宋文公(gong)(gong)，子姓，宋氏，名鮑(bao)（一作鮑(bao)革），亦(yi)稱公(gong)(gong)子鮑(bao)或(huo)公(gong)(gong)子鮑(bao)革，宋成公(gong)(gong)之子，宋昭公(gong)(gong)的弟(di)弟(di)。
公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)為人(ren)(ren)賢明，對國(guo)人(ren)(ren)以禮(li)相待，當(dang)時宋國(guo)發生饑荒，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)把糧食全部拿出來施舍。對年紀(ji)在七十(shi)歲以上的，沒有(you)不送東西的，還按時令加(jia)送珍貴(gui)食品。沒有(you)一天不進出六卿的大門。對國(guo)內有(you)才能的人(ren)(ren)，沒有(you)不加(jia)事(shi)奉的；對親屬中(zhong)從宋桓公(gong)(gong)以下的子(zi)孫(sun)，沒有(you)不加(jia)周濟的。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)長(chang)得漂(piao)亮而且(qie)艷麗，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)祖父宋襄公(gong)(gong)的夫人(ren)(ren)（周襄王之姐）想和他私通(tong)，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)不肯，襄公(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)(ren)就幫助(zhu)他在國(guo)人(ren)(ren)中(zhong)廣施恩(en)惠(hui)。宋昭公(gong)(gong)無道，宋國(guo)人(ren)(ren)都不親附宋昭公(gong)(gong)，宋國(guo)人(ren)(ren)由(you)于襄公(gong)(gong)夫人(ren)(ren)的關系而擁護公(gong)(gong)子(zi)鮑(bao)。
宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)九年（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前611年），當時，華元擔(dan)(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)右師，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)友擔(dan)(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)左(zuo)師，華耦(ou)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)司(si)馬、鱗鱹擔(dan)(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)司(si)徒，蕩(dang)(dang)意(yi)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)司(si)城(cheng)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)朝擔(dan)(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)司(si)寇(kou)。當初，司(si)城(cheng)蕩(dang)(dang)去(qu)世，公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)壽辭掉司(si)城(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)官職，請(qing)求讓(rang)(rang)蕩(dang)(dang)意(yi)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。后(hou)(hou)來告訴別人說(shuo)：“國(guo)君無道，我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)官位接近國(guo)君，很怕禍(huo)患引(yin)到(dao)(dao)身上。如(ru)果(guo)丟掉官職不(bu)干(gan)，家族(zu)就無所(suo)庇護。兒(er)子(zi)(zi)，是我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)代表，姑且(qie)讓(rang)(rang)我(wo)晚點(dian)死(si)去(qu)。這(zhe)樣，雖然喪失(shi)兒(er)子(zi)(zi)，還不(bu)致(zhi)于喪失(shi)家族(zu)。”不(bu)久以(yi)后(hou)(hou)，襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)人準(zhun)備讓(rang)(rang)宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)在孟(meng)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)（今河南商丘(qiu)東北）打(da)獵而乘(cheng)機殺死(si)他(ta)。宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)得(de)知后(hou)(hou)，帶(dai)上全部(bu)珍(zhen)寶出行(xing)(xing)。蕩(dang)(dang)意(yi)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)說(shuo)：“何不(bu)到(dao)(dao)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯那里去(qu)？”宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)說(shuo)：“得(de)不(bu)到(dao)(dao)自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)甚至君祖母以(yi)及人們的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯誰肯接納我(wo)？而且(qie)已經(jing)做了別人的(de)(de)(de)君主，再(zai)做別人的(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)(chen)下(xia)(xia)，不(bu)如(ru)死(si)了好(hao)。”魯昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)把他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)珍(zhen)寶全部(bu)賜(si)給左(zuo)右隨行(xing)(xing)人員，而讓(rang)(rang)他(ta)們離去(qu)。襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)夫(fu)(fu)人派人告訴蕩(dang)(dang)意(yi)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)離開宋(song)(song)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，蕩(dang)(dang)意(yi)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)回答說(shuo)：“做他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)(chen)下(xia)(xia)，而又(you)逃(tao)避他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)禍(huo)難，怎么能事奉(feng)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)君呢？”
宋昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)九年（公(gong)(gong)元前611年）十一月(yue)二十二日，宋昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)準備去孟(meng)諸(zhu)打獵，沒有(you)到達，襄公(gong)(gong)夫(fu)人(ren)派遣帥甸(dian)（《史(shi)記》作(zuo)衛伯）進攻并殺死宋昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)，于是(shi)公(gong)(gong)子鮑繼位，是(shi)為(wei)宋文公(gong)(gong)。
宋(song)(song)文公(gong)元(yuan)年（公(gong)元(yuan)前610年）春天，晉國(guo)荀林父、衛(wei)國(guo)孔達、陳(chen)國(guo)公(gong)孫寧(ning)、鄭國(guo)石(shi)楚聯軍攻打宋(song)(song)國(guo)，譴責宋(song)(song)國(guo)人殺害宋(song)(song)昭公(gong)。得知(zhi)宋(song)(song)文公(gong)繼(ji)(ji)位的消息后，便承認宋(song)(song)文公(gong)繼(ji)(ji)位的合法性(xing)，于是撤兵離(li)去。
宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)二(er)年(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元前609年(nian)），宋(song)武公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)桓公(gong)(gong)的(de)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)帶領宋(song)昭公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)子，準備擁(yong)奉(feng)宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)同母弟司(si)城(cheng)公(gong)(gong)子須來(lai)(lai)發(fa)動叛亂，同年(nian)十二(er)月(yue)，宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)殺死公(gong)(gong)子須和(he)宋(song)昭公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)子，讓宋(song)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)桓公(gong)(gong)的(de)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)在司(si)馬子伯(bo)的(de)賓館里攻打宋(song)武公(gong)(gong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)，于是就把宋(song)武公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)穆(mu)(mu)公(gong)(gong)的(de)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)驅逐出境，派遣公(gong)(gong)孫(sun)師(shi)擔任司(si)城(cheng)。公(gong)(gong)子朝(chao)去世，宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)派樂呂(lv)擔任司(si)寇，來(lai)(lai)安(an)定國(guo)內的(de)人(ren)(ren)心。
宋(song)文公四年（公元前606年）春天，鄭國(guo)公子歸生接受楚(chu)國(guo)命令(ling)攻(gong)打宋(song)國(guo)。宋(song)文公派華(hua)元、樂呂帶兵(bing)(bing)抵(di)御。二(er)月初十(shi)日，雙(shuang)方在大(da)棘開戰，宋(song)軍大(da)敗。鄭軍俘虜(lu)華(hua)元，得(de)到樂呂的(de)尸首，繳(jiao)獲戰車四百六十(shi)輛，俘虜(lu)二(er)百五十(shi)人，割(ge)下一百名宋(song)軍陣亡士兵(bing)(bing)的(de)耳朵。
華(hua)元(yuan)準備與(yu)鄭(zheng)軍(jun)(jun)開戰時，殺羊(yang)犒(kao)賞士(shi)兵，他的車夫羊(yang)斟(zhen)沒有吃到羊(yang)肉(rou)羹(geng)汁，所以怨恨華(hua)元(yuan)。等到兩軍(jun)(jun)交戰，羊(yang)斟(zhen)說：“前天的羊(yang)，是你(ni)作主(zhu)；今天的打仗(zhang)，是我作主(zhu)。”就驅車沖進鄭(zheng)軍(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)中，因(yin)此宋軍(jun)(jun)戰敗，鄭(zheng)軍(jun)(jun)得以活捉華(hua)元(yuan)。
宋文公(gong)用一百(bai)輛戰車、四(si)百(bai)匹毛色漂亮的良馬，從鄭國(guo)贖(shu)回(hui)華元(yuan)。戰車和良馬還沒(mei)全部(bu)送(song)到(dao)鄭國(guo)，華元(yuan)就自己逃回(hui)了宋國(guo)。
宋(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)五年（公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)605年），宋(song)(song)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)(song)穆公(gong)(gong)的族人(ren)用曹國的軍隊(dui)(dui)攻(gong)打宋(song)(song)國。同年秋(qiu)天(tian)，宋(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)派軍隊(dui)(dui)包圍曹國，以報復宋(song)(song)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)等族人(ren)的叛亂。
宋文公十一年(nian)（公元前600年(nian)）冬天，宋文公乘滕國有喪(sang)事之機，派兵(bing)包圍(wei)滕國。
宋(song)文公十二年（公元前599年），滕國(guo)人依(yi)靠晉國(guo)而(er)不事(shi)奉宋(song)國(guo)。同(tong)年六月(yue)，宋(song)文公再度派兵(bing)進攻滕國(guo)。
宋(song)(song)文公(gong)(gong)十五年（公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)597年）夏(xia)天，楚(chu)國國君楚(chu)莊王因宋(song)(song)國曾救(jiu)援蕭國，于是派兵進攻宋(song)(song)國。
宋(song)(song)(song)文(wen)公十六年(nian)（公元前596年(nian)），楚(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)使者(zhe)經過宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)，宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)與楚(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)有舊仇(chou)，便抓住楚(chu)(chu)(chu)國(guo)使者(zhe)。同年(nian)九月，楚(chu)(chu)(chu)莊王圍攻宋(song)(song)(song)國(guo)。
宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)十七年（公(gong)(gong)元前595年），因楚軍(jun)包圍(wei)(wei)宋(song)國(guo)(guo)五個月不解(jie)圍(wei)(wei)，宋(song)國(guo)(guo)都城中(zhong)沒有糧食，岌岌可(ke)危，于是宋(song)文公(gong)(gong)派樂(le)嬰齊到晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)求(qiu)救。晉(jin)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)君晉(jin)景公(gong)(gong)本想救援宋(song)國(guo)(guo)，但采(cai)納(na)大(da)臣伯宗的建議(yi)，就停止(zhi)發兵援救宋(song)國(guo)(guo)，只(zhi)是派遣(qian)解(jie)揚(yang)到宋(song)國(guo)(guo)去，讓(rang)宋(song)國(guo)(guo)不要投降楚國(guo)(guo)。
宋文公十七年（公元前595年）五月，楚莊(zhuang)王準備撤(che)軍(jun)，但在申(shen)犀、申(shen)叔勸阻下楚莊(zhuang)王沒有撤(che)軍(jun)，反(fan)而采納申(shen)叔的(de)計策，讓人(ren)在宋國(guo)建(jian)房子(zi)、種田。宋文公害怕，派華(hua)元在夜里(li)進入楚軍(jun)營見楚將子(zi)反(fan)，子(zi)反(fan)告訴楚莊(zhuang)王。楚莊(zhuang)王問：“城(cheng)中情況怎樣？”華(hua)元說：“劈開人(ren)骨頭(tou)當柴燒，互相交換子(zi)女來烹(peng)食。”楚莊(zhuang)王說：“多誠實的(de)話啊！我軍(jun)也只有兩天的(de)軍(jun)糧。”因為華(hua)元的(de)誠實，楚國(guo)終于罷兵解(jie)圍而去。
宋文公(gong)二十二年（公(gong)元(yuan)前589年）八月，宋文公(gong)去世，其子宋共公(gong)繼(ji)位(wei)。
巧笑倩兮 
