產廣(guang)(guang)東、海南、廣(guang)(guang)西(xi)、福(fu)建。喜生于低海拔的山地、丘陵(ling)以及(ji)路(lu)邊陽處疏林中。
喬木,高(gao)5-15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),樹皮暗灰色(se)(se),幾(ji)平(ping)滑,纖維堅(jian)韌(ren);小(xiao)枝圓(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)(ju)縐(zhou)紋,幼時被(bei)(bei)疏(shu)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao),后(hou)逐漸脫落,無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)或(huo)近無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)。葉革質,圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),有時近倒卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-9厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2.8-6厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先端(duan)銳(rui)尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)急尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而具(ju)(ju)短(duan)(duan)尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)頭(tou),基(ji)部(bu)寬(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)面(mian)暗綠(lv)色(se)(se)或(huo)紫綠(lv)色(se)(se),光(guang)亮,下面(mian)淡綠(lv)色(se)(se),兩面(mian)均(jun)(jun)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao),側脈每(mei)邊15-20,在下面(mian)更(geng)明顯,小(xiao)脈纖細,近平(ping)行,不明顯,邊緣有時被(bei)(bei)稀疏(shu)的柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao);葉柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)5-7毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)芳(fang)香,黃綠(lv)色(se)(se),多朵,組(zu)成(cheng)傘形(xing)(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序;花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密被(bei)(bei)黃灰色(se)(se)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao);萼筒(tong)淺鐘狀,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),兩面(mian)均(jun)(jun)密被(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao),5裂,裂片(pian)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),先端(duan)圓(yuan)鈍或(huo)急尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),兩面(mian)被(bei)(bei)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣10,鱗片(pian)狀,著(zhu)生(sheng)于花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼筒(tong)喉部(bu),密被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)(mao);雄(xiong)蕊10,排成(cheng)1輪,花(hua)(hua)(hua)絲長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)1毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);子(zi)房卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),密被(bei)(bei)灰白色(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao),2室,每(mei)室1胚(pei)珠,花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)(zhu)極短(duan)(duan)或(huo)無(wu),柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)頭(tou)狀。蒴果果梗短(duan)(duan),卵(luan)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),幼時綠(lv)色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2-3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑(jing)約(yue)(yue)2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),頂端(duan)具(ju)(ju)短(duan)(duan)尖(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)頭(tou),基(ji)部(bu)漸狹,密被(bei)(bei)黃色(se)(se)短(duan)(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao),2瓣裂,2室,每(mei)室具(ju)(ju)有1種子(zi),種子(zi)褐色(se)(se),卵(luan)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)1厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)5.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),疏(shu)被(bei)(bei)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao),基(ji)部(bu)具(ju)(ju)有附屬(shu)體,附屬(shu)體長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)端(duan)寬(kuan)扁,寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)4毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),下端(duan)成(cheng)柄(bing)狀。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)春夏(xia),果期(qi)夏(xia)秋。
含有樹脂(zhi)的木材。
味辛、苦(ku),性微溫。
歸脾、胃、腎經。
行氣止(zhi)痛,溫中止(zhi)嘔,納氣平(ping)喘。
用(yong)于胸腹脹悶疼痛,胃(wei)寒嘔吐呃(e)逆(ni),腎虛氣逆(ni)喘急(ji)。
l~5g,后下(xia)。
1、治陰(yin)虛腎氣不歸原:沉(chen)香磨汁數(shu)分,以麥(mai)門(men)冬、懷熟地各(ge)三錢(qian),茯苓、山藥、山茱萸肉(rou)各(ge)二錢(qian),牡丹皮、澤(ze)瀉、廣陳(chen)皮各(ge)一錢(qian)。水煎(jian),和沉(chen)香汁服(fu)。(《本草匯言》)
2、治(zhi)脾腎(shen)久虛,水(shui)飲停積,上(shang)乘肺經(jing),咳嗽短氣,腹脅脹,小便不利:沉香一錢,烏藥三錢,茯苓(ling)、陳皮、澤(ze)瀉(xie)、香附子各半兩,麝香半錢。上(shang)為細(xi)末,煉蜜和丸如梧子大(da)。每服二(er)、三十(shi)丸,熟水(shui)下(xia)。(《雞峰普濟(ji)方》沉香丸)