明朝曾于山上蓋(gai)有(you)城樓(lou)樣樓(lou),是當時(shi)福州較(jiao)高的建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu),又(you)稱鎮海樓(lou)。登(deng)樓(lou)眺望,可極目閩江(jiang)口(kou)。不幸(xing)的是此樓(lou)毀于“文化大革命”中。2006年在原址重建(jian)新樓(lou)。
屏山(shan)(shan)高(gao)62米,東南為冶山(shan)(shan),旁有歐冶池,相傳為春秋時歐冶子鑄劍處,又(you)稱劍池,華林寺。北麓(lu)有1987年新(xin)辟的屏山(shan)(shan)公園,園中有不少游(you)覽點。
漢閩越(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)無諸建(jian)冶城,相(xiang)(xiang)傳就(jiu)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東南(nan)(nan)冶山(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)帶。冶山(shan)(shan)北(bei)有福(fu)州較(jiao)早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冶煉遺址歐冶池。晉(jin)子城、唐(tang)羅城,也都是(shi)(shi)從此向南(nan)(nan)擴展的(de)(de)(de)(de)。越(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)巔(dian)舊有環峰亭(ting)、絕學寮,為(wei)宋(song)(song)丞相(xiang)(xiang)張浚(jun)讀(du)書處。又有天泉(quan)(quan)池、泉(quan)(quan)山(shan)(shan)堂、玩(wan)琴(qin)石(shi),相(xiang)(xiang)傳為(wei)閩越(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)鼓琴(qin)處。山(shan)(shan)下一(yi)(yi)泓清(qing)泉(quan)(quan),傳為(wei)閩越(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)飲馬泉(quan)(quan),在(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)華林寺(si)大殿(dian)前(qian)院(yuan)東南(nan)(nan)。山(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓有福(fu)州第一(yi)(yi)座佛寺(si)——乾元寺(si),毀于明(ming)初(chu),今(jin)(jin)(jin)半野軒(xuan)系其(qi)殘余部(bu)分。山(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)現(xian)存五代十國之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)吳越(yue)(yue)(yue)鮑(bao)修(xiu)讓興建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“越(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)吉祥禪院(yuan)”,即今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)華林寺(si)。“寶剎越(yue)(yue)(yue)城邊,千花(hua)繡佛前(qian)”,越(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)山(shan)(shan)在(zai)宋(song)(song)代就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)福(fu)州的(de)(de)(de)(de)游覽勝(sheng)地。南(nan)(nan)宋(song)(song)高宗(zong)趙構(gou)曾御書“越(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)”、“環峰”刻石(shi)于寺(si),今(jin)(jin)(jin)殘碑(bei)猶存。寺(si)幾經興廢,僅存大殿(dian),經專家(jia)學者論證和C14測(ce)定,確認(ren)華林寺(si)大殿(dian)是(shi)(shi)千年以前(qian)原構(gou),是(shi)(shi)長江以南(nan)(nan)較(jiao)古老(lao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)木構(gou)建(jian)筑,已列為(wei)全國重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單位,在(zai)全國古建(jian)筑中(zhong)占有一(yi)(yi)席之(zhi)地。明(ming)洪武初(chu),跨(kua)越(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)山(shan)(shan)砌石(shi)城,建(jian)城樓于其(qi)上,稱為(wei)“樣樓”,后更名(ming)鎮(zhen)海樓,屢毀屢建(jian),民國時(shi)期改為(wei)林森紀念堂,“文(wen)(wen)化大革命”中(zhong)被炸毀。山(shan)(shan)西北(bei)有井“苔(tai)泉(quan)(quan)”,又稱龍(long)舌(she)泉(quan)(quan)。水從山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)峭壁裂縫(feng)中(zhong)涌(yong)出(chu),流注井中(zhong),微呈澄藍(lan)色,味清(qing)甜,宋(song)(song)代書法家(jia)蔡襄知福(fu)州時(shi),喜用這里的(de)(de)(de)(de)水烹茶,今(jin)(jin)(jin)井旁一(yi)(yi)方石(shi)碑(bei),刻“苔(tai)泉(quan)(quan)”,相(xiang)(xiang)傳是(shi)(shi)蔡襄的(de)(de)(de)(de)手跡。越(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)山(shan)(shan)因為(wei)是(shi)(shi)閩越(yue)(yue)(yue)國發祥地,早(zao)在(zai)唐(tang)宋(song)(song)就(jiu)禁(jin)止樵(qiao)采(cai),是(shi)(shi)福(fu)州較(jiao)早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史文(wen)(wen)化保護(hu)區(qu)。
主峰從(cong)南向北居高(gao)臨下,勢如率領群(qun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)奔向大海(hai),為主村之屏(ping)風,故(gu)(gu)(gu)名(ming)。宋理(li)學家朱熹(xi)結舍講學于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)旁(pang)(pang),因(yin)此又叫賢人(ren)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。古時還叫魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),唐代以前,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的前面(mian)(mian)一(yi)片汪洋,民居只能沿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)建(jian)屋,唐末至兩宋間,這里(li)(li)人(ren)才輩出,高(gao)魁(kui)蟬朕,故(gu)(gu)(gu)得名(ming)魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),境為魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)境。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)旁(pang)(pang)路(lu)邊大崖面(mian)(mian)上勒(le)有楷書“魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”二(er)字,后因(yin)建(jian)設水渠被打(da)掉(diao),福建(jian)省(sheng)副省(sheng)長潘心城(cheng)在原處(chu)補書“魁(kui)元”二(er)字,里(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)有一(yi)處(chu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峪,地名(ming)叫魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)里(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)(gu)屏(ping)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、賢人(ren)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、魁(kui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),三名(ming)并傳(chuan)。
該山海拔(ba)500米(mi),面積約1000畝(mu),北面臨鼎溪,與柏山對峙,東面一片平原,萬畝(mu)良田,距山三公里(li)就(jiu)是大(da)(da)海。西面是蓄水一千萬立方米(mi)的三溪水庫,以(yi)及環山諸村。南面與邦上村、犰侖山及福清七社諸村交(jiao)界。山巔羅列(lie)大(da)(da)小不一、千姿百態、挺秀(xiu)而(er)出的奇(qi)峰怪石,猶如萬笏朝天,生(sheng)長有兩面針、鳳尾草等(deng)(deng)多種藥材,種植地瓜(甘(gan)薯)、果樹(shu)等(deng)(deng),并儲存大(da)(da)量優質花崗石。有天龍井、豸石、龍嗡泉等(deng)(deng)名(ming)勝古跡和邑十(shi)二(er)大(da)(da)景之一“屏嶂鋪(pu)霞(xia)”,千年(nian)古剎——朝元觀,朱熹講(jiang)學處——紫陽閣(ge),香梅(mei)軒,鐘秀(xiu)毓(yu)英牌坊等(deng)(deng)古建筑,明代(dai)陳(chen)省(sheng)崖刻(ke)等(deng)(deng)亦在其旁。來在山上新建觀海亭、望(wang)月亭和各種休閑場(chang)所,通(tong)往各個(ge)景點道路都鋪(pu)上石條。巖石中有華國鋒、賈慶林(lin)、田紀云、王兆國、賀(he)國強等(deng)(deng)黨(dang)和國家領(ling)導(dao)人(ren),以(yi)及陳(chen)明義、袁啟彤(tong)、游德馨、何少川、張家坤、潘心城、陳(chen)奮(fen)武等(deng)(deng)省(sheng)領(ling)導(dao)和書法名(ming)家的書寫(xie)巖刻(ke)。