名稱:太白華(hua)陽龍(long)
拉丁(ding)學名:Huayangosaurus taibaii dong, et. al
體長:長4.3-4.5米(mi)
食性:柔軟(ruan)多汁的植物(wu)
生存(cun)年(nian)代:中侏羅世
地質(zhi)層位:下沙溪(xi)廟組(zu)
生存地點:中國(guo)自貢大山(shan)鋪
辨認要訣:肩(jian)上各有(you)一個(ge)的棘刺
種類:劍龍類·華陽(yang)龍科
太白華陽龍(long)(long)屬于極為原(yuan)始型的(de)劍(jian)龍(long)(long)類,大(da)(da)約(yue)4.3米長(chang),頭骨(gu)(gu)非常厚重而狹長(chang),像楔(xie)子狀(zhuang)。在(zai)頭骨(gu)(gu)上(shang),存在(zai)有二(er)到三個眶(kuang)上(shang)骨(gu)(gu);同時在(zai)顎上(shang)有一個小型的(de)眶(kuang)前開孔(kong);在(zai)大(da)(da)顎上(shang)又發(fa)育良(liang)好的(de)尺骨(gu)(gu)冠狀(zhuang)突(tu)起(qi),以(yi)及(ji)在(zai)上(shang)隅(yu)骨(gu)(gu)一個小型后(hou)方(fang)孔(kong)。顎前排(pai)列(lie)有六到七顆葉片狀(zhuang)小齒。最引(yin)人入勝的(de)背脊骨(gu)(gu)板,從頸(jing)項到尾端對(dui)稱排(pai)列(lie),形狀(zhuang)稍異。而在(zai)肩部則有一對(dui)特大(da)(da)型的(de)骨(gu)(gu)板。總計大(da)(da)山鋪挖(wa)掘出12具華陽龍(long)(long)的(de)個體(ti);完整的(de)兩具骨(gu)(gu)架經過復元裝(zhuang)架,分別陳(chen)列(lie)在(zai)自貢恐龍(long)(long)博物館以(yi)及(ji)重慶博物館中(zhong)。
太(tai)白華陽(yang)(yang)龍(long)(long)(long)是一(yi)種中等大小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始劍龍(long)(long)(long),這具標(biao)本(ben)是世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代最(zui)早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)劍龍(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)架。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現(xian)為劍龍(long)(long)(long)起源(yuan)于東亞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)論提供了實證。大山鋪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)太(tai)白華陽(yang)(yang)龍(long)(long)(long)標(biao)本(ben)有(you)10余個(ge),大部分被(bei)自貢(gong)恐龍(long)(long)(long)博物館收藏(zang),已(yi)被(bei)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)和記錄(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)約有(you)7個(ge)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正型標(biao)本(ben)為綜合骨(gu)架,包括一(yi)個(ge)吻部略受(shou)損的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頭骨(gu)和一(yi)些零散不全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脊椎(zhui)骨(gu)、四肢骨(gu)及骨(gu)板。太(tai)白華陽(yang)(yang)龍(long)(long)(long)也是侏羅紀中期地層中發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劍龍(long)(long)(long)中最(zui)完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)架。
小型到中等大(da)(da)小的(de)劍龍(long)類(lei)。頭骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)而(er)(er)厚重(zhong),前(qian)(qian)低后(hou)高,呈(cheng)楔形(xing)。前(qian)(qian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)頜骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)頜骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之間存(cun)在(zai)一(yi)小的(de)橢圓形(xing)凹(ao)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)顳孔之前(qian)(qian)的(de)眶上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)內側突(tu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有一(yi)小的(de)角。顴(quan)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)發育(yu),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)突(tu)短,后(hou)突(tu)伸長(chang)。眼眶之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)具(ju)兩(liang)塊眶上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。眼前(qian)(qian)孔大(da)(da),呈(cheng)三角形(xing)。下頜厚實,前(qian)(qian)齒(chi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)小,其上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)無牙齒(chi)。冠(guan)狀骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)發育(yu)。下頜孔外孔小,三角形(xing)。前(qian)(qian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)頜齒(chi)存(cun)在(zai),且(qie)數(shu)量多(duo)達7枚(mei)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)頜齒(chi)至(zhi)少(shao)(shao)28枚(mei),下頜齒(chi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)齒(chi)至(zhi)少(shao)(shao)27枚(mei)。所有頰齒(chi)葉片狀,齒(chi)環不發育(yu),齒(chi)根圓錐(zhui)狀。頸椎(zhui)8個(ge),背椎(zhui)16個(ge)薦(jian)椎(zhui)4個(ge)牢固(gu)愈合在(zai)一(yi)起,背面未封閉,可見(jian)三對薦(jian)孔。尾椎(zhui)至(zhi)少(shao)(shao)35個(ge)。前(qian)(qian)部背肋骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)干(gan)后(hou)緣具(ju)有鉤狀突(tu)。肱(gong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)略短于股骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。近排腕骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)呈(cheng)橢球(qiu)狀,強烈愈合一(yi)起。后(hou)腳第Ⅱ、Ⅲ趾(zhi)具(ju)有3個(ge)趾(zhi)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。恥骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)前(qian)(qian)突(tu)短而(er)(er)扁平,后(hou)突(tu)長(chang)而(er)(er)呈(cheng)竿狀,末端膨大(da)(da)與坐骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)末端等齊拼合,膜質骨(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)板。