永濟市(shi)伍(wu)姓湖(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)自然保護(hu)區緊鄰山西(xi)省(sheng)西(xi)南端永濟市(shi)區。以伍(wu)姓湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)面為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin),西(xi)接(jie)市(shi)區東(dong)外環路(lu),東(dong)到涑水(shui)河(he)與姚暹渠(qu)交(jiao)叉(cha)入湖(hu)(hu)口,南臨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條山下運風(feng)旅(lv)游路(lu),北(bei)至運風(feng)高速(su)路(lu)以北(bei)約1.5公(gong)(gong)里處。東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)7.2公(gong)(gong)里,南北(bei)寬5.9公(gong)(gong)里。總控(kong)制面積38平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)核心(xin)水(shui)面11.3平(ping)方公(gong)(gong)里,是(shi)山西(xi)乃(nai)至華北(bei)半干旱地(di)區罕見的一座大型濕(shi)地(di)。保護(hu)區內有(you)多(duo)種(zhong)鳥類及野生(sheng)植物,是(shi)許多(duo)珍稀鳥類遷徙的棲息地(di)和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)轉站(zhan)。為(wei)有(you)效(xiao)的保護(hu)濕(shi)地(di)生(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)和(he)(he)野生(sheng)動植物,開(kai)發生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)游,永濟市(shi)人(ren)民政府于2010年9月批準成立了伍(wu)姓湖(hu)(hu)濕(shi)地(di)保護(hu)開(kai)發領導組,負(fu)責濕(shi)地(di)的保護(hu),科研科普,開(kai)發利(li)用(yong)等工作。
伍姓湖(hu)(hu)其(qi)實沒有(you)十分清晰的湖(hu)(hu)界,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多(duo)則湖(hu)(hu)面(mian)大(da),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)少(shao)則湖(hu)(hu)面(mian)小。1959年(nian)(nian)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)最(zui)(zui)高,湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)容(rong)積達4555.6萬立方(fang)(fang)米。據(ju)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)監測(ce),伍姓湖(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積一般在10平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里至20平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里,最(zui)(zui)大(da)時可達40平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里;水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)1米到3米,最(zui)(zui)大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)達到過4米(1956年(nian)(nian))。1946年(nian)(nian),連(lian)續干(gan)(gan)旱曾導致(zhi)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)(gan)涸。20世紀60年(nian)(nian)代,上游涑水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河、姚暹渠興(xing)建多(duo)座水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,70年(nian)(nian)代周邊地區大(da)面(mian)積開(kai)采(cai)地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),加之(zhi)氣候干(gan)(gan)旱少(shao)雨,致(zhi)伍姓湖(hu)(hu)長期干(gan)(gan)涸無(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),變成荒灘。后來尊村(cun)引(yin)黃泵站建成運行,實施(shi)大(da)面(mian)積灌溉,加之(zhi)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量的增多(duo),伍姓湖(hu)(hu)內復又蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),并利用(yong)其(qi)有(you)限的湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發展(zhan)起(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產漁業。
翻看歷史文獻(xian),一個煙波(bo)浩渺(miao)、風景如畫的(de)大湖(hu)(hu)(hu)迎面而來。明(ming)代襄垣人(ren)(ren)王子俊曾在伍姓(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)旁建起別墅(shu),并(bing)自(zi)記(ji)曰:“煙波(bo)渺(miao)彌(mi),沙(sha)鳥上(shang)下(xia),秋則(ze)蘆花吹雪(xue),夏則(ze)蓮葉披云(yun),把釣浮(fu)舟開窗待月,村樵漁子共話田(tian)園”描繪(hui)出當時(shi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)岸(an)四周(zhou)(zhou)山水依傍(bang)、耕(geng)讀漁樵的(de)美好(hao)生活。明(ming)版《永(yong)濟縣志·伍姓(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)》記(ji)載(zai):“湖(hu)(hu)(hu)旁昔多(duo)樓臺,居人(ren)(ren)環繞,每(mei)夏荷花盡(jin)發,燦若霞(xia)錦,雜以綠萍、紅蓼、漁人(ren)(ren)、罟師,水鳧鷺,疑乃間作,飛浴相翔,致為(wei)勝觀”也印證(zheng)了王子俊所記(ji)。公(gong)元1813年,清(qing)代蒲州知(zhi)府(fu)周(zhou)(zhou)景柱主(zhu)持對湖(hu)(hu)(hu)塘(tang)挑(tiao)挖疏浚,并(bing)作賦《伍姓(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)歌(ge)》:“湖(hu)(hu)(hu)波(bo)泮淼不知(zhi)遠(yuan),澄作汪汪千頃波(bo)。平開鏡面天上(shang)下(xia),靴紋屈織鋪琉璃……”這(zhe)位周(zhou)(zhou)知(zhi)府(fu)筆下(xia)的(de)伍姓(xing)湖(hu)(hu)(hu),儼然(ran)可與江南(nan)魚米之鄉洞庭、鄱陽(yang)媲美。