由于原產地地理分布的(de)差異,在原產中國(guo)的(de)松(song)(song)樹中,樟子(zi)松(song)(song)、新疆五(wu)針松(song)(song)、偃松(song)(song)最耐(nai)寒,對(dui)(dui)熱量(liang)要求(qiu)(qiu)最低。紅松(song)(song)對(dui)(dui)熱量(liang)要求(qiu)(qiu)也較(jiao)低。赤松(song)(song)、油松(song)(song)、白(bai)皮松(song)(song)、華山(shan)松(song)(song)、高山(shan)松(song)(song)、黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)、巴山(shan)松(song)(song)為(wei)暖溫(wen)帶(dai)和(he)亞熱帶(dai)高海拔地區(qu)樹種(zhong),對(dui)(dui)熱量(liang)要求(qiu)(qiu)中等(deng)。馬尾松(song)(song)、云南松(song)(song)、喬(qiao)松(song)(song)和(he)思茅松(song)(song)分布于更靠南的(de)地區(qu),要求(qiu)(qiu)較(jiao)高的(de)熱量(liang)。
南(nan)亞松(song)(song)(song)是(shi)熱帶松(song)(song)(song)樹,對(dui)熱量的要(yao)求(qiu)最高(gao)。對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)條(tiao)件的要(yao)求(qiu),五(wu)針松(song)(song)(song)一般(ban)高(gao)于(yu)二針松(song)(song)(song),但也因種而異。例如同(tong)為(wei)五(wu)針松(song)(song)(song)的紅松(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)華山松(song)(song)(song),前者比后者要(yao)求(qiu)更濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)的條(tiao)件;同(tong)為(wei)二針松(song)(song)(song)的赤松(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)馬(ma)尾松(song)(song)(song)對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)狀況的要(yao)求(qiu)高(gao)于(yu)油松(song)(song)(song)和(he)(he)云南(nan)松(song)(song)(song)。這與地理分布上隨經度而發生的替代現(xian)象有關。
土壤要求
松(song)(song)(song)樹本身適應(ying)力(li)較強,因而能(neng)夠(gou)在各種類型土壤(rang)中生長(chang),但土壤(rang)仍會對松(song)(song)(song)樹生長(chang)的(de)(de)態勢產生直接的(de)(de)影響,所以應(ying)盡量選(xuan)擇(ze)肥(fei)沃土壤(rang)區域種植(zhi),才能(neng)夠(gou)保(bao)證松(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)(de)健(jian)康生長(chang)。如(ru)果是水分相對充足的(de)(de)區域,盡可能(neng)選(xuan)擇(ze)酸性(xing)土壤(rang)種植(zhi)松(song)(song)(song)樹,但仍存在部(bu)分品種更適宜種植(zhi)在堿性(xing)土壤(rang)中。
耐陰性
絕(jue)大多(duo)數(shu)松樹(shu)(shu)喜(xi)歡光照,其(qi)(qi)外形具體表現(xian)在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)分布(bu)稀疏(shu),自然整枝能(neng)力極強,所以在(zai)生理(li)方面,其(qi)(qi)補(bu)償點就(jiu)(jiu)不會與(yu)其(qi)(qi)他樹(shu)(shu)種高度(du)相同。在(zai)成林(lin)過程(cheng)當(dang)中,通常都會形成先鋒(feng)(feng)樹(shu)(shu)種。一旦(dan)原(yuan)(yuan)始森(sen)林(lin)受到(dao)外力傷害,先鋒(feng)(feng)樹(shu)(shu)種就(jiu)(jiu)會迅速(su)發展(zhan),替(ti)(ti)代原(yuan)(yuan)有樹(shu)(shu)種位置(zhi),但其(qi)(qi)自身的穩(wen)定性并不理(li)想。若松樹(shu)(shu)能(neng)夠形成特定環境,耐(nai)陰(yin)性較強且長壽的樹(shu)(shu)種就(jiu)(jiu)會替(ti)(ti)代,最終使其(qi)(qi)喪失自身獨特優勢(shi)(shi)。對于松樹(shu)(shu)樹(shu)(shu)種而言(yan),大部(bu)分樹(shu)(shu)種都能(neng)夠互(hu)相進行替(ti)(ti)代,特別是耐(nai)陰(yin)性理(li)想的樹(shu)(shu)種,優勢(shi)(shi)顯(xian)著(zhu)。
抗旱性
在(zai)(zai)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)整個過(guo)程中(zhong),其抗(kang)旱(han)(han)性能(neng)極強(qiang)(qiang),受其抗(kang)旱(han)(han)結構的(de)影響(xiang),這(zhe)種(zhong)類(lei)型的(de)松(song)樹(shu)(shu),其葉子狹窄而(er)且角質層(ceng)較為發達,葉片(pian)表面積與(yu)體積都相(xiang)(xiang)對較小(xiao),而(er)且氣(qi)孔通常都會(hui)(hui)出(chu)現(xian)下陷(xian)情(qing)況。但是,在(zai)(zai)組織發育方面相(xiang)(xiang)對理想,站(zhan)在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理角度分析(xi),耐(nai)寒性與(yu)耐(nai)旱(han)(han)性很強(qiang)(qiang),所(suo)以(yi)并不會(hui)(hui)受到缺水影響(xiang)而(er)受到損傷。而(er)站(zhan)在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)角度分析(xi),松(song)樹(shu)(shu)屬于最常見的(de)一種(zhong)旱(han)(han)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)植(zhi)物,,即便氣(qi)候(hou)條件(jian)差異較大(da)的(de)區(qu)域,同(tong)樣能(neng)夠使松(song)樹(shu)(shu)健康(kang)地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存”。絕大(da)多數松(song)樹(shu)(shu)都在(zai)(zai)干旱(han)(han)條件(jian)且土壤稀薄(bo)區(qu)域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長,其中(zhong),二針(zhen)松(song)與(yu)五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)相(xiang)(xiang)比,其抗(kang)旱(han)(han)能(neng)力更強(qiang)(qiang)。由此可見,若土壤當(dang)中(zhong)的(de)含水量(liang)過(guo)大(da),會(hui)(hui)嚴重影響(xiang)松(song)樹(shu)(shu)的(de)正常生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長。
生長氣候
松(song)(song)(song)樹的(de)原產地(di)分布具有顯(xian)著的(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)之處,一般情況下,樟子松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)等(deng)具有極(ji)強的(de)耐寒性,所以在(zai)(zai)種(zhong)植方面(mian)對于(yu)熱量要(yao)求并不(bu)(bu)高(gao)。而(er)油松(song)(song)(song)、白皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)等(deng)屬于(yu)暖溫帶與(yu)亞熱帶高(gao)海拔(ba)區(qu)域所特(te)有的(de)樹種(zhong),因而(er)對于(yu)熱量的(de)要(yao)求要(yao)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)高(gao)于(yu)五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)。馬尾(wei)松(song)(song)(song)、喬松(song)(song)(song)以及云南(nan)(nan)松(song)(song)(song)等(deng)主要(yao)分布于(yu)南(nan)(nan)方區(qu)域,其對于(yu)熱量要(yao)求會更高(gao)-一些。而(er)南(nan)(nan)亞松(song)(song)(song)在(zai)(zai)所有的(de)松(song)(song)(song)樹樹種(zhong)當中(zhong),其對于(yu)熱量要(yao)求最高(gao)。在(zai)(zai)濕(shi)潤條(tiao)件(jian)方面(mian),五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)和二(er)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)相比,在(zai)(zai)濕(shi)度(du)方面(mian)的(de)要(yao)求更高(gao),但同(tong)樣與(yu)樹種(zhong)存在(zai)(zai)緊密(mi)的(de)聯(lian)系(xi)。雖然(ran)華(hua)山松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)紅松(song)(song)(song)都是(shi)五(wu)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)的(de)樹種(zhong),但濕(shi)度(du)要(yao)求卻存在(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)之處,紅松(song)(song)(song)所需濕(shi)度(du)更高(gao)。另外,五(wu)尾(wei)松(song)(song)(song)與(yu)赤松(song)(song)(song)都是(shi)二(er)針(zhen)松(song)(song)(song),在(zai)(zai)濕(shi)潤條(tiao)件(jian)方面(mian)的(de)需求仍然(ran)不(bu)(bu)同(tong),與(yu)植物分布的(de)地(di)理位置也存在(zai)(zai)一定的(de)關聯(lian)。
松樹較幼時的樹冠呈金字塔形(xing)(xing),樹枝多(duo)呈輪狀(zhuang)著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。幼苗(miao)出(chu)(chu)土、子葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)展開(kai)以后(hou),首(shou)先著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的為(wei)初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),單生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),螺旋狀(zhuang)排(pai)列,線狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)(zhen)形(xing)(xing),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)緣具齒。初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)行使(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的功(gong)能(neng)1~3年后(hou),才出(chu)(chu)現針(zhen)(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),通(tong)常(chang)2、3、5枚(mei)成束,著(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于短枝的頂端。每束針(zhen)(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)基部有葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘,早期脫落或宿(su)存(cun)。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)肉(rou)組織中的樹脂道的位(wei)置在成年植株比較恒(heng)定,可分為(wei)外生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、內(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)3種類型。
松樹針葉橫切面中可見1或(huo)2個維管束(shu),特殊(shu)環境(jing)下可在雙維管束(shu)松樹中出現維管束(shu)合(he)并的(de)情況(kuang)。球(qiu)(qiu)花(hua)單性,雌雄(xiong)同株。球(qiu)(qiu)果多數由種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)組成(cheng),成(cheng)熟(shu)后木質化(hua)。種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)的(de)裸露增厚部分(fen)稱(cheng)(cheng)鱗(lin)(lin)盾(dun),鱗(lin)(lin)盾(dun)先端(duan)的(de)瘤(liu)狀(zhuang)突(tu)起(qi)稱(cheng)(cheng)鱗(lin)(lin)臍。有(you)的(de)樹種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)臍具(ju)刺,有(you)的(de)無(wu)。球(qiu)(qiu)果成(cheng)熟(shu)時種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)張開,種(zhong)子(zi)脫落;但少數樹種(zhong)種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)則長期保(bao)持關(guan)閉狀(zhuang)態。每(mei)個種(zhong)鱗(lin)(lin)具(ju)種(zhong)子(zi)2粒(li),種(zhong)子(zi)上部具(ju)一長翅,少數具(ju)短(duan)翅或(huo)無(wu)翅。
松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)最明顯的特征是葉成(cheng)針(zhen)(zhen)狀(zhuang),常2針(zhen)(zhen)、3針(zhen)(zhen)或5針(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)束。如油(you)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、馬尾松(song)(song)(song)(song)、黃(huang)山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的葉2針(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)束,白皮松(song)(song)(song)(song)的葉3針(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)束,紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)、華山(shan)松(song)(song)(song)(song)、五針(zhen)(zhen)松(song)(song)(song)(song)的葉5針(zhen)(zhen)一(yi)束。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)為(wei)雌雄同(tong)株(zhu)植物,而且孢子葉成(cheng)球(qiu)果狀(zhuang)排列,形(xing)成(cheng)雌、雄球(qiu)花。雌球(qiu)花單個或2一(yi)4個著生于新枝(zhi)頂端(duan),雄球(qiu)花多數聚集于新枝(zhi)下(xia)部(bu)。松(song)(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的球(qiu)花一(yi)般于春夏(xia)季開放(fang),但花粉傳到雌球(qiu)花上后,要(yao)到第二年初夏(xia)才萌發,使雌花受精(jing),發育成(cheng)球(qiu)果(俗稱松(song)(song)(song)(song)塔或松(song)(song)(song)(song)球(qiu),不是果實)。球(qiu)果于秋后成(cheng)熟,種鱗張開,每個種鱗具兩粒種子。
松屬植(zhi)物中的(de)(de)多數種(zhong)類(lei)是高大(da)(da)挺拔(ba)的(de)(de)喬木(mu),而且材(cai)質(zhi)好,不乏棟(dong)梁之材(cai)。中國東北的(de)(de)“木(mu)材(cai)之王”——紅松、北美西部(bu)廣為(wei)分(fen)布的(de)(de)高大(da)(da)樹種(zhong)(高達75米)—西黃松、原產于(yu)(yu)美國加(jia)州(zhou)沿海生長(chang)速度(du)最快(kuai)的(de)(de)松樹——輻射松、原產于(yu)(yu)美國東南部(bu)的(de)(de)濕地松、美洲加(jia)勒比海地區原產的(de)(de)加(jia)勒比松、廣布于(yu)(yu)歐亞(ya)大(da)(da)陸(lu)西部(bu)和北部(bu)的(de)(de)歐洲赤松等等,都是著名(ming)的(de)(de)用(yong)材(cai)樹種(zhong)。
松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)觀(guan)賞價值(zhi)也是(shi)(shi)有目共睹的(de)(de)(de)。在中(zhong)國,從皇家(jia)古典園林到現代居民(min)家(jia)中(zhong)都(dou)能見到松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)倩影,例如北京北海、頤(yi)和(he)園中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)油松(song)(song)(song)、白皮(pi)松(song)(song)(song),樹(shu)樁盆景(jing)中(zhong)廣泛使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)五針松(song)(song)(song)等,一(yi)些名山勝地(di),更是(shi)(shi)山以(yi)松(song)(song)(song)壯勢、松(song)(song)(song)以(yi)山出名。黃(huang)山的(de)(de)(de)迎客松(song)(song)(song)、華(hua)山的(de)(de)(de)華(hua)山松(song)(song)(song)、長(chang)白山的(de)(de)(de)美人松(song)(song)(song)……無一(yi)不令游人贊嘆。另(ling)外,松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)根(gen)部位常常會有大型真菌(jun)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。它們有的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)木腐菌(jun),可以(yi)對松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)進行分(fen)解,造成(cheng)(cheng)樹(shu)木根(gen)腐;有的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)外生(sheng)(sheng)菌(jun)根(gen)菌(jun),可以(yi)與松(song)(song)(song)樹(shu)互換營(ying)(ying)養,防(fang)止樹(shu)木營(ying)(ying)養缺乏,從而導致(zhi)影響生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。成(cheng)(cheng)熟后高達45米(mi),胸徑1.5米(mi);樹(shu)皮(pi)紅(hong)褐(he)色,下部灰褐(he)色,裂成(cheng)(cheng)不規則的(de)(de)(de)鱗狀塊(kuai)片;枝(zhi)(zhi)平展或(huo)斜展,樹(shu)冠(guan)寬塔形或(huo)傘形,枝(zhi)(zhi)條每年生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)一(yi)輪,但在廣東南部則通常生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)兩輪,淡黃(huang)褐(he)色,無白粉,稀(xi)有白粉,無毛(mao);冬芽卵狀圓(yuan)柱形或(huo)圓(yuan)柱形,褐(he)色,頂端尖(jian),芽鱗邊(bian)緣絲狀,先端尖(jian)或(huo)成(cheng)(cheng)漸尖(jian)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)尖(jian)頭,微反(fan)曲。
松(song)樹的(de)苗木繁育主要采用種(zhong)子育苗或者用枝條進行扦插,此外,另有由(you)我國研究人員創立的(de)直接(jie)用松(song)樹的(de)針(zhen)葉束進行無性系,苗木繁育的(de)方法,即(ji):針(zhen)葉束育苗。
松(song)樹(shu)除經濟(ji)用(yong)途外(wai),由于其(qi)樹(shu)姿雄偉、蒼勁,樹(shu)體高大、長(chang)壽(shou),還具有(you)重要的(de)觀(guan)賞價(jia)值(zhi)。它是中(zhong)國很多(duo)風景區的(de)重要景觀(guan)成分(fen)。如遼(liao)寧(ning)千山(shan)、山(shan)東泰山(shan)、江西(xi)廬(lu)山(shan)都以松(song)樹(shu)景色而(er)馳(chi)名。尤(you)其(qi)是安徽的(de)黃山(shan),松(song)、云、石號(hao)稱(cheng)“三絕”,而(er)以松(song)為(wei)首。各地不(bu)少(shao)古松(song)與中(zhong)國悠久的(de)歷史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)有(you)密切聯系。如北京(jing)北海團城有(you)一株800年生的(de)古松(song),傳說曾被清乾隆(long)封為(wei)“遮陰侯(hou)”;泰山(shan)“五大夫松(song)”傳說是秦始皇登(deng)山(shan)在此避雨而(er)被封以官(guan)爵(jue)的(de)。中(zhong)國人民把松(song)樹(shu)作為(wei)堅定、貞潔、長(chang)壽(shou)的(de)象征。松(song)、竹(zhu)、梅世(shi)稱(cheng)“歲寒三友”,喻不(bu)畏逆(ni)境、戰勝困難的(de)堅韌精神。
按照結構(gou)特(te)征和(he)材(cai)性,一般將(jiang)松(song)(song)樹(shu)分為(wei)(wei)軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)和(he)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)。軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(即(ji)(ji)單(dan)維管(guan)束(shu)亞屬)比較輕軟(ruan),紋理均勻,強(qiang)度小,加工容易,早材(cai)至(zhi)晚(wan)材(cai)漸變,少翅裂。硬(ying)(ying)(ying)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)(即(ji)(ji)雙維管(guan)束(shu)亞屬)比較重硬(ying)(ying)(ying),紋理不均勻,強(qiang)度較大(da),加工較難,早材(cai)至(zhi)晚(wan)材(cai)急變,松(song)(song)脂含量高。但屬于(yu)(yu)軟(ruan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)中的(de)海南五針松(song)(song)和(he)華南五針松(song)(song)在強(qiang)度和(he)容重上接近于(yu)(yu)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)松(song)(song)。松(song)(song)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)材(cai)可供建筑、電(dian)桿、枕木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、礦柱、橋梁、農具(ju)、器(qi)具(ju)、家具(ju)等(deng)多種(zhong)用途。各種(zhong)松(song)(song)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)纖維素含量約為(wei)(wei)50~60%,木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質素為(wei)(wei)25~30%,為(wei)(wei)制漿造(zao)紙工業重要的(de)原料(liao)之一。松(song)(song)樹(shu)也可用作薪炭(tan)材(cai)。
從松(song)樹(shu)樹(shu)干割(ge)取松(song)脂(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)提取松(song)香和(he)松(song)節油(you)。松(song)樹(shu)種(zhong)子(zi)富含蛋(dan)白質(zhi)和(he)油(you)脂(zhi),含油(you)量都在30%以(yi)上,其中具食用價值的(de)(de)有(you)(you)20種(zhong),如(ru)產于(yu)中國的(de)(de)有(you)(you)紅松(song)、偃松(song)、華山松(song)等(deng)。紅松(song)的(de)(de)種(zhong)子(zi)還可(ke)入藥(yao),藥(yao)名“海松(song)子(zi)”,是一種(zhong)滋養強壯劑(ji)。松(song)樹(shu)的(de)(de)樹(shu)皮(pi)(pi)、種(zhong)皮(pi)(pi)富含單(dan)寧,可(ke)浸(jin)水提取栲膠。樹(shu)皮(pi)(pi)經粉(fen)碎后(hou),與其他原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)混(hun)合,加(jia)壓可(ke)制成(cheng)硬(ying)纖維板(ban)。此外還可(ke)從松(song)樹(shu)針葉中提取松(song)針揮(hui)發油(you)。針葉中含有(you)(you)較豐富的(de)(de)胡蘿(luo)卜素、維生素、脂(zhi)肪、蛋(dan)白質(zhi)以(yi)及鈣、磷等(deng)多種(zhong)礦質(zhi)元素,可(ke)加(jia)工成(cheng)飼料(liao)(liao)添加(jia)劑(ji),用來(lai)飼養家禽、家畜。利用松(song)枝(zhi)、松(song)根在窯內進行不(bu)完全(quan)的(de)(de)燃燒(shao),可(ke)制得松(song)煙(見木材(cai)干餾),用于(yu)制造墨、油(you)墨和(he)黑色(se)涂料(liao)(liao)。松(song)枝(zhi)和(he)松(song)根還是培(pei)養名貴藥(yao)材(cai)茯苓的(de)(de)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)。
綜(zong)上所述,松(song)針(zhen)以其鮮為人(ren)知的驚人(ren)功(gong)效和覆蓋全(quan)國的豐富資源(yuan),必將成(cheng)保(bao)健產(chan)業(ye)革(ge)命的標志性產(chan)品。
馬尾(wei)松的葉——松針有極大的藥用價值,最早由孫思邈(miao)發現,主要是清除人體(ti)自(zi)由基,可防(fang)暈車,可煨水、泡酒,延年益壽。
松(song)針(zhen)是(shi)松(song)樹藥用(yong)的(de)代(dai)表部位(wei),味苦(ku)、無毒、藥性溫和(he),它(ta)的(de)提取物(wu)(wu)(wu)中含有(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)酵素(su)、植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)纖維、生長激松(song) 針(zhen)素(su)、蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、脂肪(fang)和(he) 2 4種(zhong)氨基(ji)(ji)酸,松(song) 針(zhen)具(ju) 有(you)降(jiang)血壓的(de)作用(yong)。松(song)針(zhen)中含有(you)豐富的(de)β-胡蘿卜(bu)素(su)、維生素(su)C、維生素(su)E,這三(san)種(zhong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)稱為抗氧(yang)化(hua)的(de)“金(jin)三(san)角”,三(san)者共同保(bao)護人(ren)(ren)體組織細(xi)胞免受氧(yang)化(hua),延長細(xi)胞的(de)壽命(ming)。松(song)針(zhen)提取物(wu)(wu)(wu)前花青(qing)素(su) (PCA)是(shi)一種(zhong)能(neng)力超強(qiang)的(de)天然抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑,前花青(qing)素(su)是(shi)世(shi)界(jie)上迄今(jin)為止(zhi)文獻記載和(he)實(shi)(shi)驗室發現最強(qiang)的(de)天然抗氧(yang)化(hua)(抗衰老)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)!它(ta)有(you)優異的(de)清(qing)除(chu)多種(zhong)有(you)害自(zi)(zi)由基(ji)(ji)的(de)功(gong)效,與其他(ta)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)抗氧(yang)化(hua)劑相(xiang)比,前花青(qing)素(su)對超氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)陰離子自(zi)(zi)由基(ji)(ji)和(he)羥自(zi)(zi)由基(ji)(ji)的(de)清(qing)除(chu)能(neng)力更勝一籌;松(song)針(zhen)精(jing)油(you)和(he)松(song)針(zhen)黃酮有(you)獨特(te)的(de)水溶性,能(neng)和(he)松(song)針(zhen)所(suo)含的(de)不(bu)飽和(he)脂肪(fang)酸透過血管壁(bi)進入(ru)血液:通過增加膽汁分泌,減少膽固醇的(de)積累,通過清(qing)除(chu)膽固醇,預防動脈硬(ying)化(hua)、擴張(zhang)末梢血管、改善紅細(xi)胞攜(xie)氧(yang)能(neng)力,促進人(ren)(ren)的(de)血液循環。人(ren)(ren)類心腦血管疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)幾大癥狀:心絞痛(tong)、心悸、喘息、浮腫(zhong)、暈眩(xuan)、呼吸(xi)困(kun)難,飲用(yong)松(song)針(zhen)茶(cha)后,都得(de)到了改善多種(zhong)實(shi)(shi)驗證明。