生長環境
白(bai)星海(hai)芋會釋放出一種難聞(wen)的腐肉味(wei)道(dao)。這種氣味(wei)可以吸(xi)引(yin)雌性(xing)大(da)(da)蒼(cang)(cang)蠅為其傳(chuan)(chuan)粉。當大(da)(da)蒼(cang)(cang)蠅飛到(dao)它們(men)身上時,它們(men)就(jiu)用自(zi)己巨(ju)大(da)(da)的花(hua)朵(duo)將其捕獲并困(kun)于花(hua)朵(duo)之(zhi)中(zhong)一整夜。第二天,白(bai)星海(hai)芋才(cai)會張開花(hua)朵(duo),將粘滿花(hua)粉的大(da)(da)蒼(cang)(cang)蠅釋放。當大(da)(da)蒼(cang)(cang)蠅飛臨第二株(zhu)白(bai)星海(hai)芋花(hua)朵(duo)之(zhi)上時,傳(chuan)(chuan)粉任務就(jiu)完(wan)成了(le)。
分布范圍
原產于(yu)歐洲以及西亞地區。
多(duo)年生熱帶草(cao)本。莖粗厚(hou),短(duan)(duan)(duan)縮,大(da)(da)都為(wei)地下莖,稀上(shang)升或(huo)為(wei)直立(li)地上(shang)莖,密布葉(xie)柄痕。葉(xie)具長(chang)柄,下部(bu)多(duo)少(shao)具長(chang)鞘;葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)幼時(shi)通常盾(dun)狀,成年植(zhi)株的(de)多(duo)為(wei)箭(jian)狀心形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)緣(yuan)全(quan)緣(yuan)或(huo)淺波狀,有的(de)羽狀分(fen)裂(lie)幾達中(zhong)(zhong)肋(我國不(bu)(bu)產),后(hou)裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)三角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),常部(bu)分(fen)聯合(he);下部(bu)I級側脈(mo)(mo)(mo)向下彎,稀輻射狀,大(da)(da)都與(yu)后(hou)裂(lie)片(pian)(pian)基(ji)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)成直角或(huo)銳(rui)角,稀遠(yuan)離(li)而成鈍角;由中(zhong)(zhong)肋中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)伸(shen)出的(de)I級側脈(mo)(mo)(mo)多(duo)對,斜舉,集合(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)2-3,極接近(jin)葉(xie)緣(yuan),II、III級脈(mo)(mo)(mo)由I級側脈(mo)(mo)(mo)伸(shen)出,纖(xian)細,在(zai)I級側脈(mo)(mo)(mo)之間(jian)匯合(he)為(wei)細集合(he)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)。花(hua)序(xu)柄后(hou)葉(xie)抽出,常多(duo)數(shu)集成短(duan)(duan)(duan)縮的(de)、具苞片(pian)(pian)的(de)合(he)軸。佛焰苞管部(bu)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),席卷,宿存,果期(qi)(qi)逐漸不(bu)(bu)整齊(qi)地撕裂(lie);檐部(bu)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),通常舟狀,后(hou)期(qi)(qi)后(hou)翻,從(cong)管部(bu)上(shang)緣(yuan)脫落。肉穗花(hua)序(xu)短(duan)(duan)(duan)于佛焰苞,粗厚(hou),圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直立(li),雌花(hua)序(xu)短(duan)(duan)(duan),錐(zhui)(zhui)狀圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),不(bu)(bu)育(yu)雄花(hua)序(xu)(中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)花(hua)序(xu))通常明顯變狹;能育(yu)雄花(hua)序(xu)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);附屬器圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有不(bu)(bu)規則的(de)槽紋。花(hua)單性(xing),無花(hua)被。能育(yu)雄花(hua)為(wei)合(he)生雄蕊(rui)柱(zhu)(zhu),倒(dao)金(jin)字塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂部(bu)截(jie)(jie)平,近(jin)六角形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有雄蕊(rui)3-8,花(hua)藥(yao)線狀長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具藥(yao)隔,緊(jin)靠,通常延長(chang)幾達雄蕊(rui)基(ji)部(bu),裂(lie)縫短(duan)(duan)(duan),上(shang)部(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)粉(fen)粉(fen)末狀。不(bu)(bu)育(yu)雄花(hua)為(wei)合(he)生假(jia)雄蕊(rui),扁平,倒(dao)金(jin)字塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),頂部(bu)截(jie)(jie)平。雌花(hua)有心皮3-4,子(zi)(zi)房卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),花(hua)柱(zhu)(zhu)開始短(duan)(duan)(duan),后(hou)來不(bu)(bu)明顯,柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)扁頭(tou)狀,先端多(duo)少(shao)3-4裂(lie);1室,但有時(shi)最上(shang)端為(wei)3-4室;胚(pei)珠(zhu)少(shao)數(shu),直生,直立(li)、半倒(dao)生;珠(zhu)柄極短(duan)(duan)(duan),基(ji)底胎座。漿果大(da)(da)都紅色,橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),倒(dao)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)(zhui)狀橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)近(jin)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),冠以宿存柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou),1室,種子(zi)(zi)少(shao)數(shu)或(huo)單1;種子(zi)(zi)近(jin)球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直立(li),有不(bu)(bu)明顯的(de)種阜,表皮薄(bo),種皮厚(hou),光(guang)(guang)滑,內(nei)種皮薄(bo),光(guang)(guang)滑,珠(zhu)柄短(duan)(duan)(duan)。胚(pei)乳豐富。胚(pei)在(zai)種,子(zi)(zi)頂端彎向子(zi)(zi)房室頂。