分布于中國河南北部(太行(xing)山(shan))。生(sheng)長(chang)在(zai)海拔1100-1200米的(de)陰坡山(shan)崖石壁上。
多年生(sheng)草本。根莖粗壯,根深長,伸(shen)入石縫中有時(shi)達地(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部分4-5倍(bei)。花葶(ting)無(wu)毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)有時(shi)被稀(xi)疏柔毛(mao),高4-15厘(li)(li)(li)米,葶(ting)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)無(wu)葉(xie),僅有1-5枚對生(sheng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)互生(sheng)的(de)苞片(pian),苞片(pian)3裂,裂片(pian)帶狀披針(zhen)形(xing),無(wu)毛(mao)。基生(sheng)葉(xie)為單葉(xie),稀(xi)有時(shi)葉(xie)柄(bing)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部有1-2極小的(de)裂片(pian),卵(luan)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)橢圓形(xing),長2.5-10厘(li)(li)(li)米,寬2-8厘(li)(li)(li)米,頂端圓鈍(dun),基部截形(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)圓形(xing),稀(xi)闊楔形(xing),邊(bian)緣(yuan)有粗大鈍(dun)齒或(huo)(huo)(huo)波狀圓齒,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)綠色,無(wu)毛(mao),下面(mian)淡綠色,幾無(wu)毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)在(zai)葉(xie)基部脈上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有極稀(xi)疏柔毛(mao);葉(xie)柄(bing)長2.5-10厘(li)(li)(li)米,無(wu)毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)被稀(xi)疏柔毛(mao)。
花(hua)雄性和兩性同株或(huo)(huo)異株,單(dan)生花(hua)葶頂(ding)端(duan),稀2朵,花(hua)開放時直徑3-4.5厘米(mi);萼筒陀螺(luo)形(xing),無(wu)毛(mao),萼片淺(qian)綠色(se)或(huo)(huo)常帶紫色(se),卵(luan)狀(zhuang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)卵(luan)狀(zhuang)披針形(xing),頂(ding)端(duan)急尖至(zhi)漸尖;花(hua)瓣白色(se),倒(dao)卵(luan)狀(zhuang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing),頂(ding)端(duan)圓(yuan)鈍;雄蕊多數,著生在(zai)萼筒邊緣;雌蕊多數,被疏柔毛(mao),螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)著生在(zai)花(hua)托上(shang),在(zai)雄花(hua)中(zhong)數目較少,不發育且無(wu)毛(mao);花(hua)柱被短柔毛(mao)(毛(mao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約0.2毫(hao)米(mi)),延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達14-16毫(hao)米(mi),僅頂(ding)端(duan)無(wu)毛(mao),柱頭略(lve)擴(kuo)大;花(hua)托在(zai)果(guo)時延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),達10毫(hao)米(mi),纖(xian)細(xi)柱狀(zhuang),直徑約1毫(hao)米(mi)。瘦果(guo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-4毫(hao)米(mi),被疏柔毛(mao)(毛(mao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5毫(hao)米(mi))。花(hua)果(guo)期(qi)5-8月。
溫(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)栽培:從野外挖來的(de)(de)太行(xing)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)苗(miao),用(yong)細沙、草炭土(tu)各半調(diao)制的(de)(de)培養土(tu)上(shang)盆,在(zai)溫(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)內栽培,夏季(ji)溫(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)遮蔭,注意通風,室(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)25-30℃。冬季(ji)加溫(wen)(wen),控溫(wen)(wen)在(zai)8-15℃條件(jian)下,每(mei)年(nian)(nian)換盆。每(mei)周澆水1-3次。4-10月(yue)長(chang)(chang)勢最(zui)旺,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期1月(yue)至4月(yue)。3月(yue)份是盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期。每(mei)株(zhu)苗(miao)年(nian)(nian)萌新芽苗(miao)2-6個(ge)(ge),葉(xie)30-50片,開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)12-35朵。在(zai)溫(wen)(wen)室(shi)(shi)條件(jian)下,幾年(nian)(nian)來生長(chang)(chang)正(zheng)常(chang),但同(tong)一植株(zhu)不(bu)同(tong)生長(chang)(chang)階(jie)段,形(xing)(xing)態(tai)上(shang)出現活躍的(de)(de)分化(hua)現象(xiang)。如(ru)葉(xie)片形(xing)(xing)狀,除卵形(xing)(xing)、橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),還(huan)有長(chang)(chang)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)、心狀卵圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)、三(san)角狀卵形(xing)(xing);葉(xie)基截形(xing)(xing)、圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或楔形(xing)(xing);葉(xie)緣圓(yuan)鈍或銳尖,深裂或波狀淺裂;葉(xie)色油綠或灰(hui)綠;葉(xie)對(dui)生、互生等。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)性別(bie)除雄花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、兩性花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),還(huan)有單性雌花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua);每(mei)個(ge)(ge)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)攀小花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)數達到1-5個(ge)(ge);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣(ban)也出現7-巧(qiao)瓣(ban)的(de)(de)復(fu)瓣(ban)和達到38瓣(ban)的(de)(de)重瓣(ban)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。個(ge)(ge)體變(bian)異為選育優良栽培品種提供了方便條件(jian)。
露(lu)地栽培(pei):中國北京(jing)香山地區的(de)氣候條件(jian)(jian)與太(tai)行(xing)山相近。如(ru)年平(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)北京(jing)1.8℃,產地10.1℃,年降水量(liang)分別為(wei)645毫米、約800毫米,日(ri)照時(shi)(shi)數(shu)2635小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)、2480小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)。同(tong)屬溫(wen)帶大陸(lu)性季(ji)風氣候,春(chun)季(ji)干旱多風,夏(xia)季(ji)炎熱(re)多雨(yu),冬(dong)季(ji)寒冷干旱。栽培(pei)條件(jian)(jian)下(xia)水分條件(jian)(jian)較好,1988-1991年露(lu)地栽植的(de)太(tai)行(xing)花,不同(tong)苗齡植株(zhu)均生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)正常(chang),越冬(dong)良好,有1/4的(de)葉片(pian)冬(dong)季(ji)仍保持活(huo)力,而原產地未(wei)見成活(huo)葉片(pian)越冬(dong)。北京(jing)平(ping)(ping)原地區比產地山區入(ru)冬(dong)晚,早(zao)春(chun)升溫(wen)快,太(tai)行(xing)花春(chun)季(ji)萌發生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)比產地提早(zao)15-20天,生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)達到258天。
一般溫度高于5℃時,越冬苗開始萌芽(ya)展(zhan)葉,生(sheng)長(chang)旺盛(sheng)期氣溫在(zai)20-25℃,氣溫過高在(zai)35-40℃,表(biao)現出抑制生(sheng)長(chang)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。在(zai)全(quan)日照條(tiao)件下(xia),葉片厚,葉柄粗短,單葉重(zhong),葉色濃綠,出葉分(fen)株較少,表(biao)現出光照過強的特征。如在(zai)夏季適當遮蔭、或栽(zai)培(pei)在(zai)稀疏(shu)林下(xia),保證充(chong)足的水肥條(tiao)件,植(zhi)株生(sheng)長(chang)茂盛(sheng)。地栽(zai)條(tiao)件下(xia)最好是栽(zai)植(zhi)在(zai)泥炭土(tu)細(xi)沙(sha)各半的培(pei)養土(tu)上,土(tu)壤(rang)疏(shu)松,保水好,植(zhi)株根系發(fa)達,葉片繁茂,花朵碩大(da)。沙(sha)土(tu)或普通黃壤(rang)土(tu)生(sheng)長(chang)不良。
繁殖育苗(miao)太(tai)行花在(zai)(zai)(zai)原產地很少采集到發(fa)育成熟的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,主要靠(kao)莖生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)定(ding)芽(ya)沿有限的(de)石(shi)縫(feng)擴大種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群。人(ren)工栽培每年(nian)可(ke)產生(sheng)(sheng)2-6個莖生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)定(ding)芽(ya),在(zai)(zai)(zai)秋季(ji)或(huo)初春冊下分(fen)(fen)株移栽,無根的(de)芽(ya)苗(miao)扦插在(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)床上,生(sheng)(sheng)根后(hou)移栽,一般可(ke)全部成活(huo)。離體培養(yang)用腋芽(ya)接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)每升附加ZT0.2毫(hao)克(ke)6-BA1.0毫(hao)克(ke)的(de)MS培養(yang)基中,分(fen)(fen)化產生(sheng)(sheng)愈傷(shang)組織再接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)每升加入(ru)0.5毫(hao)克(ke)NAA、2.0毫(hao)克(ke)6-BA分(fen)(fen)化培養(yang)基中形成不(bu)定(ding)芽(ya),即可(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)根出(chu)苗(miao)。此(ci)外,也可(ke)誘(you)導成胚狀體播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成苗(miao)。
太行(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)屬古老(lao)的(de)殘(can)遺種,對(dui)于闡明薔薇(wei)科(ke)(ke)某些類群的(de)起源和(he)演化(hua)問(wen)題,有(you)科(ke)(ke)研價值。民(min)間常用太行(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)治療癬(xian)癥。太行(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)白色如杏(xing)花(hua)(hua)大(da)小,花(hua)(hua)朵稠密,有(you)觀(guan)賞價值。花(hua)(hua)朵的(de)構造特(te)殊,是研究薔薇(wei)科(ke)(ke)植物的(de)好材料(liao)。