芒果视频

簡介

巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)西(xi)漢(han)初年從西(xi)南(nan)地區賨人(ren)(ren)（板盾蠻）那里傳來(lai)的舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)。漢(han)高祖(zu)劉邦在平定三秦(qin)時，招(zhao)募(mu)了(le)一批(pi)賨人(ren)(ren)作前鋒，賨人(ren)(ren)勇猛(meng)善(shan)戰(zhan)，其(qi)風(feng)俗又善(shan)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，劉邦便命樂(le)(le)工學習和改編了(le)他們的舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)，因為(wei)賨人(ren)(ren)生活于(yu)巴郡(jun)渝水一帶，所以就稱此種(zhong)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)為(wei)巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu).巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)傳入宮(gong)廷(ting)后，成(cheng)為(wei)宮(gong)廷(ting)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)，用來(lai)在宮(gong)廷(ting)宴(yan)會上表(biao)(biao)演軍旅戰(zhan)斗(dou)的場面(mian)，歌(ge)頌帝王功(gong)德(de)，是(shi)漢(han)代(dai)(dai)著名雜舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。表(biao)(biao)演時，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者自披(pi)盔甲，手持矛、弩箭，口唱賨人(ren)(ren)古老(lao)戰(zhan)歌(ge)，樂(le)(le)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)交作，邊歌(ge)邊舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者有36人(ren)(ren)，是(shi)群舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。由于(yu)這種(zhong)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)是(shi)武(wu)樂(le)(le)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)，漢(han)哀(ai)帝罷樂(le)(le)府后，對巴渝鼓員36人(ren)(ren)仍認(ren)為(wei)不可罷，交由大樂(le)(le)領屬，將它(ta)列入雅(ya)樂(le)(le)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)的系統。其(qi)伴奏樂(le)(le)器以銅鼓為(wei)主，配合擊磬、搖鼗、撫琴，舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)曲(qu)有《矛渝本(ben)(ben)歌(ge)曲(qu)》、《安弩渝本(ben)(ben)歌(ge)曲(qu)》、《安臺本(ben)(ben)歌(ge)曲(qu)》、《行辭本(ben)(ben)歌(ge)曲(qu)》等4篇(pian)。巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發展到(dao)魏晉，已完(wan)全變(bian)成(cheng)廟(miao)堂祭祀性質的舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)。巴渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在我國古代(dai)(dai)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)藝術中占有較重(zhong)要的地位。

基本信息

巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝舞：是中國古代最有影響的戰前(qian)舞，即(ji)武舞。今和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)慶北部四川東(dong)北部嘉陵江(jiang)支流(liu)渝水（今重(zhong)(zhong)慶嘉陵江(jiang)）一(yi)帶居住過一(yi)種少數民(min)族人（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)人的一(yi)支），或稱板木盾(dun)蠻，又稱獠人，創造了一(yi)種具有民(min)族特色的舞蹈，它發源于巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)郡渝水流(liu)域，故名(ming)為(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝舞。”

歷史淵源

巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是中(zhong)國古(gu)代最有(you)(you)(you)影響(xiang)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)前舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，即武(wu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。《左傳》載3000年前“周武(wu)王(wang)伐紂(zhou)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)師勇銳(rui)，歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)凌殷人。故曰(yue)：武(wu)王(wang)伐紂(zhou)前戈后舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。”這(zhe)里對“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)師歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”并未命(ming)名(ming)(ming)，直(zhi)到秦漢相爭時漢王(wang)朝再次(ci)將此舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)用于戰(zhan)斗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，在(zai)沖鋒陷陣(zhen)時“銳(rui)氣喜舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，武(wu)帝善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)‘此武(wu)王(wang)伐紂(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)，乃令樂(le)人習(xi)學之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，今所謂巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。’”這(zhe)是“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)在(zai)史(shi)書上(shang)正式(shi)提出。漢高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)為(wei)什(shen)么把這(zhe)種戰(zhan)前舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)命(ming)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”？有(you)(you)(you)關巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)眾(zhong)說(shuo)紛(fen)紜。董其(qi)祥教授在(zai)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)(liu)考》中(zhong)，把“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)結論為(wei)：“重(zhong)慶(qing)北(bei)(bei)部四川東(dong)北(bei)(bei)部嘉陵江(jiang)支流(liu)(liu)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水（今名(ming)(ming)流(liu)(liu)江(jiang)）一帶(dai)居(ju)住過一種少數民族(zu)人（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)人的(de)(de)一支），或稱板木盾蠻(man)，又稱獠(liao)人，創(chuang)造了一種具有(you)(you)(you)民族(zu)特(te)色的(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈，它發源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于巴(ba)(ba)(ba)郡(jun)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水流(liu)(liu)域，故名(ming)(ming)為(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。”另有(you)(you)(you)胡宏(hong)基先生《解讀(du)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)》認定(ding)“閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)市保(bao)寧鎮(zhen)為(wei)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄉。”晉人郭(guo)注釋“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”一辭說(shuo)：“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)西閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水，獠(liao)人居(ju)其(qi)上(shang)，皆剛(gang)勇好舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，漢高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)平三秦，后使樂(le)府習(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)因名(ming)(ming)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)。”

命名

“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞”之(zhi)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)，既不(bu)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)郡、巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)郡之(zhi)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)”和(he)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”為其(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)，也不(bu)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族名(ming)(ming)為其(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)。若以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)左右聚(ju)居(ju)人為其(qi)(qi)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞應(ying)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)為“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞”也。《中(zhong)國文化百(bai)科》在(zai)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞》辭(ci)(ci)條中(zhong)認定“由(you)于(yu)(yu)人居(ju)住(zhu)在(zai)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)叫巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞”。那(nei)么秦漢(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)”又在(zai)何處？據考：古(gu)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”之(zhi)地(di)(di)應(ying)是(shi)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)漢(han)(han)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)縣(xian)轄(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)，前屬(shu)梁(liang)州(zhou)(zhou)（治(zhi)今(jin)(jin)陜西(xi)南鄭回軍(jun)壩天(tian)池梁(liang)），后(hou)屬(shu)益州(zhou)(zhou)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)郡（治(zhi)今(jin)(jin)閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)）直至民(min)(min)(min)(min)國時(shi)(shi)期(qi)，即今(jin)(jin)四(si)川巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)市(shi)所(suo)轄(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南江(jiang)(jiang)、通(tong)(tong)江(jiang)(jiang)、平(ping)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)。“在(zai)四(si)川東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部(bu)有(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩源(yuan)(yuan)，出(chu)自陜西(xi)南鄭、鎮(zhen)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)境(jing)(jing)內米(mi)(mi)倉山，南流(liu)(liu)至通(tong)(tong)江(jiang)(jiang)縣(xian)南會(hui)合，西(xi)南流(liu)(liu)至平(ping)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)注(zhu)(zhu)入(ru)(ru)渠江(jiang)(jiang)”（《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經注(zhu)(zhu)》）。《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)(zhi)·巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)源(yuan)(yuan)流(liu)(liu)圖》考：“州(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)三(san)派，其(qi)(qi)自蟒潭河(he)(he)(he)入(ru)(ru)者(zhe)北(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即古(gu)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也（今(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)河(he)(he)(he)，發源(yuan)(yuan)陜西(xi)南鄭，經米(mi)(mi)倉山、南江(jiang)(jiang)入(ru)(ru)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)）；……自通(tong)(tong)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)河(he)(he)(he)入(ru)(ru)者(zhe)，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也（今(jin)(jin)通(tong)(tong)江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)(he)，發源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)陜西(xi)南鄭、鎮(zhen)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)）。三(san)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)會(hui)于(yu)(yu)江(jiang)(jiang)口鎮(zhen)（今(jin)(jin)平(ping)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)縣(xian)城）合而為巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)，眾流(liu)(liu)皆附之(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)達于(yu)(yu)渠河(he)(he)(he)（古(gu)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)）”《漢(han)(han)志(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)“……而巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)自古(gu)并稱(cheng)，地(di)(di)必(bi)相(xiang)近(jin)（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)實(shi)(shi)為一(yi)山之(zhi)隔）……”《三(san)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)記(ji)》云(yun)：“閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)有(you)(you)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。南江(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)漢(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)屬(shu)閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)境(jing)(jing)內，此水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為民(min)(min)(min)(min)所(suo)居(ju)，故稱(cheng)‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)’、‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)’也”，這是(shi)史書(shu)上(shang)首(shou)次提及(ji)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”之(zhi)地(di)(di)。化成(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)（治(zhi)今(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)）北(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)名(ming)(ming)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)嶺水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，一(yi)名(ming)(ming)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)川水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，一(yi)名(ming)(ming)宕(dang)渠水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。自集州(zhou)(zhou)（今(jin)(jin)南江(jiang)(jiang)）難江(jiang)(jiang)（今(jin)(jin)南江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)(he)）界流(liu)(liu)入(ru)(ru)北(bei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即今(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)外之(zhi)正流(liu)(liu)。從(cong)前未(wei)有(you)(you)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)之(zhi)稱(cheng)，自《九(jiu)域(yu)志(zhi)(zhi)》始言化成(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)有(you)(you)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)江(jiang)(jiang)后(hou)，遂與(yu)南江(jiang)(jiang)派出(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)嶺者(zhe)當之(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)實(shi)(shi)則(ze)古(gu)之(zhi)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)(zhi)）。“渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，古(gu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)名(ming)(ming)，一(yi)名(ming)(ming)宕(dang)渠水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，即今(jin)(jin)四(si)川南江(jiang)(jiang)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)下游渠江(jiang)(jiang)，古(gu)有(you)(you)族聚(ju)居(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)濱善歌(ge)舞，漢(han)(han)‘巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞’即出(chu)于(yu)(yu)此……”（《辭(ci)(ci)海》地(di)(di)理分(fen)冊）。從(cong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)分(fen)析(xi)所(suo)知，“閬(lang)(lang)中(zhong)有(you)(you)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，人多居(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)左右……”是(shi)指(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)秦漢(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)郡所(suo)轄(xia)(xia)漢(han)(han)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)縣(xian)的(de)(de)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)《巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)國志(zhi)(zhi)》。明楊瞻《四(si)忠祠記(ji)》“正德辛未(wei)（正德六年(nian)，1512年(nian)）以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)來，鄢(yan)藍（鄢(yan)本恕、藍延瑞）倡(chang)亂(luan)、旗幟千里，三(san)省煸動，巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)死亡過半(ban)矣。”這里所(suo)指(zhi)(zhi)“巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)”，即今(jin)(jin)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)市(shi)（巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、南江(jiang)(jiang)、通(tong)(tong)江(jiang)(jiang)、平(ping)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)）、達州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)西(xi)北(bei)及(ji)南充市(shi)轄(xia)(xia)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)劍閣、梓潼(tong)等川東(dong)(dong)北(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)。這里再次提到巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)域(yu)之(zhi)名(ming)(ming)為巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)渝(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舞命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)，那(nei)是(shi)順其(qi)(qi)自然，俗以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為常。

4篇舞曲

一曰矛渝(yu)(yu)，二曰安弩，三曰安臺，四曰行(xing)辭。巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)的(de)基本形式(shi)是(shi)“執仗而舞(wu)(wu)”。“仗”，兵器，“執仗”即執干戈；伴(ban)奏則(ze)是(shi)擊(ji)鼓。班固(gu)《漢書》載：“巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)鼓員，三十六人(ren)”。他講的(de)是(shi)宮(gong)廷燕樂的(de)巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)，征伐戰場上的(de)巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)，有多少(shao)人(ren)戰斗(dou),就有多少(shao)人(ren)歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)：在(zai)陣前拼殺(sha)者(zhe)，執看挺(ting)戈，大(da)聲呼呵(he)，后(hou)面伴(ban)奏者(zhe)，則(ze)擊(ji)鼓頓足(zu)，以增威勢(shi)，這就是(shi)史書所為(wei)的(de)“前歌(ge)后(hou)舞(wu)(wu)”。司馬相如在(zai)《子虛賦》中(zhong)這樣描繪巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)的(de)壯觀(guan)場面：“千人(ren)唱，萬人(ren)和，山陵為(wei)之(zhi)震動，山谷為(wei)之(zhi)蕩波(bo)。”為(wei)了“耀武觀(guan)兵”，朝廷接(jie)待(dai)“四夷使者(zhe)”，便常(chang)常(chang)表演(yan)巴(ba)渝(yu)(yu)舞(wu)(wu)。

巴(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)閬中渝水土著巴(ba)族賨(cong)(cong)人所(suo)創造的(de)(de)(de)民(min)間舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)。賨(cong)(cong)人天性(xing)(xing)勁勇(yong)，俗(su)喜(xi)歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)。漢(han)高祖(zu)劉邦伐三(san)秦建大漢(han)時(shi)，被募為漢(han)軍前(qian)鋒。他們(men)那種(zhong)“巴(ba)師勇(yong)銳(rui)，歌舞(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)凌”的(de)(de)(de)氣勢和(he)戰斗力(li)，贏得了漢(han)高祖(zu)的(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)愛，并(bing)將宗(zong)人的(de)(de)(de)戰爭武舞(wu)(wu)(wu)取(qu)名(ming)(ming)為“巴(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”，引進宮廷，歷(li)(li)經魏(wei)、晉(jin)、南北朝，至唐(tang)代(dai)，雖曾數易其名(ming)(ming)，仍(reng)盛演不(bu)衰(shuai)。唐(tang)以(yi)后，“巴(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”在(zai)宮庭中銷聲匿跡(ji)，名(ming)(ming)不(bu)見經傳了。但在(zai)民(min)間仍(reng)在(zai)世代(dai)承傳，歷(li)(li)經演變(bian)，原(yuan)始(shi)的(de)(de)(de)武舞(wu)(wu)(wu)演變(bian)成祭(ji)祀(si)性(xing)(xing)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)和(he)慶典性(xing)(xing)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)(dao)。留傳至今的(de)(de)(de)“八仙鼓(gu)”（又名(ming)(ming)“巴(ba)象鼓(gu)”）即是(shi)歷(li)(li)經演變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)“巴(ba)渝舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)表現形(xing)式。“八仙鼓(gu)”為長柄雙面(mian)(mian)獸皮鼓(gu)，鼓(gu)面(mian)(mian)繪有八仙或圖(tu)騰(teng)圖(tu)案，直徑約30--40厘米，鼓(gu)柄約120厘米。八仙鼓(gu)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)多為10人以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)群舞(wu)(wu)(wu)，適宜廣場(chang)表演。表演時(shi)，沙鑼一(yi)道，鼓(gu)手隨后，一(yi)面(mian)(mian)擊鼓(gu)，一(yi)面(mian)(mian)吶喊(han)，不(bu)斷變(bian)換隊形(xing)，浩浩蕩蕩，威武雄壯。

1955年(nian)(nian)，閬中(zhong)組隊參(can)(can)加(jia)四川省第(di)二(er)屆民(min)間音樂舞(wu)蹈(dao)會(hui)演獲(huo)獎。1991年(nian)(nian)，閬中(zhong)市(shi)組織300人(ren)的(de)“八(ba)(ba)仙鼓(gu)”表(biao)演隊伍，參(can)(can)加(jia)南充(chong)第(di)二(er)屆絲綢(chou)節開(kai)幕式表(biao)演，引起(qi)轟動(dong)，獲(huo)得獎勵。2001年(nian)(nian)市(shi)群(qun)眾藝術館蒲公英少兒藝術團演出(chu)的(de)以(yi)八(ba)(ba)仙鼓(gu)舞(wu)為(wei)素材的(de)創(chuang)作舞(wu)蹈(dao)《巴鼓(gu)新韻(yun)》，參(can)(can)加(jia)四川省舞(wu)蹈(dao)大賽，獲(huo)得編導和表(biao)演兩個一等獎。為(wei)了(le)研究(jiu)“巴渝舞(wu)”，1997年(nian)(nian)青(qing)海人(ren)民(min)出(chu)版社出(chu)版發行了(le)由肖善生(sheng)撰寫的(de)《巴渝舞(wu)初探》。

演義片段-巴渝舞

在三國(guo)演(yan)義32集(ji)--周(zhou)瑜空設計中(zhong)，有一(yi)段(duan)周(zhou)瑜宴(yan)請劉(liu)備的戲，宴(yan)席中(zhong)有一(yi)段(duan)舞(wu)蹈，就是《巴渝(yu)舞(wu)》。

周瑜瞞(man)著(zhu)諸葛亮打(da)算在(zai)宴席(xi)中摔杯為號殺死劉備。此時(shi)諸葛亮在(zai)江邊聽(ting)到(dao)樂舞聲中透出一股殺氣，說：“這是巴(ba)渝(yu)舞。”問(wen)魯肅“帳(zhang)中宴請(qing)何人？”，聽(ting)到(dao)宴請(qing)的是劉備后(hou)不禁大驚失色驚呼：“我主危矣！”急忙跑去(qu)，當看到(dao)劉備身旁站立的關(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)時(shi)，松了口氣擦了擦汗說道(dao)：“我主無險矣。”周瑜因忌憚關(guan)(guan)羽(yu)(yu)，計劃最終沒有得逞。

民間流傳

“巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)”民(min)間稱(cheng)之為“渝(yu)兒舞(wu)”。此名在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)唐(tang)太宗大歷年間仍在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)漢昌(chang)境地廣為流(liu)傳(chuan)。梁州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)李(li)勉(mian)募中(zhong)任職的(de)唐(tang)代詩(shi)人韓(han)弘（河南沁陽縣人）在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)千山口所(suo)寫(xie)《送巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)楊(yang)使君》詩(shi)中(zhong)留下(xia)“萬里歌(ge)(ge)鐘(zhong)相慶時，巴(ba)(ba)童聲節渝(yu)兒舞(wu)”之詩(shi)句（《巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)志(zhi)·藝文(wen)上》）。詩(shi)中(zhong)“萬里歌(ge)(ge)鐘(zhong)”指遼闊(kuo)的(de)巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)（古(gu)稱(cheng)野巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)）人民(min)唱歌(ge)(ge)擊鑼鼓。“渝(yu)兒舞(wu)”即(ji)“巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)”。詩(shi)意為楊(yang)使君到巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)整飭防(fang)務取得成績后，巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)人民(min)定會(hui)載(zai)歌(ge)(ge)載(zai)舞(wu)為其慶賀。說明“巴(ba)(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)”在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)唐(tang)代時仍在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)巴(ba)(ba)州(zhou)(zhou)廣為流(liu)傳(chuan)。

《薅(hao)草(cao)鑼(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)》是(shi)流傳于(yu)大巴(ba)山南麓巴(ba)中市米(mi)倉山區的一(yi)種在薅(hao)包谷(gu)草(cao)時演唱(chang)的大型(xing)連(lian)套體(ti)山歌(ge)，所用(yong)鑼(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)伴奏源于(yu)“巴(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)”的伴奏樂器鑼(luo)和(he)(he)鼓(gu)(gu)，即古代的鼓(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)鉦(zheng)(zheng)（一(yi)種長柄鐘的軍樂）。此種民間文藝至今仍在“巴(ba)渝(yu)地區”流傳。《巴(ba)州(zhou)志·風俗篇(pian)》有“春田插秧(yang)，選歌(ge)郎(lang)二人(ren)擊鼓(gu)(gu)鳴鉦(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)隴上，曼聲而歌(ge)，更唱(chang)迭合，麗(li)麗(li)可聽，使耕者忘(wang)其疲，以齊功力”之記載，實為(wei)古代集體(ti)勞(lao)作時的“戰地歌(ge)舞(wu)”。其目的與(yu)古戰舞(wu)“巴(ba)渝(yu)舞(wu)”實為(wei)一(yi)致(zhi)。

巴渝舞(wu)是(shi)流傳(chuan)在重慶北部和(he)四川東(dong)北部土(tu)著人中之原始歌舞(wu)，按其命名(ming)來講，它的具體流傳(chuan)出處應是(shi)東(dong)漢(han)時漢(han)昌縣巴渝地區，即今巴中市兩千年前(qian)的地方歌舞(wu)。