紫(zi)丁香,中藥名。為木犀(xi)科植物紫(zi)丁香SyringaoblataLindl.的葉及(ji)樹皮。分布于東北(bei)、華(hua)北(bei)、西(xi)北(bei)以(yi)至西(xi)南達四川西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)。具有清熱,解毒,利濕,退黃之(zhi)功效。用于急性瀉痢(li),黃疸型肝(gan)炎,火(huo)眼,瘡(chuang)瘍。
生于山(shan)谷溪邊(bian)、山(shan)坡(po)叢(cong)林或灘(tan)地水邊(bian)。分(fen)布于東北(bei)、華北(bei)、西北(bei)以至西南四川西北(bei)部。
紫丁香(xiang)又名:華(hua)北紫丁香(xiang),紫丁白(bai)。灌(guan)木(mu)或(huo)小(xiao)喬(qiao)木(mu),高可達5米(mi)(mi)(mi);樹皮(pi)灰褐色(se)或(huo)灰色(se)。小(xiao)枝、花(hua)(hua)序軸(zhou)、花(hua)(hua)梗、苞片(pian)、花(hua)(hua)萼(e)、幼葉兩面(mian)以及葉柄均無毛而密被腺毛。小(xiao)枝較粗,疏生皮(pi)孔。葉片(pian)革質(zhi)或(huo)厚紙質(zhi),卵圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至腎形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),寬(kuan)(kuan)常大于長(chang)(chang),長(chang)(chang)2-14厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)2-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)短(duan)凸尖(jian)至長(chang)(chang)漸(jian)(jian)(jian)尖(jian)或(huo)銳(rui)尖(jian),基(ji)部心形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、截形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至近圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),或(huo)寬(kuan)(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)面(mian)深綠(lv)色(se),下面(mian)淡綠(lv)色(se);萌枝上(shang)葉片(pian)常呈(cheng)長(chang)(chang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)漸(jian)(jian)(jian)尖(jian),基(ji)部截形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至寬(kuan)(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);葉柄長(chang)(chang)1-3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐(zhui)花(hua)(hua)序直立,由側芽抽(chou)生,近球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)4-16(-20)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)3-7(-10)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)0.5-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)萼(e)長(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),萼(e)齒漸(jian)(jian)(jian)尖(jian)、銳(rui)尖(jian)或(huo)鈍;花(hua)(hua)冠紫色(se),長(chang)(chang)1.1-2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)冠管圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)0.8-1.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),裂片(pian)呈(cheng)直角開展,卵圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒卵圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)3-6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)3-5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)內彎略呈(cheng)兜(dou)狀或(huo)不內彎;花(hua)(hua)藥黃色(se),位于距花(hua)(hua)冠管喉部0-4毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)處。果倒卵狀橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至長(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)1-1.5(-2)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)4-8毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)長(chang)(chang)漸(jian)(jian)(jian)尖(jian),光滑。花(hua)(hua)期4-5月,果期6-10月。
1、對心血(xue)管作(zuo)用。隨著血(xue)藥濃度(du)的增加,心率(lv)逐(zhu)漸(jian)減慢(man),放室傳(chuan)導阻(zu)斷,甚(shen)至形成室性自搏擊性節律,血(xue)壓逐(zhu)漸(jian)下降,最后發生傳(chuan)導阻(zu)滯,心跳,呼(hu)吸(xi)停止。
2、抗(kang)驚厥作(zuo)用。
3、抗菌作用。
4、其他作用(yong),具有鎮咳作用(yong),利(li)膽作用(yong)。
功效
清熱,解(jie)毒(du),利濕(shi),退黃。
主治
用于急(ji)性瀉痢,黃疸型肝(gan)炎,火眼(yan),瘡瘍。