芒果视频

基本介紹

鐵線蟲（Gordiacea Von Stebold，1843）又(you)名發形蛇(she)（hair snake），亦(yi)稱毛細線蟲(hairworm)或(huo)戈爾迪烏(wu)斯線蟲(gordian worm)，土名為銅(tong)絲(si)蛇(she)或(huo)天絲(si)。

隸(li)屬于線(xian)(xian)形動物(wu)門，為鐵(tie)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)綱蠕蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)總稱。與醫學有(you)關的(de)(de)蟲(chong)(chong)種分屬于鐵(tie)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)目（Gordioidea）、鐵(tie)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)科(Gordiidae)、鐵(tie)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)屬（Gordius ）和(he)(he)索蟲(chong)(chong)科的(de)(de)Chordodes， Paragordius和(he)(he)Parachordodes屬等，250～300種。鐵(tie)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)體(ti)細(xi)長(chang)，馬鬃狀，長(chang)可(ke)達1米(mi)。成蟲(chong)(chong)在海水或淡水中自(zi)由生(sheng)活，幼蟲(chong)(chong)寄生(sheng)在節肢動物(wu)體(ti)內。國(guo)內分布于南北方各省(sheng)，國(guo)外廣泛分布于世界各地。可(ke)通過水源感染人體(ti)，引起鐵(tie)線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)病。在科研(yan)中，常作為動物(wu)學的(de)(de)實驗材料。

鐵線蟲(chong)(chong)見于熱帶(dai)和(he)溫帶(dai)，在(zai)水中營自由(you)生活，偶能感染人體，寄(ji)生于消化道內。成蟲(chong)(chong)呈線狀，雌(ci)雄異體，雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)在(zai)水邊產卵，以蚱(zha)蜢、蟑螂和(he)甲蟲(chong)(chong)等(deng)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)為中間宿主。

形態及特征

大型個體。體長為300-1000毫米(mi)，體型似細繩(sheng)狀。與線蟲(chong)的圓蟲(chong)類相似，但無背線、腹線與側(ce)線。前端鈍圓，體表角質堅硬，雄體末(mo)端分叉，呈倒 "V"字形(xing)，分叉部分的前腹面(mian)為泄(xie)殖孔。消化(hua)管幼蟲(chong)期(qi)存在，而(er)成蟲(chong)期(qi)則退化(hua)。雄體的精巢(chao)和雌體的卵巢(chao)數目(mu)多(duo)，成對(dui)排列于身體的兩側(ce)。生活時(shi)體呈深棕(zong)色。

生活習性

成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)棲息(xi)于河流、池(chi)塘及(ji)水(shui)溝內，雌體所產的卵在水(shui)內孵出(chu)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，被(bei)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)或人(ren)類吃進后(hou)，通過寄生生活。當這(zhe)種蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)被(bei)大(da)型(xing)節肢(zhi)動物如螳螂、蝗蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)等吞食后(hou)，幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)在這(zhe)些節肢(zhi)動物體內繼(ji)續發育，會(hui)逐漸控制(zhi)宿主(zhu)的行為，幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)成長為成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時，會(hui)控制(zhi)宿主(zhu)尋找水(shui)源淹(yan)死宿主(zhu)后(hou)從宿主(zhu)體內鉆出(chu)。

人類很(hen)容(rong)易在水(shui)池里和不(bu)干凈(jing)的(de)水(shui)里喝到(dao)這些鐵(tie)線(xian)蟲的(de)幼(you)蟲，喝下去(qu)后(hou)有一定幾(ji)率感染(ran)鐵(tie)線(xian)蟲病，這種病會使尿道感染(ran)發炎，所(suo)(suo)以池塘的(de)水(shui)和不(bu)干凈(jing)的(de)水(shui)不(bu)能隨(sui)便(bian)喝。幼(you)蟲在節肢(zhi)動(dong)物(wu)體內會誘(you)使寄生(sheng)體去(qu)尋找(zhao)水(shui)源(yuan)，所(suo)(suo)以水(shui)源(yuan)有節肢(zhi)動(dong)物(wu)尸體的(de)時候，不(bu)建議飲用。

價值及其他

鐵線蟲病

感染途徑

成蟲在(zai)水中獨(du)自生活，偶爾感染(ran)人體，引起鐵線蟲病（nematomorphiasis）。本病女性多于男(nan)性。

蟲(chong)體(ti)細長，圓(yuan)線形，似鐵絲，黑褐色；長約10~50cm，寬約1~3mm； 頭端(duan)鈍圓(yuan)，具有0.5~1mm長的淡黃色區；蟲(chong)體(ti)表面有許(xu)多小(xiao)乳突；雄蟲(chong)尾部卷曲(qu)，末端(duan)分叉(cha)；雌蟲(chong)尾短尖鈍。蟲(chong)體(ti)在體(ti)外非(fei)常活躍，常有自行打結的習性。

鐵(tie)線蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生活于(yu)沼(zhao)澤、池塘、溪流、溝渠等水(shui)(shui)體中(zhong)，雌(ci)雄交(jiao)配產卵，卵內幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵出(chu)進入昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（蚱蜢（locust）、蟋蟀(shuai)（Cricket）、蟑螂（Cockroach）、甲蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（Beetle）等）體內發(fa)(fa)育(yu)形成稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)入水(shui)(shui)，稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)離開宿主在水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)為(wei)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。人(ren)體消(xiao)化道(dao)感(gan)染(ran)鐵(tie)線蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是(shi)通過接(jie)觸或飲用含(han)有(you)稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)生水(shui)(shui)、昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、魚類(lei)和螺類(lei)或食物而(er)引(yin)起(qi)。尿(niao)路感(gan)染(ran)是(shi)由于(yu)人(ren)體會(hui)陰部接(jie)觸有(you)鐵(tie)線蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)稚(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)水(shui)(shui)體，經尿(niao)道(dao)侵入，上(shang)行至(zhi)膀胱內寄(ji)生。蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體侵入人(ren)體后(hou)可(ke)(ke)進一步發(fa)(fa)育(yu)至(zhi)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，并(bing)可(ke)(ke)存活數年。寄(ji)生泌尿(niao)道(dao)的(de)患者，以(yi)女性(xing)為(wei)多，均有(you)明顯的(de)泌尿(niao)道(dao)刺激癥(zheng)，如(ru)下腹部劇烈(lie)疼痛、尿(niao)頻、尿(niao)急、尿(niao)痛、血尿(niao)、放(fang)射性(xing)腰痛、會(hui)陰和陰道(dao)炎等，蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體排(pai)出(chu)后(hou)，癥(zheng)狀緩解。鐵(tie)線蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)寄(ji)生于(yu)消(xiao)化道(dao)所引(yin)起(qi)的(de)癥(zheng)狀一般不明顯，可(ke)(ke)有(you)消(xiao)化不良(liang)、腹痛、腹瀉等表現。亦見有(you)從眼(yan)眶腫(zhong)物或耳道(dao)檢出(chu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體的(de)報告。

診斷依據

診斷本病依據從(cong)尿(niao)中或(huo)糞便(bian)中檢獲蟲體。在臨床上若(ruo)遇到(dao)有(you)尿(niao)道刺激癥(zheng)狀，久(jiu)治(zhi)不(bu)愈、而又有(you)生飲或(huo)會陰部(bu)接觸過塘、溝水或(huo)潮濕草(cao)地的患者，應考慮作膀胱鏡檢。

鐵線蟲病(bing)(bing)盡管是一種(zhong)較為罕見的(de)(de)寄生蟲病(bing)(bing)，全世界只(zhi)有14個國家有病(bing)(bing)例報道。但各地因(yin)生產生活接(jie)觸自然水(shui)體的(de)(de)人群甚多，其實際感染人數(shu)可(ke)能(neng)遠比已報告的(de)(de)例數(shu)要多。

預防措施

防治本病的關鍵是(shi)不飲(yin)不潔(jie)之(zhi)水、不生(sheng)吃昆(kun)蟲、魚類和螺類等(deng)食物，下(xia)水時(shi)避免(mian)下(xia)體與不潔(jie)水體直接接觸。疑有感染者(zhe)可口服驅蟲藥促蟲排出，寄生(sheng)于組織內者(zhe)應手術(shu)取蟲。

遠離(li)鐵線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)疾病的(de)糾纏最好的(de)方法就是不(bu)要(yao)吃生的(de)食物(wu)，魚類，以(yi)及螺類食物(wu)，這些(xie)都是不(bu)太衛生的(de)食物(wu)。在飲食的(de)時(shi)候(hou)要(yao)注意看是否有(you)(you)與不(bu)干凈的(de)水體有(you)(you)關(guan)聯的(de)情況(kuang)。而且，從臨床方面數據也能夠看到，被鐵線(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)糾纏的(de)女性(xing)遠遠多(duo)于男性(xing)，所以(yi)希望廣大女性(xing)要(yao)重視起來。