國。太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)感到羞恥(chi),對家(jia)臣戲陽速說:“跟著我(wo)(wo)去(qu)(qu)朝見(jian)夫人(ren),夫人(ren)接(jie)見(jian)我(wo)(wo),我(wo)(wo)一(yi)回頭看你(ni)(ni),你(ni)(ni)就(jiu)殺(sha)(sha)死她(ta)。”戲陽速同意(yi)(yi)。于是二人(ren)前去(qu)(qu)朝見(jian)南子(zi)(zi)(zi)。南子(zi)(zi)(zi)接(jie)見(jian)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui),太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)回頭看了戲陽速三次,戲陽速后悔刺殺(sha)(sha)南子(zi)(zi)(zi),所以沒(mei)有下手(shou)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)頻頻用眼睛向戲陽速示(shi)意(yi)(yi),南子(zi)(zi)(zi)覺察到太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)的(de)臉色異(yi)常,知道太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)要刺殺(sha)(sha)自己,南子(zi)(zi)(zi)害(hai)怕,號哭著逃(tao)走,說:“太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)想要殺(sha)(sha)我(wo)(wo)。”衛(wei)(wei)靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)拉著南子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)手(shou)登上高臺。衛(wei)(wei)靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)因(yin)此大怒,太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)于是逃(tao)亡到宋(song)(song)國 ,衛(wei)(wei)靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)將太(tai)(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯(kuai)聵(kui)的(de)黨(dang)羽都趕走。
衛靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)四十二(er)年(魯哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)年,前493年)四月(yue)丙子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)日,衛靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)去世(shi)。衛靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)生前曾想立兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)郢為太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),衛靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)死后(hou),南子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)遵照衛靈(ling)(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)意(yi)愿(yuan),想立公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)郢為太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),說:“命令公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)郢做太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),這是國君的(de)(de)命令。”公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)郢回答說:“郢和別的(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)一樣,而且我(wo)伺候國君到(dao)死,如果有這話,郢一定會聽到(dao)。并且還有逃亡者太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蒯聵的(de)(de)兒子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)輒在那里,我(wo)不(bu)敢即太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)位。”于(yu)是便(bian)擁(yong)立輒為國君,是為衛出公(gong)(gong)(gong)。
衛出公十二年(魯哀公十四年,前481年),太(tai)子(zi)蒯聵(kui)聯合渾良(liang)夫準備奪取衛國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)君之位,太(tai)子(zi)蒯聵(kui)之子(zi)衛出公逃奔魯國(guo)(guo)(guo),太(tai)子(zi)蒯聵(kui)于是(shi)繼位,是(shi)為衛莊公。衛莊公繼位后(hou),殺死南子(zi)和渾良(liang)夫。
●孔子見南子
儒家學派創始人孔子有(you)一(yi)次來到衛國(guo),寄宿在(zai)蘧伯玉家里。
南(nan)子(zi)(zi)派人對孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)說:“各(ge)國的(de)君子(zi)(zi)不(bu)惜蒙受恥辱想與(yu)我(wo)(wo)們國君結為兄(xiong)弟(di)之情,必定要(yao)(yao)先見(jian)我(wo)(wo)們國君的(de)夫人。我(wo)(wo)愿(yuan)見(jian)見(jian)您(nin)。”孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)推辭告謝,不(bu)得已去見(jian)南(nan)子(zi)(zi)。南(nan)子(zi)(zi)在細葛(ge)布做成的(de)幃帳里。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)進門(men)后,向北面恭敬(jing)地叩(kou)頭行(xing)禮(li)。南(nan)子(zi)(zi)在帷帳中叩(kou)頭還禮(li),身(shen)上的(de)佩玉首飾(shi)發叮當碰(peng)擊(ji)的(de)清脆(cui)響聲。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)學生子(zi)(zi)路對此(ci)很(hen)不(bu)高(gao)興(xing)。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)指天發誓說:“我(wo)(wo)要(yao)(yao)不(bu)是(shi)不(bu)得已的(de)話,上天厭棄我(wo)(wo)!上天厭棄我(wo)(wo)!”過(guo)了一(yi)(yi)個多月后,衛靈公與(yu)南(nan)子(zi)(zi)同坐(zuo)一(yi)(yi)輛(liang)(liang)車(che)子(zi)(zi),宦(huan)官雍渠陪侍左右,出了宮(gong)門(men),要(yao)(yao)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)坐(zuo)在第二輛(liang)(liang)車(che)上跟在后面,招搖經過(guo)街市。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)說:“我(wo)(wo)沒(mei)有見(jian)過(guo)愛好德行(xing)如愛好美色一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)人。”于是(shi)厭惡,于是(shi)離開衛國。
劉向(xiang)《列女(nv)傳》:“南子惑(huo)淫,宋(song)朝是親,譖彼蒯(kuai)聵(kui),使之出(chu)奔(ben),悝母(mu)亦(yi)嬖,出(chu)入兩君,二亂交錯,咸以滅身。”
《史記·卷三十七·衛康叔世家(jia)第七》
《史記·卷四十七(qi)·孔(kong)子(zi)世家第十七(qi)》
《列女傳(chuan)·卷之七·孽嬖傳(chuan)》
時間 片名 類型 扮演者
1940年 《孔夫子》 電視劇 慕容婉兒
1990年 《孔(kong)子》 電視劇 王婧(jing)
2010年 《孔子》 電影 周(zhou)迅
2010年 《孔(kong)子(zi)春秋》 電視(shi)劇 李欣汝
2010年 《孔(kong)子》 電視劇 李貞(zhen)賢