魯(lu)明善(shan)(公元(yuan)1271~公元(yuan)1368),名鐵柱,維吾(wu)爾(er)族,元(yuan)代杰出的農學家。西域高昌(chang)(今(jin)新疆吐(tu)魯(lu)番東約二十余里的哈拉(la)和卓堡)人。
他(ta)編纂(zuan)刊印了《農(nong)(nong)(nong)桑衣食撮(cuo)要》又名《農(nong)(nong)(nong)桑撮(cuo)要》、《養民月(yue)(yue)(yue)宜》二(er)卷。約(yue)一萬五(wu)千余字,按“月(yue)(yue)(yue)令”體(ti)裁撰寫,列有農(nong)(nong)(nong)事二(er)百零八條。按月(yue)(yue)(yue)列舉(ju)應做之農(nong)(nong)(nong)事,包括農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物、栽(zai)培,家畜(chu)、家禽飼養,農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品的(de)加工、貯藏(zang)等。
父親迦魯納答思官(guan)至元(yuan)朝大司徒。曾任靖州路(lu)(治今湖南靖縣)、安(an)豐(feng)路(lu)(治今安(an)徽壽縣)達魯花赤。
延祜元年(1314),出任安(an)豐(feng)肅(su)政廉(lian)訪使(shi),兼勸農(nong)(nong)(nong)事。繼(ji)承和發展我國周秦(qin)以(yi)來的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)本(ben)思想,認為以(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)桑(sang)為本(ben),才能使(shi)百姓(xing)豐(feng)衣足食(shi),安(an)居樂業,知禮明義,任內,察視江淮地(di)區農(nong)(nong)(nong)情,研討諸農(nong)(nong)(nong)書(shu),編(bian)纂刊印了(le)《農(nong)(nong)(nong)桑(sang)衣食(shi)撮要(yao)》又(you)名《農(nong)(nong)(nong)桑(sang)撮要(yao)》、《養民月(yue)(yue)宜》二卷。約一萬五(wu)千余字(zi),按“月(yue)(yue)令”體裁撰(zhuan)寫(xie),列有農(nong)(nong)(nong)事二百零八條。按月(yue)(yue)列舉應做之農(nong)(nong)(nong)事,包括農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)、栽培,家(jia)畜、家(jia)禽飼養,農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品的(de)加工、貯藏(zang)等。全(quan)書(shu)文(wen)字(zi)通(tong)俗,簡明扼要(yao)。至順元年(1330),調(diao)任大(da)都(dou)(今北京)后(hou),此(ci)書(shu)再次(ci)刊印。對元代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生產的(de)恢(hui)復(fu)和發展,曾(ceng)起了(le)一定的(de)作用。
長期活(huo)動在淮河流域。他(ta)認為:“農(nong)(nong)桑是衣食之(zhi)本。務農(nong)(nong)桑,則(ze)衣食足;衣食足,則(ze)天下可久(jiu)安長治(zhi)。”他(ta)主張(zhang)作為地方(fang)官(guan),根本的是要做好“勸農(nong)(nong)”這件事(shi),使老百姓(xing)能安心從(cong)事(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產,在他(ta)擔任地方(fang)官(guan)的壽春郡(今安徽(hui)壽縣)社(she)會秩序比較安定。但他(ta)對此并不滿足。
公元1314年(nian),魯明(ming)善(shan)的《農(nong)(nong)桑(sang)衣食撮(cuo)要》刻印。這是(shi)他經(jing)過(guo)刻苦學(xue)習和實踐編寫成的一部通(tong)俗易(yi)懂(dong)(dong)的農(nong)(nong)業技術推廣資(zi)料。他從指導農(nong)(nong)民進行農(nong)(nong)業生產出發,大膽否定和剔(ti)除了以往農(nong)(nong)家月令(ling)書(shu)中不(bu)(bu)切實際的內容及糟粕。全(quan)書(shu)約一萬余字,包括農(nong)(nong)、林、牧、副、漁各個(ge)方面,包括208件(jian)農(nong)(nong)業事物,是(shi)一本(ben)農(nong)(nong)村小百科全(quan)書(shu),而(er)且(qie)語言通(tong)俗易(yi)解,農(nong)(nong)民但凡(fan)識字,一看(kan)就懂(dong)(dong),不(bu)(bu)識字的,聽別人一讀,也(ye)能立刻明(ming)白。
對于魯(lu)明(ming)善的(de)《農(nong)桑(sang)衣食撮要》一書,歷來的(de)評價都是很高的(de),明(ming)朝的(de)《永樂大典》和清(qing)朝的(de)《四庫全書》都收錄此(ci)書。后人將此(ci)書與官(guan)頒(ban)的(de)《農(nong)桑(sang)輯要》和王(wang)禎的(de)《農(nong)書》并列(lie)為元代三大農(nong)書。在明(ming)朝建立初,朱元璋下令全國頒(ban)行,官(guan)府出錢(qian),全國印(yin)發,就連(lian)上(shang)任官(guan)員也人手(shou)一冊(ce)。僅僅二(er)十年(nian),就讓(rang)明(ming)朝國力強盛,農(nong)事大增。