花葉開唇蘭:生于闊葉林下陰濕處。分布于西南及浙江(jiang)、福建、廣東、海南、廣西等地。
金(jin)線蘭:生于海(hai)拔200-1400m的(de)常綠闊葉林(lin)或(huo)竹(zhu)林(lin)下枯(ku)枝落葉陰(yin)濕處。分(fen)布于福建、臺灣等地。
花(hua)(hua)葉(xie)開唇蘭:陸生(sheng)植物(wu),高10-18cm。根莖(jing)匍匐,伸長(chang)。葉(xie)互生(sheng),莖(jing)下部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)2-4葉(xie);葉(xie)柄長(chang)4-10mm,基部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擴展抱莖(jing);基部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)呈鞘(qiao)狀(zhuang);葉(xie)片(pian)卵狀(zhuang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)1.5-3.5cm,寬1-3cm,先端(duan)急尖,基部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),上面黑紫色(se)(se)有金(jin)黃色(se)(se)脈(mo)網,下面帶淡紫紅色(se)(se),弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)脈(mo)5-7條(tiao)。總狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序,疏生(sheng)2-6朵花(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)序軸被柔毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)苞片(pian)卵狀(zhuang)披針形(xing)(xing),淡紫色(se)(se),長(chang)6-8mm,約(yue)為(wei)子房長(chang)的(de)2/3,先端(duan)尾(wei)尖;花(hua)(hua)淡紫色(se)(se),外面被短柔毛(mao);中萼(e)片(pian)卵形(xing)(xing),向內凹陷(xian),長(chang)6mm,先端(duan)鈍;側萼(e)片(pian)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),稍(shao)偏斜,較長(chang)而稍(shao)狹,先端(duan)稍(shao)尖,花(hua)(hua)瓣近鐮(lian)刀形(xing)(xing),短于萼(e)片(pian)并和(he)中萼(e)片(pian)靠合成兜;唇瓣2裂,呈“丫”字形(xing)(xing),裂片(pian)舌狀(zhuang)條(tiao)形(xing)(xing),先端(duan)鈍,長(chang)約(yue)6mm,寬1.5mm,爪長(chang)5mm,兩側各具(ju)(ju)6條(tiao)流蘇狀(zhuang)細(xi)條(tiao),基部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)(ju)距(ju),距(ju)長(chang)6-7mm,末端(duan)指向唇瓣,中部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)有胼胝體。花(hua)(hua)期(qi)9-10月(yue)。
金(jin)(jin)線(xian)蘭(lan):陸生(sheng)植物(wu),高4-10cm。根莖匍匐,長(chang)(chang)(chang)達4-5cm。葉(xie)互生(sheng),具(ju)(ju)柄,基部擴(kuo)展抱莖;葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)卵形(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)2-5cm,寬1-3cm,先(xian)端(duan)急(ji)尖(jian),基部圓形(xing),上(shang)面(mian)(mian)有(you)細小鱗(lin)片(pian)(pian)狀脈(mo)網,有(you)光澤,下面(mian)(mian)暗紅(hong)色。弧形(xing)脈(mo)5-7條,幼葉(xie)葉(xie)脈(mo)為金(jin)(jin)黃(huang)色,老葉(xie)葉(xie)脈(mo)呈橙紅(hong)色。總狀花(hua)(hua)序,具(ju)(ju)2-3朵花(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)苞片(pian)(pian)卵狀披(pi)針形(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1cm;花(hua)(hua)淡紅(hong)色,中(zhong)萼片(pian)(pian)圓形(xing),先(xian)端(duan)急(ji)尖(jian),外面(mian)(mian)被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)硬(ying)毛,內面(mian)(mian)無毛,極凹,與花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)粘合成盔(kui),長(chang)(chang)(chang)7mm;側萼片(pian)(pian)卵狀長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing),極偏斜(xie),長(chang)(chang)(chang)8mm,先(xian)端(duan)急(ji)尖(jian),外面(mian)(mian)被(bei)長(chang)(chang)(chang)硬(ying)毛,內面(mian)(mian)無毛;花(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)半(ban)卵圓形(xing),極偏斜(xie),長(chang)(chang)(chang)9mm,先(xian)端(duan)急(ji)尖(jian);唇瓣(ban)深2裂,呈“丫”字形(xing),裂片(pian)(pian)狹(xia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing),先(xian)端(duan)鈍,長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)5mm,寬0.3mm,爪長(chang)(chang)(chang)5-6mm,兩側具(ju)(ju)流蘇狀細條,距長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)4mm,基部前方(fang)生(sheng)有(you)2個胼胝體。花(hua)(hua)期(qi)8-9月,果期(qi)9-10月。
藥理研(yan)究顯(xian)示有保肝、抗炎,鎮痛和(he)鎮靜等作用(yong)。
現代研究
現代臨床用于治療肺結核咯血,糖尿(niao)病,支氣管擴張咯血,風濕病,類風濕病和泌尿(niao)道(dao)結石等(deng)。
入肺、肝、腎、膀胱四經。
清熱涼(liang)血,除濕解(jie)毒。
肺熱咳嗽,肺結核咯血(xue),尿血(xue),小(xiao)兒驚風,破傷(shang)(shang)(shang)風,腎炎水(shui)腫(zhong),風濕痹痛,跌(die)打損傷(shang)(shang)(shang),毒蛇(she)咬傷(shang)(shang)(shang)。
1.治(zhi)風濕(shi)及(ji)類(lei)風濕(shi)性關節炎(yan):金線蘭30g,同(tong)豬肉(切勿帶骨)120g燉熟(shu),沖入黃酒適量。每(mei)日(ri)服1-2次。分2d服完。(《全國中草藥(yao)匯編》)
2.治小兒急驚風:金線蓮3-9g,八角蓮3g。水(shui)煎(jian)服。(《福建藥物(wu)志(zhi)》)
內服:煎湯,9-15g。外(wai)用:適量,鮮品搗敷(fu)。