紫丁(ding)香,中藥名。為(wei)木(mu)犀科植(zhi)物紫丁(ding)香SyringaoblataLindl.的(de)葉及(ji)樹皮。分布于東北(bei)、華北(bei)、西北(bei)以至西南達四川(chuan)西北(bei)部(bu)。具有清熱,解毒,利濕(shi),退黃(huang)之功效。用于急性瀉痢,黃(huang)疸型(xing)肝(gan)炎,火眼,瘡瘍。
生于山谷溪邊、山坡(po)叢(cong)林或灘地水邊。分布于東北、華(hua)北、西北以至(zhi)西南四川西北部。
紫(zi)(zi)丁香又名(ming):華(hua)北紫(zi)(zi)丁香,紫(zi)(zi)丁白。灌木或(huo)小(xiao)喬木,高可達5米(mi)(mi);樹皮(pi)灰褐(he)色或(huo)灰色。小(xiao)枝(zhi)、花(hua)(hua)序軸(zhou)、花(hua)(hua)梗、苞片、花(hua)(hua)萼、幼葉兩面以(yi)及葉柄均無毛(mao)而密被腺毛(mao)。小(xiao)枝(zhi)較粗(cu),疏生皮(pi)孔。葉片革質或(huo)厚紙(zhi)質,卵(luan)(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腎(shen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),寬(kuan)(kuan)常大于長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-14厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)2-15厘(li)米(mi)(mi),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)短凸尖(jian)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)漸(jian)尖(jian)或(huo)銳尖(jian),基(ji)部(bu)心形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、截形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)近圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),或(huo)寬(kuan)(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上面深(shen)綠(lv)色,下面淡(dan)綠(lv)色;萌枝(zhi)上葉片常呈長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)漸(jian)尖(jian),基(ji)部(bu)截形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寬(kuan)(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);葉柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。圓(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)序直(zhi)立(li),由側芽(ya)抽生,近球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-16(-20)厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)3-7(-10)厘(li)米(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)萼長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),萼齒漸(jian)尖(jian)、銳尖(jian)或(huo)鈍(dun);花(hua)(hua)冠紫(zi)(zi)色,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.1-2厘(li)米(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)冠管(guan)圓(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.8-1.7厘(li)米(mi)(mi),裂片呈直(zhi)角開(kai)展(zhan),卵(luan)(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)3-5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)內(nei)(nei)彎略呈兜狀或(huo)不內(nei)(nei)彎;花(hua)(hua)藥黃色,位于距花(hua)(hua)冠管(guan)喉部(bu)0-4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)處(chu)。果倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)狀橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、卵(luan)(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-1.5(-2)厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)4-8毫(hao)米(mi)(mi),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)(duan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)漸(jian)尖(jian),光滑。花(hua)(hua)期4-5月(yue)(yue),果期6-10月(yue)(yue)。
1、對心(xin)血管作(zuo)用。隨著(zhu)血藥濃度的(de)增加(jia),心(xin)率(lv)逐漸減(jian)慢(man),放(fang)室傳導阻(zu)斷,甚至(zhi)形(xing)成室性自搏擊性節(jie)律,血壓逐漸下降(jiang),最后發(fa)生傳導阻(zu)滯,心(xin)跳,呼吸停止。
2、抗(kang)驚厥作(zuo)用。
3、抗菌作用。
4、其他作用(yong),具有(you)鎮咳(ke)作用(yong),利膽(dan)作用(yong)。
功效
清熱,解毒(du),利(li)濕,退黃。
主治
用于(yu)急性瀉痢(li),黃疸型肝炎,火眼,瘡瘍。