[英國]華(hua)茲華(hua)斯 顧子欣(xin) 譯
我好似一朵孤獨的流(liu)云，
高高地飄游(you)在山(shan)谷之(zhi)上，
突然(ran)我看到(dao)一大片(pian)鮮花，
是金色的水仙遍地開放。
它們開(kai)在(zai)湖畔，開(kai)在(zai)樹下
它們隨風嬉(xi)舞，隨風飄蕩。
它們密集如銀河的星星，
像群星(xing)在閃爍一(yi)片晶瑩；
它們沿著海灣(wan)向(xiang)前伸展(zhan)，
通向(xiang)遠方仿佛(fo)無窮無盡；
一(yi)眼看去就有千朵(duo)萬朵(duo)，
萬花搖(yao)首舞(wu)得多(duo)么高(gao)興。
粼粼湖波也在近旁歡跳，
卻(que)不知這水(shui)仙舞得輕俏(qiao)；
詩人遇(yu)見這快(kuai)樂的伙伴，
又怎能不(bu)感到歡欣雀躍(yue)；
我(wo)久(jiu)久(jiu)凝視--卻未能領悟
這景象所帶給我的(de)精(jing)神至寶。
后來多少次(ci)我郁郁獨(du)臥，
感到(dao)百(bai)無聊賴心靈空漠；
這景象便在(zai)腦海中閃現，
多少(shao)次安(an)慰過我的寂寞；
我(wo)的心又隨水仙跳起舞來(lai)，
我的心又重新充滿(man)了歡(huan)樂。
詠水仙 又譯為 我好似一朵流云獨自(zi)漫游(you)
我獨自漫游，像山谷上空 悠悠飄過的一朵云霓(ni)，驀然舉(ju)目(mu)，我望見一叢 金黃的水(shui)仙，繽紛茂密(mi)；在湖水(shui)之濱，樹蔭(yin)之下，正(zheng)隨風搖曳，舞姿(zi)瀟灑。
連綿密布，似繁星萬(wan)點 在銀河上下閃爍明滅，這一片水仙，沿著(zhu)湖灣 排(pai)成延續無盡的行(xing)列；一眼便瞥見萬(wan)多千株，搖顫著(zhu)花冠，輕盈飄(piao)舞。
湖面的漣漪也迎風起(qi)舞(wu)，水(shui)仙的歡悅卻勝似漣漪；有了(le)(le)這(zhe)樣愉快(kuai)的伴侶，詩人怎能不心曠神怡！我凝(ning)望(wang)多(duo)時，卻未曾想到 這(zhe)美景(jing)給了(le)(le)我怎樣的珍寶。
從此，每當我倚榻(ta)而臥(wo)，或情懷抑郁，或心境茫然，水(shui)仙(xian)呵，便在心目(mu)中閃爍——那是我孤寂時分的樂園；我的心靈便歡情洋溢，和水(shui)仙(xian)一(yi)道舞踴不(bu)息(xi)。
“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” was written by William Wordsworth, the representative poet of the early romanticism. As a great poet of nature, William Wordsworth was the first to find words for the most elementary sensations of man face to face with natural phenomena. These sensations are universal and old but, once expressed in his poetry, become charmingly beautiful and new. His deep love for nature runs through short lyrics such as “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills,
When all at once I saw a crowd,
A host, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
Continuous as the stars that shine
And twinkle on the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thought
What wealth the show to me had brought:
For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.
“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” is a poem about nature. With his pure and poetic language, Wordsworth brings us into a beautiful world where there are daffodils, trees and breeze. We follow the poet at every turn of his feelings. We share his melancholy when he “wandered lonely as a cloud” and his delight the moment his heart “with pleasure fills ”. We come to realize the great power of nature that may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem.
Edgar Allan Poe once described poetry as “ music… combined with a pleasure idea”. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also makes great use of the “music ”of the language to achieve sound beauty in addition to convey meaning. He employs masculine rhyme in “a, b, a, b, c, c” pattern to receive emphasis as a musical effect. (e.g. “cloud” (a), “hills” (b), “crowd” (a), “daffodils” (b), “trees” (c), “breeze” (c) in stanza 1). He also achieves musical quality by the management of alliteration (e.g. “That floats on high o’er vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance (e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5” and “ They stretched in never-ending line” in line 9) and consonance (e.g. “ vales and hills” in line 2 ). Besides the repetition of sounds, the poet also makes his poem a strong appeal for us in language that is rhythmical. He arranges his poem in lines of iambic tetrameter in the main with alternation of iambic trimeter.
( e.g. I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o’er vales and hills
When all at once I saw a crowd
A host, of golden daffodils
Beside the lake, beneath the trees
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze )
He slowed down the tempo in line 4 to keep in accordance with his bated breath the moment he glimpses at a host of golden daffodils thus convey to us the poet’s intoxication in the face of nature. With all these musical devices, Wordsworth secures a songlike effect of his poem in addition to communicate his emotion and meaning.
An old saying goes “There are pictures in poetry and poetry in pictures”. It finds its most eloquent examples in most of the Chinese Tang poems that present the readers with beautiful pictures. In the poem “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud”, the poet also seeks to express his emotions by providing the sense impressions he has through imagery. He depicts a picture in which “a host of golden daffodils (visual imagery) fluttering and dancing in the breeze” (kinaesthetic imagery) so vividly that it appeals richly to our senses and to our imagination.
Wordsworth, in the poem, also employs figurative language to evoke not only the visual effect but also the emotional response. (e.g. in line 1, the poet makes a comparison between “I wandered lonely” and “a cloud” by the use of simile, thus convey to us his lonely and melancholy mood with the image of “cloud”. In line 7, he also amplifies the visual effect by the use of another simile “Continuous as the stars that shine…” to evoke our sense of “daffodils” with the image of “stars” twinkling on the milky way which is familiar to us all. He goes further to impress us with the image of countless daffodils with an overstatement in line 9 “They stretched in never-ending line”). Besides, natural things are also endowed with human being’s characters by the poet’s subtle use of personification. (e.g. “Tossing their heads in sprightly dance” “The waves beside them danced”) therefore, as we read the poem, we become aware of the poet’s deep love toward nature through his lovely and vivid description about natural things with his figurative language.
What’s more, Wordsworth goes further to communicate his emotion and meaning by his thoughtful tone. The choose of the word “lonely” in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” instead of other words like carefree, leisure or jolly convey to us the poet’s depression and disconsolateness at the very beginning. But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes can see and finds himself in the midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poet’s mood from sadness to happiness manifests the theme --- the great influence of nature upon human being.
這首詩(shi)(shi)寫(xie)于(yu)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)從法國(guo)回來不久。詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)帶著對自由(you)的(de)向(xiang)往去了法國(guo)，參加一(yi)些革命活動。但(dan)法國(guo)革命沒有(you)帶來預期(qi)的(de)結果，隨之而來的(de)是(shi)混亂。詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)的(de)失望(wang)和受的(de)打擊(ji)是(shi)可想而知的(de)，后(hou)(hou)來在他的(de)朋友和妹妹的(de)幫助下，情緒才得以艱(jian)難地恢復。這首詩(shi)(shi)就寫(xie)于(yu)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)的(de)心情平靜之后(hou)(hou)不久。
在(zai)詩的(de)(de)開頭，詩人(ren)將自己(ji)比喻為一(yi)(yi)朵孤獨的(de)(de)流云，孤單地(di)在(zai)高高的(de)(de)天空飄蕩。孤傲的(de)(de)詩人(ren)發現一(yi)(yi)大片金色的(de)(de)水仙，它們歡快地(di)遍地(di)開放。在(zai)詩人(ren)的(de)(de)心(xin)中，水仙已經不是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)植物了(le)，而(er)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)象征(zheng)，代表(biao)了(le)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)靈魂，代表(biao)了(le)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)精神。
水(shui)仙(xian)很(hen)多，如天(tian)上的(de)(de)(de)星(xing)(xing)星(xing)(xing)，都在閃爍。水(shui)仙(xian)似(si)乎是動的(de)(de)(de)，沿著彎屈(qu)的(de)(de)(de)海岸(an)線向前(qian)方伸展(zhan)。詩人(ren)(ren)為(wei)有這樣的(de)(de)(de)旅伴而歡欣(xin)鼓舞、歡呼跳躍。在詩人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)中(zhong)，水(shui)仙(xian)代表(biao)了(le)自然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)精華，是自然(ran)心(xin)(xin)靈的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)妙(miao)表(biao)現。但是，歡快的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)仙(xian)并不(bu)(bu)能(neng)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伴在詩人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)身邊(bian)，詩人(ren)(ren)離開了(le)水(shui)仙(xian)，心(xin)(xin)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冒出憂郁孤寂的(de)(de)(de)情緒。這時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)詩人(ren)(ren)寫(xie)出了(le)一(yi)種對社會(hui)、世界的(de)(de)(de)感受(shou)：那(nei)高傲、純潔的(de)(de)(de)靈魂(hun)在現實的(de)(de)(de)世界只(zhi)能(neng)郁郁寡歡。當然(ran)，詩人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)腦海深處會(hui)不(bu)(bu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)浮現水(shui)仙(xian)那(nei)美(mei)妙(miao)的(de)(de)(de)景象(xiang)，這時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)詩人(ren)(ren)雙情緒振奮(fen)，歡欣(xin)鼓舞。
詩歌的(de)(de)基調是浪漫的(de)(de)，同時帶著濃烈的(de)(de)象(xiang)征主義色(se)彩。可以說，詩人(ren)的(de)(de)一生只在自然中找到(dao)了寄托。
歲月靜好 
