電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao),軟骨魚(yu)綱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)目魚(yu)類(lei)的(de)統稱(cheng)。最大(da)的(de)個(ge)(ge)體可(ke)以(yi)達到(dao)2米，很少在(zai)0.3米以(yi)下(xia)。背腹(fu)扁平，頭和胸部(bu)(bu)在(zai)一起。尾部(bu)(bu)呈粗(cu)棒狀(zhuang)，像(xiang)團扇。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)棲(qi)居在(zai)海底，一對小眼長在(zai)背側面(mian)(mian)(mian)前方(fang)的(de)中間。在(zai)頭胸部(bu)(bu)的(de)腹(fu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)兩(liang)側各(ge)有一個(ge)(ge)腎臟(zang)形蜂(feng)窩狀(zhuang)的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器。它們排(pai)列成(cheng)六(liu)角柱體，叫(jiao)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板”柱。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)身(shen)上共(gong)(gong)有2000個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板柱，有200萬(wan)塊“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板”。這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板之間充滿膠質(zhi)狀(zhuang)的(de)物質(zhi)，可(ke)以(yi)起絕緣(yuan)作用。每個(ge)(ge)“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板”的(de)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)分(fen)布有神經末(mo)梢，一面(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)負電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，另一面(mian)(mian)(mian)則(ze)為(wei)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)方(fang)向是(shi)從(cong)正(zheng)極流(liu)(liu)到(dao)負極，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)的(de)背面(mian)(mian)(mian)流(liu)(liu)到(dao)腹(fu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。在(zai)神經脈沖的(de)作用下(xia)，這兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器就(jiu)能(neng)把神經能(neng)變成(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，放出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來。亦稱(cheng)torpedofish、numbfish或crampfish。共(gong)(gong)有3科10屬38種，中國產2科5屬8種，常見的(de)如(ru)黑(hei)斑雙鰭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)（Narcine maculata、舌(she)形雙鰭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)（N.lingula）、日本單鰭電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)(Narka japonica)。
雙(shuang)鰭電鰩(yao)科：分布于太(tai)平洋(yang)、印度洋(yang)和大西洋(yang)西部(bu)各沿岸海區；中國產3種(zhong)，均只見于南海；
單(dan)鰭(qi)電(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)科：分布(bu)于印度-西太平洋。中國(guo)有(you)2屬(shu)(shu)2種：①單(dan)鰭(qi)電(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)屬(shu)(shu)，只(zhi)日(ri)本(ben)單(dan)鰭(qi)電(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)，分布(bu)于中國(guo)沿海(hai)，朝鮮和日(ri)本(ben)南部(bu)沿海(hai)；②堅皮單(dan)鰭(qi)電(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)屬(shu)(shu)，只(zhi)堅皮單(dan)鰭(qi)電(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)，分布(bu)于南海(hai)、東海(hai)南部(bu)及日(ri)本(ben)南部(bu)；
無鰭電鰩(yao)科：只1屬1種，分布于馬來半島、印(yin)度支(zhi)那南部沿岸。
眼(yan)小(xiao)而突出；噴水孔邊(bian)緣隆起；前鼻瓣寬大(da)(da)，伸達(da)下(xia)唇；皮膚柔軟(ruan)。背(bei)(bei)鰭(qi)一個(ge)。頭側與(yu)胸(xiong)鰭(qi)間有大(da)(da)型發(fa)電器(qi)(qi)。體(ti)(ti)盤亞(ya)圓形。腹鰭(qi)外角不突出，后緣平直(zhi)。尾具(ju)側褶。背(bei)(bei)部赤褐色，具(ju)少數不規則暗斑。鰓(sai)孔5個(ge)，狹小(xiao)，直(zhi)行排列。齒細(xi)小(xiao)而多。頭側與(yu)胸(xiong)鰭(qi)間具(ju)1對發(fa)達(da)的卵圓形發(fa)電器(qi)(qi)官，由肌(ji)肉組(zu)織變異而成，發(fa)電時的電壓一般在75-80v，最高(gao)可達(da)200v。體(ti)(ti)表(biao)柔軟(ruan)。尾鰭(qi)發(fa)達(da)，體(ti)(ti)長(chang)可達(da)1.5m，體(ti)(ti)重可達(da)6.1kg。口小(xiao)或(huo)中大(da)(da)，唇褶發(fa)達(da)。眼(yan)小(xiao)。
生境：近海(hai)底(di)棲魚類。
分布：沿海(hai)，但很少見(jian)到。但在黃(huang)海(hai)、渤海(hai)中常見(jian)。
電(dian)鰩(yao)長約750px～2m，體柔軟，皮膚(fu)光滑，頭(tou)與(yu)胸鰭形成圓或(huo)近于圓形的(de)(de)體盤(pan)(pan)。發電(dian)器一(yi)對，由(you)變態的(de)(de)肌肉(rou)組織構成，位于體盤(pan)(pan)內，頭(tou)部兩側能(neng)發電(dian)，用于防御和捕獲獵物(wu)，大型(xing)電(dian)鰩(yao)發出的(de)(de)電(dian)流足以擊倒成人。
體(ti)盤(pan)(pan) 橢圓(yuan)形(xing)，寬(kuan)稍小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)；尾寬(kuan)短(duan)，稍短(duan)于(yu)(yu)頭和軀干(gan)之長(chang)(chang)(chang)，比體(ti)盤(pan)(pan)為(wei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，側褶很(hen)低，幾消失。吻(wen)(wen)頗長(chang)(chang)(chang)，前(qian)(qian)(qian)端廣圓(yuan)；吻(wen)(wen)軟骨(gu)(gu)柔(rou)軟，細長(chang)(chang)(chang)，正中一(yi)(yi)條。眶前(qian)(qian)(qian)軟骨(gu)(gu)很(hen)發達，側位(wei)，分(fen)作多(duo)枝(zhi)，里側以韌帶(dai)連于(yu)(yu)吻(wen)(wen)軟骨(gu)(gu)基(ji)側。眼微小(xiao)，埋于(yu)(yu)皮下，位(wei)于(yu)(yu)噴水孔(kong)(kong)里側上角。噴水孔(kong)(kong)頗大，橢圓(yuan)形(xing)。邊緣(yuan)光滑，平(ping)(ping)坦或微突起。鼻(bi)孔(kong)(kong)小(xiao)；鼻(bi)口溝(gou)很(hen)短(duan)；前(qian)(qian)(qian)鼻(bi)瓣連合為(wei)一(yi)(yi)口蓋；后鼻(bi)瓣短(duan)小(xiao)，具(ju)一(yi)(yi)半(ban)環狀薄(bo)膜。口小(xiao)，平(ping)(ping)橫，口前(qian)(qian)(qian)具(ju)一(yi)(yi)深溝(gou)，能突出(chu)；口寬(kuan)約等(deng)于(yu)(yu)口前(qian)(qian)(qian)吻(wen)(wen)長(chang)(chang)(chang)2/5；唇軟厚(hou)而皺；上唇分(fen)兩(liang)側和中央三部；下唇寬(kuan)而連續。牙(ya)細小(xiao)而多(duo)，平(ping)(ping)扁(bian)，齒頭低平(ping)(ping)后突，上下頜各14~5縱行；齒面不(bu)外露(lu)。鰓孔(kong)(kong)很(hen)小(xiao)，直行排列。
胸部(bu)前(qian)(qian)延，到達(da)鼻囊前(qian)(qian)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的水平線，前(qian)(qian)端寬(kuan)廣地被軟(ruan)(ruan)吻軟(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)及(ji)眶前(qian)(qian)軟(ruan)(ruan)骨(gu)隔開；前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)連(lian)續，后(hou)(hou)部(bu)狹(xia)直(zhi)，無里緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和后(hou)(hou)角(jiao)。腹(fu)(fu)(fu)鰭(qi)前(qian)(qian)角(jiao)圓(yuan)鈍(dun)(dun)，顯(xian)著突出(chu)，后(hou)(hou)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)深凹，里緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)很短可(ke)消(xiao)失，后(hou)(hou)角(jiao)尖小。背(bei)鰭(qi)一(yi)個，頗小，起點在(zai)腹(fu)(fu)(fu)鰭(qi)基底(di)之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，前(qian)(qian)、后(hou)(hou)、里緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)分明，前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)角(jiao)圓(yuan)鈍(dun)(dun)，與(yu)尾基的距離稍短于背(bei)鰭(qi)基底(di)長。尾鰭(qi)頗寬(kuan)大，上葉比下(xia)葉大，后(hou)(hou)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)下(xia)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)斜圓(yuan)形。背(bei)面(mian)灰褐色或(huo)赤褐色，具不規則暗色斑塊。尾側(ce)白(bai)色。體(ti)側(ce)在(zai)胸、腹(fu)(fu)(fu)鰭(qi)之(zhi)間白(bai)色；腹(fu)(fu)(fu)面(mian)白(bai)色，體(ti)盤與(yu)腹(fu)(fu)(fu)鰭(qi)邊緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)白(bai)色；有(you)時胸、腹(fu)(fu)(fu)外側(ce)和尾之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)部(bu)褐色。
電(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)科(Torpedinidae)、單鰭電(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)科(Narkidae)、無(wu)鰭電(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)科(Temeridae)魚類(lei)的統稱，以能發(fa)電(dian)傷人而聞名。見于(yu)世界熱、溫帶水域(yu)。種類(lei)多，多棲(qi)於淺水，但深(shen)海電(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)屬(shu)(Benthobatis)等可生活(huo)(huo)於1,000公尺(3,300呎)以下的深(shen)水。活(huo)(huo)動緩慢(man)，底棲(qi)，以魚類(lei)及(ji)無(wu)脊椎動物(wu)為(wei)食。如不被觸及(ji)則對人無(wu)害，經濟價值微不足(zu)道。
長約30公分(fen)～2公尺(1～6呎)。體柔軟，皮(pi)膚光滑，頭(tou)與胸鰭形成圓或近于圓形的體盤(pan)。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器一(yi)對，由變(bian)態的肌肉組織構成，位於體盤(pan)內，頭(tou)部兩側，能發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)于防御和捕獲(huo)獵物，大型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)發(fa)出(chu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流足以擊(ji)倒成人。古希臘人及(ji)羅(luo)馬人用(yong)(yong)黑電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)(Torpedo nobiliana)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)擊(ji)治療痛(tong)風、頭(tou)痛(tong)等疾(ji)病。
軟骨魚(yu)綱(gang)電(dian)鰩目是板腮(sai)(sai)類魚(yu)的(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)目，此(ci)目的(de)(de)魚(yu)腮(sai)(sai)裂和(he)口都(dou)在(zai)腹位，有(you)(you)五個(ge)(ge)腮(sai)(sai)裂，身體(ti)(ti)平扁(bian)卵(luan)圓形，吻不突出，臀鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)消失，尾鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)很(hen)小，胸(xiong)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)寬大，胸(xiong)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)前(qian)緣和(he)體(ti)(ti)側(ce)相連接。在(zai)胸(xiong)鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)頭之間的(de)(de)身體(ti)(ti)每側(ce)有(you)(you)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)大的(de)(de)發電(dian)器官，能發電(dian)，以(yi)電(dian)擊(ji)敵人(ren)或獵(lie)(lie)物，卵(luan)胎(tai)生，分布在(zai)熱帶(dai)和(he)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)近海，半(ban)埋在(zai)泥沙中等待獵(lie)(lie)物，一(yi)般體(ti)(ti)形較小，沒有(you)(you)食用價值。根據背鰭(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)多少(shao)，分為三科：
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩最大的(de)(de)(de)個體(ti)可以(yi)達(da)到2米,很(hen)(hen)少(shao)在(zai)(zai)0.3米以(yi)下。背腹扁平,頭(tou)(tou)和(he)胸部(bu)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)起(qi)。尾部(bu)呈粗棒狀(zhuang)(zhuang),像團(tuan)扇。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩棲居在(zai)(zai)海底,一(yi)對小(xiao)眼(yan)長在(zai)(zai)背側(ce)面(mian)(mian)前方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)中間。在(zai)(zai)頭(tou)(tou)胸部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)腹面(mian)(mian)兩(liang)側(ce)各有(you)一(yi)個腎臟(zang)形蜂(feng)窩(wo)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。它們排列成(cheng)六(liu)角柱(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)，叫“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)(ban)”柱(zhu)(zhu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩身上共有(you)2000個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)(ban)柱(zhu)(zhu)，有(you)200萬塊“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)(ban)”。這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)(ban)之(zhi)間充滿膠質(zhi)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)，可以(yi)起(qi)絕(jue)緣作用(yong)。每個“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)(ban)”的(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)分布(bu)有(you)神(shen)經末(mo)梢，一(yi)面(mian)(mian)為負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，另一(yi)面(mian)(mian)則為正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)向(xiang)是(shi)從正極流到負(fu)極，也就(jiu)是(shi)從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩的(de)(de)(de)背面(mian)(mian)流到腹面(mian)(mian)。在(zai)(zai)神(shen)經脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下，這兩(liang)個放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)就(jiu)能(neng)把神(shen)經能(neng)變(bian)成(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，放出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來(lai)(lai)。單個“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)(ban)”產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)很(hen)(hen)微弱(ruo)，可是(shi)，由于(yu)數量很(hen)(hen)多，就(jiu)能(neng)發(fa)出很(hen)(hen)強的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)來(lai)(lai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩的(de)(de)(de)每一(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)板(ban)(ban)，只(zhi)是(shi)肌纖維的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)態。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)官(guan)是(shi)從某些鰓肌演(yan)變(bian)而(er)來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)(zai)演(yan)變(bian)發(fa)生(sheng)過程中解除了腮肌原來(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)職務(wu)，而(er)承擔了新的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)——發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
自我保護
發電器最(zui)主(zhu)要的樞紐，是器官(guan)的神經部(bu)分，電鰩(yao)能(neng)隨意放電，放電時間和強度，它完全(quan)能(neng)夠自(zi)己掌握(wo)。電鰩(yao)可以發電,并靠發出的電流擊斃水中(zhong)的小(xiao)魚、蝦(xia)及其他的小(xiao)動物,是一種(zhong)捕食和打擊敵害(hai)的手段。
世(shi)界上(shang)有(you)好多種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao),其發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力(li)各不相同。非洲電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)一(yi)次發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在220伏(fu)左右,中等(deng)(deng)大小的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)一(yi)次發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在70～80伏(fu),像較小的南美電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)一(yi)次只能(neng)發(fa)出37伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)會發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，人們叫它做活的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)、活電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)魚等(deng)(deng)。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩可以(yi)放(fang)出50安培的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達(da)60～80伏，有海中“活電(dian)(dian)(dian)站”之稱(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩每(mei)秒鐘能放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)50次，但(dan)連續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸減弱，10～15秒鐘后(hou)完全(quan)消(xiao)失，休息一(yi)會(hui)后(hou)又能重新恢復放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能力。
電鰩(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)放電特性(xing)啟發人們(men)發明和創造了(le)能(neng)貯存電的(de)(de)(de)電池。人們(men)日常生活(huo)中(zhong)所用的(de)(de)(de)干電池，在正負(fu)極(ji)間的(de)(de)(de)糊狀(zhuang)(zhuang)填充(chong)物(wu)，就是受電鰩(yao)(yao)發電器(qi)里的(de)(de)(de)膠(jiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)物(wu)啟發而改進的(de)(de)(de)。
早在(zai)古希(xi)臘和羅馬時代，醫生們常(chang)常(chang)把(ba)病人放(fang)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)身(shen)上，或(huo)者讓病人去碰一下正在(zai)池中放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)，利用電(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)來(lai)治(zhi)療風(feng)濕癥和癲狂癥等(deng)病。就是(shi)到(dao)了今天，在(zai)法國和意(yi)大利沿海，還可能看到(dao)一些患有風(feng)濕病的(de)(de)老年人，正在(zai)退潮后的(de)(de)海灘上尋找電(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)，當做自己的(de)(de)“醫生”呢(ni)。
放電原因
1989年，在法國科學城舉辦了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)饒有(you)趣(qu)味(wei)的(de)(de)“時鐘(zhong)”回顧(gu)展覽，一(yi)(yi)座用帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)魚(yu)放出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)來驅動(dong)的(de)(de)時鐘(zhong)，引(yin)起(qi)了(le)(le)人(ren)們極大的(de)(de)興趣(qu)。這種帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)魚(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)十分有(you)規(gui)律，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)方向(xiang)一(yi)(yi)分鐘(zhong)變(bian)換(huan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)，因而被人(ren)稱(cheng)為“天然報時鐘(zhong)”。常見的(de)(de)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)魚(yu)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻、電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩、電(dian)(dian)(dian)鯰(nian)等。其中電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩電(dian)(dian)(dian)力第二強(qiang)了(le)(le)。 它放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)可達300～500伏，足以把附近的(de)(de)魚(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)死，人(ren)和牲畜碰上，全身(shen)也會麻痹。據(ju)計算，1萬條(tiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)聚集(ji)在一(yi)(yi)起(qi)，足夠使1列(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力機車運(yun)行幾(ji)分鐘(zhong)。
放電原理
原來(lai)(lai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)是(shi)活的(de)(de)(de)“發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機”。它尾部兩側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)肌肉，是(shi)由有(you)(you)規則地排列著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)6000～10000枚肌肉薄片組成(cheng)，薄片之間有(you)(you)結(jie)締組織相隔，并(bing)有(you)(you)許多神經直通中(zhong)樞(shu)神經系統(tong)。每枚肌肉薄片像一(yi)(yi)個小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，只能(neng)產生150毫伏的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，但近萬(wan)個“小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池”串聯起(qi)來(lai)(lai)，就可以產生很高的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)尾部發出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，流(liu)向頭部的(de)(de)(de)感(gan)受器，因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)它身體(ti)周(zhou)圍(wei)形成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)(man)中(zhong)樞(shu)神經系統(tong)中(zhong)有(you)(you)專門的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)胞來(lai)(lai)監視電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)受器的(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)，并(bing)能(neng)根據監視分析的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果指揮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)(man)的(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)，決定采取捕食行為(wei)或避讓行為(wei)或其它行為(wei)。有(you)(you)人做過這(zhe)么一(yi)(yi)個實驗：在(zai)(zai)水(shui)池中(zhong)放(fang)置兩根垂直的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)線(xian)，放(fang)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)，并(bing)將水(shui)池放(fang)在(zai)(zai)黑暗的(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)里，結(jie)果發現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)(man)總(zong)在(zai)(zai)導(dao)線(xian)中(zhong)間穿梭(suo)，一(yi)(yi)點兒也不會碰(peng)導(dao)線(xian)；當(dang)導(dao)線(xian)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰩(yao)一(yi)(yi)下子就往后跑(pao)了(le)。這(zhe)說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)鰻(man)(man)是(shi)靠“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)”來(lai)(lai)判(pan)斷周(zhou)圍(wei)環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)。
電(dian)鰩放完體內(nei)蓄(xu)存的電(dian)能后，要經過一段時(shi)間的積聚(ju)，才能繼續放電(dian)。
世界上已知的(de)發電魚類達數十種呢(ni)，其他會放電的(de)魚類還(huan)有電鯰、電鰻等。
吸(xi)力超(chao)強電(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)這個新品種(zhong)是已(yi)知最大(da)(da)的(de)電(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)家(jia)(jia)(jia)族單鰭(qi)電(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)科的(de)成員，它之(zhi)所以能進入年度十大(da)(da)發(fa)現(xian)新物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)排(pai)名(ming)(ming)榜中，是因(yin)為(wei)它的(de)屬名(ming)(ming)非(fei)常與眾不(bu)同且很有趣。科學(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)拍(pai)攝的(de)電(dian)鰩(yao)(yao)覓食錄像中顯示，這種(zhong)魚(yu)可在(zai)水中像吸(xi)塵(chen)器(qi)一樣捕(bu)食獵(lie)物(wu)(wu)，或(huo)許(xu)能跟用來吸(xi)取地毯、家(jia)(jia)(jia)具和其他容易落灰塵(chen)的(de)現(xian)代家(jia)(jia)(jia)居用品表面的(de)雜物(wu)(wu)的(de)電(dian)動吸(xi)塵(chen)器(qi)相媲(pi)美。因(yin)此科學(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)按照伊萊克(ke)斯(electrolux)真(zhen)空吸(xi)塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)名(ming)(ming)字給它命(ming)名(ming)(ming)。
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