由于經(jing)濟快速發(fa)展,對能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的需(xu)求日益增大(da),其中電(dian)力缺口尤其明顯,此外嚴峻的環境污染形勢,迫切(qie)需(xu)要(yao)改變能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)格局,改善生(sheng)態環境,對新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)與可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)進(jin)行(xing)大(da)規(gui)模的開(kai)(kai)發(fa)應(ying)用(yong)。江蘇位于中國風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)較豐富區域,沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)尤其是近海(hai)(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)域風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)更為豐富,為大(da)規(gui)模、超大(da)規(gui)模海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)發(fa)展創造(zao)了(le)巨大(da)空間。大(da)規(gui)模非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)的應(ying)用(yong),更是開(kai)(kai)辟了(le)一條中國特(te)色風(feng)(feng)電(dian)多元化(hua)發(fa)展之路(lu)。文(wen)中分析了(le)江蘇沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)資(zi)源(yuan)布局及(ji)沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)現狀;在風(feng)(feng)電(dian)非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)理論指導下(xia),以規(gui)模化(hua)制氫和氯堿(jian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)為例,探討非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)與高載能(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)間的鏈(lian)合(he)路(lu)徑(jing),并(bing)構建(jian)相應(ying)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian);依據(ju)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)合(he)機制,探討大(da)規(gui)模非(fei)并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)基地建(jian)設(she)的實施目標與戰略(lve)規(gui)劃。
江蘇位于(yu)全國風(feng)(feng)能資(zi)(zi)源較豐富(fu)(fu)區(qu)(qu),風(feng)(feng)能資(zi)(zi)源分布自沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)向內陸遞減(jian),沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)尤其(qi)是近海(hai)(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)域(yu)風(feng)(feng)能資(zi)(zi)源較為(wei)豐富(fu)(fu),而(er)內陸地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)風(feng)(feng)能資(zi)(zi)源相(xiang)對貧乏。其(qi)中,近海(hai)(hai)(hai)的東(dong)(dong)西連島(dao)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)風(feng)(feng)能資(zi)(zi)源最為(wei)豐富(fu)(fu);沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)、長江三角洲一(yi)帶、淮河(he)兩岸、洪(hong)澤湖、高郵湖東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)及(ji)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)沼澤地(di)(di)帶、太湖東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu),風(feng)(feng)能也較為(wei)豐富(fu)(fu);陸上(shang)風(feng)(feng)能資(zi)(zi)源主(zhu)要在沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)灘涂。在扣除(chu)風(feng)(feng)功率密度較小不具開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)價值和已開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)或規(gui)劃開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)為(wei)園(yuan)區(qu)(qu)、港口區(qu)(qu)域(yu)后,江蘇陸地(di)(di)風(feng)(feng)電可開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)量(liang)為(wei)300萬(wan)(wan)(wan)kW,近海(hai)(hai)(hai)風(feng)(feng)電可開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)量(liang)近期(qi)為(wei)1000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)kW,遠期(qi)為(wei)3000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)kW,合(he)計(ji)4300萬(wan)(wan)(wan)kW。可見(jian),江蘇風(feng)(feng)能資(zi)(zi)源優勢在海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang),海(hai)(hai)(hai)上(shang)風(feng)(feng)能極(ji)具開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)潛(qian)力。
通(tong)過對(dui)風能資源、并網條件、交(jiao)通(tong)運(yun)輸及(ji)環(huan)境等因素(su)綜合分析(xi),除東(dong)(dong)西連島地區(qu)因交(jiao)通(tong)安裝(zhuang)條件不具備建設大(da)型風電(dian)(dian)場外,其他沿海(hai)地區(qu)的(de)啟東(dong)(dong)、通(tong)州、如東(dong)(dong)、東(dong)(dong)臺、大(da)豐、射陽(yang)、濱海(hai)、響水、贛(gan)榆和洪澤湖東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)、太湖東(dong)(dong)部(bu)都極(ji)具開發(fa)潛力(li),其中(zhong)從射陽(yang)河到長江(jiang)口(kou)的(de)2.4萬(wan)平方公里淺海(hai)輻射沙(sha)洲具備開發(fa)大(da)規模風電(dian)(dian)場的(de)綜合條件。目前江(jiang)蘇已開展(zhan)前期工(gong)作的(de)海(hai)上(shang)風電(dian)(dian)場規劃總裝(zhuang)機容量達130萬(wan)kW,中(zhong)遠期規劃總裝(zhuang)機容量可達600萬(wan)kW。
風(feng)電(dian)的(de)(de)間歇性(xing)和波(bo)動性(xing)會對電(dian)網造(zao)成很大沖(chong)擊(ji),導致(zhi)風(feng)電(dian)在(zai)電(dian)網中所(suo)占比(bi)重難(nan)以超(chao)過10%,這是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個世界性(xing)難(nan)題,嚴重阻礙了風(feng)電(dian)規模化、產業(ye)化發展進程(cheng)。應對這一(yi)(yi)難(nan)題,風(feng)電(dian)非并網理論(lun)應運(yun)而生。非并網風(feng)電(dian)指風(feng)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)終端負荷不再是(shi)(shi)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)單一(yi)(yi)電(dian)網,而是(shi)(shi)直接應用(yong)于一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列能夠適應風(feng)電(dian)特(te)性(xing)的(de)(de)高載能產業(ye)及其他特(te)殊領域。
將(jiang)非(fei)(fei)并網(wang)(wang)風(feng)電(dian)應(ying)用于規模化(hua)制氫(qing)、氯堿生(sheng)產(chan)等產(chan)業(ye),可形成(cheng)“非(fei)(fei)并網(wang)(wang)風(feng)電(dian)—規模化(hua)制氫(qing)”、“非(fei)(fei)并網(wang)(wang)風(feng)電(dian)—氯堿生(sheng)產(chan)”等一系列(lie)產(chan)業(ye)鏈。目前,已從(cong)技術層面打通了非(fei)(fei)并網(wang)(wang)風(feng)電(dian)與相應(ying)高載能產(chan)業(ye)之間的鏈合路徑,為產(chan)業(ye)鏈的形成(cheng)與完善奠(dian)定了最(zui)重要(yao)的基礎。
大規(gui)模非并(bing)(bing)網風電(dian)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基地(di)建(jian)設(she),要發揮(hui)江蘇沿(yan)海(hai)風能(neng)(neng)資源(yuan)優勢,實現(xian)打造(zao)江蘇沿(yan)海(hai)綠色能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)基地(di)的(de)戰略構想(xiang);進(jin)一步延伸“非并(bing)(bing)網風電(dian)—高(gao)載能(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)”產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian),帶(dai)動新型(xing)非并(bing)(bing)網風機(ji)、精細(xi)化(hua)工、生物醫藥、高(gao)能(neng)(neng)燃料等產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)快速發展;注重培(pei)育在(zai)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)(lian)主(zhu)要環節上的(de)大型(xing)龍(long)頭企業(ye)(ye),加(jia)強技術創新能(neng)(neng)力;建(jian)立(li)完善非并(bing)(bing)網風電(dian)政策(ce)服務體(ti)系;建(jian)立(li)健全人才引進(jin)、培(pei)養機(ji)制。從(cong)而加(jia)快非并(bing)(bing)網風電(dian)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)進(jin)程,建(jian)設(she)生產(chan)(chan)性制造(zao)業(ye)(ye)和現(xian)代服務業(ye)(ye)共同繁榮的(de)市場體(ti)系,培(pei)育新的(de)經濟增(zeng)長(chang)點(dian),節能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)、環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護,實現(xian)人與自然(ran)、經濟與社會和諧發展。建(jian)設(she)中要遵循(xun)技術創新、經濟效益、環境(jing)(jing)友(you)好、產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)關聯和政策(ce)配(pei)套等原(yuan)則(ze)。
根據江蘇(su)沿(yan)海(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)能資源分布(bu)及沿(yan)海(hai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)場(chang)(chang)建設(she)(she)進程,開(kai)(kai)展江蘇(su)大(da)規(gui)(gui)模非并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)產(chan)業(ye)基地(di)建設(she)(she)。在(zai)(zai)目前江蘇(su)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)場(chang)(chang)建設(she)(she)規(gui)(gui)劃中(zhong),風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)場(chang)(chang)選址主要(yao)在(zai)(zai)如東(dong)(dong)(dong)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)臺、大(da)豐、啟(qi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)等地(di),因此,短期內(nei)可在(zai)(zai)如東(dong)(dong)(dong)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)臺、大(da)豐、啟(qi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)開(kai)(kai)展大(da)規(gui)(gui)模非并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)產(chan)業(ye)基地(di)的建設(she)(she)規(gui)(gui)劃。長遠來看,通州、射(she)陽(yang)、濱(bin)海(hai)、響水、贛榆等沿(yan)海(hai)地(di)區(qu)也極(ji)具(ju)建設(she)(she)大(da)規(gui)(gui)模非并(bing)網(wang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)產(chan)業(ye)基地(di)的開(kai)(kai)發潛力。
隨著(zhu)大規模非并(bing)(bing)網風(feng)電產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基地建設的展(zhan)開,要推(tui)動新型非并(bing)(bing)網風(feng)機、精細(xi)化(hua)工、生物醫藥、高(gao)能燃料等產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展(zhan),從(cong)而(er)形成相應的產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基地,進而(er)圍繞大規模非并(bing)(bing)網風(feng)電產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)基地,形成功能完善的功能布局。
大規模非(fei)并網(wang)風電(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基地建設,對加快緩(huan)解能(neng)源對高(gao)載(zai)能(neng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展的制約(yue)、推進(jin)非(fei)并網(wang)風電(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化進(jin)程和(he)拓(tuo)展非(fei)并網(wang)風電(dian)(dian)應用領域,具(ju)有重要(yao)戰略(lve)意義。要(yao)進(jin)一步延伸“非(fei)并網(wang)風電(dian)(dian)—高(gao)載(zai)能(neng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)”產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈,不斷豐富(fu)其產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)內容、拓(tuo)展產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)覆蓋面、實現產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)功(gong)能(neng)多樣化,形(xing)成(cheng)布局合理、功(gong)能(neng)完善的產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展新局面。