磐安圍,位(wei)于廣東省興寧(ning)市(shi)葉塘鎮河(he)西村麻嶺頂東麓(lu),是“興寧(ning)十大古(gu)民居“之一(yi)。由(you)劉氏十七世吉昌于清光緒二十一(yi)年(nian)(1895年(nian))興建。坐西向東,為三堂四橫(heng)圍龍屋(wu)布局,總(zong)面(mian)闊105.2米(mi),總(zong)進深53.6米(mi),建筑(zhu)占地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)5060平方米(mi),分(fen)布面(mian)積(ji)(ji)約(yue)15000平方米(mi)。
以夯土墻和木石構架承重。灰瓦硬山頂。中軸部分為三堂屋四橫屋,橫屋后面是半(ban)月形圍(wei)(wei)龍(long)(long),堂屋(wu)(wu)前是長方(fang)形禾坪(ping),禾坪(ping)前有(you)(you)半(ban)月形池塘(tang)。中軸建筑為方(fang)形廳(ting)堂,廳(ting)與廳(ting)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)以天(tian)(tian)井相隔,大小天(tian)(tian)井共21個。四周建有(you)(you)角樓(lou)。共有(you)(you)房間(jian)(jian)(jian)122間(jian)(jian)(jian),廳(ting)堂兩邊(bian)有(you)(you)南(nan)北廳(ting)、書齋、廂房、花(hua)廳(ting)、居(ju)(ju)室、浴(yu)室、廚(chu)房等。半(ban)月形的(de)圍(wei)(wei)屋(wu)(wu)連(lian)結橫屋(wu)(wu),內為花(hua)頭腦,其間(jian)(jian)(jian)鑲嵌有(you)(you)“五行(xing)風水石”。正(zheng)對中軸線圍(wei)(wei)龍(long)(long)頂端中間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)房子是龍(long)(long)廳(ting),是祭神用的(de)神圣之地(di)。所有(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)井、臺階、夯土墻轉角處(chu)(chu)及大部(bu)分門框都用麻石條塊加固、鋪墊(dian)。在(zai)(zai)圍(wei)(wei)龍(long)(long)屋(wu)(wu)兩邊(bian)還建有(you)(you)碓間(jian)(jian)(jian)、牛(niu)舍、豬欄間(jian)(jian)(jian)、馬廄、雜物間(jian)(jian)(jian)、衛生(sheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)等,實現了(le)人畜分居(ju)(ju)。圍(wei)(wei)龍(long)(long)屋(wu)(wu)外層(ceng)設有(you)(you)許多(duo)明暗槍眼,在(zai)(zai)四角樓(lou)最(zui)高處(chu)(chu)還有(you)(you)瞭望孔,其設計(ji)是沒有(you)(you)射擊死角,防御功能較齊(qi)全。屋(wu)(wu)后有(you)(you)山(shan)泉水,采(cai)用暗井、暗渠直通屋(wu)(wu)內,具(ju)有(you)(you)隱蔽(bi)性。生(sheng)產、生(sheng)活(huo)功能齊(qi)全,如儲備物資充足,可足不(bu)出戶(hu)在(zai)(zai)圍(wei)(wei)龍(long)(long)屋(wu)(wu)內生(sheng)活(huo)一(yi)年。2009年被評(ping)為興寧(ning)市十(shi)大古民居(ju)(ju)。