1925年(nian)1月(yue)中國(guo)共產(chan)黨(dang)第四次全國(guo)代表大(da)(da)會以后,群眾(zhong)運動蓬勃(bo)發展,2月(yue)至4月(yue),上海、青島的日本(ben)(ben)紗廠工(gong)人在中國(guo)共產(chan)黨(dang)領導下,先后組織數萬工(gong)人舉行(xing)大(da)(da)規(gui)模罷工(gong)斗(dou)爭,取得(de)了重大(da)(da)勝利,同時也遭(zao)到(dao)日本(ben)(ben)帝國(guo)主(zhu)義(yi)和北洋軍(jun)閥的鎮(zhen)壓。日本(ben)(ben)帝國(guo)主(zhu)義(yi)勾結北洋軍(jun)閥政府企圖破壞工(gong)人運動,醞釀(niang)新的血腥(xing)屠殺(sha)。
5月14日,上(shang)海日本(ben)紗廠工人為抗議日本(ben)資方無理開(kai)除工人再度罷工,日本(ben)資本(ben)家開(kai)槍(qiang)打(da)死工人顧正紅(共產黨員),打(da)傷10余名(ming)工人,激(ji)起(qi)上(shang)海工人、學(xue)生和市民(min)的強烈憤怒。同(tong)時,在(zai)上(shang)海的帝國主義(yi)者提(ti)(ti)出(chu)有損(sun)中國主權,打(da)擊中國民(min)族(zu)(zu)工商業的“四提(ti)(ti)案”(增(zeng)訂印刷(shua)附律,增(zeng)加碼頭捐,交易所注冊(ce)及所謂“取(qu)締重(zhong)工法案”),該決定于6月2日在(zai)上(shang)海納(na)稅外(wai)人會上(shang)通過,引起(qi)了(le)包括民(min)族(zu)(zu)資產階級(ji)在(zai)內的上(shang)海各階層人士的強烈反對。
5月28日,中共(gong)中央根據運動(dong)發展形勢,及時決定進一步(bu)動(dong)員群眾開(kai)展反對帝國主義(yi)的政治斗爭(zheng)。
五(wu)卅(sa)慘案的(de)(de)消息迅速傳遍全國(guo)(guo)(guo),各(ge)大、中城市紛(fen)紛(fen)罷(ba)工罷(ba)課,聲援上海人民的(de)(de)反帝(di)斗(dou)爭(zheng)。從而形成了(le)更大規模的(de)(de)五(wu)卅(sa)反帝(di)愛(ai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)運動,嚴重打擊(ji)了(le)帝(di)國(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)義,大大提高了(le)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)人民的(de)(de)覺(jue)悟,揭開了(le)大革命(ming)高漲的(de)(de)序幕(mu)。
帝國(guo)主義(yi)對中國(guo)的(de)侵(qin)略(lve),以經濟剝削(xue)為主,中日(ri)(ri)甲午(wu)戰后(hou),中國(guo)被迫簽訂(ding)馬關條約,準(zhun)許日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)在中國(guo)各口(kou)岸設立工(gong)廠(chang),利用(yong)中國(guo)的(de)原(yuan)料和(he)廉價勞工(gong)進(jin)行(xing)經濟侵(qin)略(lve)。其他列(lie)強(qiang)隨之跟進(jin),紛紛在中國(guo)各口(kou)岸設立工(gong)廠(chang)。日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)人(ren)(ren)僅(jin)在上海(hai)一(yi)地就設有23家紗廠(chang),占全上海(hai)紗廠(chang)三分之二。日(ri)(ri)本(ben)(ben)廠(chang)主對待工(gong)人(ren)(ren)非(fei)常苛刻,工(gong)人(ren)(ren)每日(ri)(ri)工(gong)作(zuo)12小(xiao)時以上,工(gong)資每日(ri)(ri)僅(jin)一(yi)角五(wu)(wu)分,還要扣存百分之五(wu)(wu)儲(chu)蓄廠(chang)中,需至工(gong)作(zuo)滿十(shi)年方始歸還,半途辭工(gong)者儲(chu)蓄金(jin)即(ji)被沒(mei)收(shou)。
2月(yue),日商內(nei)(nei)外棉紗(sha)廠(chang)(chang)第八廠(chang)(chang)推紗(sha)間發(fa)(fa)現一(yi)(yi)(yi)名童工(gong)尸首,胸(xiong)部(bu)受(shou)(shou)重傷十余處,是被紗(sha)廠(chang)(chang)日籍管理(li)(li)員用(yong)鐵棍毆打(da)死亡,工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)目睹(du)慘狀(zhuang),群(qun)情大(da)憤(fen),全(quan)體(ti)罷(ba)工(gong)。后(hou)經上(shang)海(hai)總(zong)商會出(chu)面調停,日廠(chang)(chang)主(zhu)答允不(bu)打(da)罵(ma)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren),同時每兩周發(fa)(fa)放工(gong)資一(yi)(yi)(yi)次,工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)即恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)工(gong)作。5月(yue)間日本各紗(sha)廠(chang)(chang)男工(gong)屢起風潮(chao),竟(jing)將男工(gong)盡行開(kai)除,換為女工(gong),這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)來引(yin)起22家工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)的大(da)罷(ba)工(gong)。由上(shang)海(hai)各團體(ti)調停,以改(gai)良工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)待遇,發(fa)(fa)還儲金為條件恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)工(gong)作,不(bu)料內(nei)(nei)外棉紗(sha)廠(chang)(chang)第八廠(chang)(chang)又開(kai)除工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)十名,工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)服(fu),推舉代表顧(gu)正(zheng)紅等八人(ren)(ren)(ren)向(xiang)廠(chang)(chang)主(zhu)交涉,在交涉中發(fa)(fa)生爭執,日人(ren)(ren)(ren)突然開(kai)槍(qiang)射殺顧(gu)正(zheng)紅,其余七人(ren)(ren)(ren)受(shou)(shou)傷,受(shou)(shou)傷工(gong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)向(xiang)公共租界工(gong)部(bu)局請求(qiu)援助,工(gong)部(bu)局不(bu)僅不(bu)予以公平處理(li)(li),反而控(kong)以擾亂治(zhi)安(an)罪(zui)名,這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)來群(qun)情更為憤(fen)激。
從(cong)學生(sheng)運動到全面的反帝愛(ai)國斗(dou)爭(zheng)。
5月22日(ri)上(shang)海各團體(ti)開(kai)會(hui)追悼顧正紅,上(shang)海各大學(xue)(xue)(xue)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)均往參加(jia),路經公(gong)共(gong)租(zu)界(jie)時有(you)四(si)人(ren)(ren)被捕。于是上(shang)海學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)會(hui)開(kai)會(hui),決議組織演(yan)講隊,出發租(zu)界(jie)宣(xuan)傳。5月30日(ri)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)聯合會(hui)分(fen)派多隊在(zai)租(zu)界(jie)內(nei)游(you)行講演(yan),當天下午,一部分(fen)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)南(nan)京(jing)路被捕,其余學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)及群眾共(gong)千余人(ren)(ren),徒手隨至捕房(fang)門口,要求釋放被捕者,英捕頭愛伏生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)竟(jing)(jing)下令(ling)開(kai)槍向群眾射擊(ji),當場(chang)死學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)四(si)人(ren)(ren),重傷30人(ren)(ren),租(zu)界(jie)當局更調(diao)集軍隊,宣(xuan)布(bu)戒嚴(yan),任意(yi)(yi)槍擊(ji),上(shang)海的大學(xue)(xue)(xue)校竟(jing)(jing)遭封閉,這就是“五卅慘案(an)”。慘案(an)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后全(quan)國震動(dong),北京(jing)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)第(di)二(er)天即響應,全(quan)國各大都市學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也先后罷課,風起云涌(yong),進行反(fan)帝國主義示威運(yun)動(dong),民(min)意(yi)(yi)沸(fei)騰。
當夜,中(zhong)共中(zhong)央立(li)即召(zhao)集會議,決定擴(kuo)大(da)斗爭規(gui)模,號召(zhao)上(shang)海人(ren)(ren)民舉行罷(ba)工、罷(ba)課(ke)、罷(ba)市(shi)(shi),以抗(kang)議英帝(di)國(guo)主義的(de)大(da)屠殺。在共產黨人(ren)(ren)蔡和(he)森、李(li)立(li)三、劉少(shao)奇(qi)等的(de)領導下,31日晚(wan)上(shang)海有組(zu)織的(de)20余萬工人(ren)(ren)成立(li)了(le)上(shang)海總工會,并(bing)選(xuan)舉李(li)立(li)三為(wei)委員(yuan)長。6月1日,上(shang)海全市(shi)(shi)的(de)總罷(ba)工、總罷(ba)課(ke)和(he)總罷(ba)市(shi)(shi)開(kai)始了(le),其(qi)中(zhong)包括20余萬工人(ren)(ren)的(de)總同(tong)盟罷(ba)工,5萬學(xue)生(sheng)罷(ba)課(ke),絕大(da)部分商人(ren)(ren)參加罷(ba)市(shi)(shi)。
6月7日,由(you)上(shang)海總工(gong)(gong)(gong)會、全國學生聯(lian)合會、上(shang)海學生聯(lian)合會和各馬路商界(jie)總聯(lian)合會推舉代(dai)表,組(zu)成“工(gong)(gong)(gong)商學聯(lian)合委員會”,提出(chu)了懲辦兇手并(bing)賠(pei)償、取消(xiao)領事裁(cai)判權,永(yong)遠撤(che)出(chu)駐滬(hu)的英、日海陸(lu)軍等(deng)17項交涉條件。同(tong)時運動(dong)繼續發展和擴大(da),北(bei)京(jing)、天津、南(nan)京(jing)、青(qing)島、杭州、開(kai)封、鄭州、重慶等(deng)全國各大(da)城(cheng)市(shi)和幾百個城(cheng)鎮(zhen)的人民,紛紛游行示(shi)(shi)威,罷(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong),罷(ba)課,罷(ba)市(shi),通電(dian),捐款,表示(shi)(shi)支援(yuan),形成了全國規模的反帝(di)怒(nu)潮,并(bing)得到國際工(gong)(gong)(gong)人階(jie)級的支援(yuan)。
6月(yue)1日北京(jing)外(wai)交部向(xiang)駐京(jing)公(gong)(gong)使團領(ling)(ling)袖(xiu)意國(guo)公(gong)(gong)使提出(chu)抗(kang)議(yi)(yi):“為照會事(shi)(shi),據報告本年五(wu)月(yue)三十(shi)(shi)日上海各大學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)因為學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)被(bei)捕(bu)及工(gong)人(ren)受傷兩(liang)事(shi)(shi),在公(gong)(gong)共租界(jie)捕(bu)房(fang)門首游行演說,以(yi)(yi)示抗(kang)議(yi)(yi)。而(er)捕(bu)房(fang)竟以(yi)(yi)武力(li)干涉(she),捕(bu)去學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)四(si)十(shi)(shi)余人(ren),同時擊(ji)斃學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)四(si)名,擊(ji)傷學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)六(liu)名,已死(si)二名,路(lu)人(ren)受傷者十(shi)(shi)七名,死(si)亡三名等情(qing)況。本總長得悉(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)余,至(zhi)深駭異,似此(ci)不幸之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),應請貴公(gong)(gong)使特別(bie)注(zhu)意。查(cha)該(gai)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)等,均系(xi)青年子弟,熱(re)心愛國(guo),并(bing)不攜帶武器,無(wu)論其(qi)行為之(zhi)(zhi)性質如(ru)何,斷不能以(yi)(yi)暴(bao)徒(tu)待之(zhi)(zhi)。乃(nai)捕(bu)房(fang)未曾采(cai)取適當(dang)方法(fa),和平勸阻,遽用最激手段,實為人(ren)道(dao)及公(gong)(gong)理所不容,自應由租界(jie)官(guan)吏完(wan)全(quan)負責。為此(ci)本總長不得不向(xiang)貴公(gong)(gong)使提出(chu)最正式之(zhi)(zhi)抗(kang)議(yi)(yi),并(bing)聲明保留俟查(cha)明詳情(qing)后,再提出(chu)相當(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)要求,并(bing)請貴公(gong)(gong)使將前項情(qing)形轉達(da)駐京(jing)有關系(xi)各公(gong)(gong)使查(cha)照,迅飭上海領(ling)(ling)事(shi)(shi)團速將被(bei)捕(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)全(quan)行釋放,并(bing)就地與特派(pai)江(jiang)蘇交涉(she)員妥商辦理,免再發生(sheng)(sheng)此(ci)類情(qing)事(shi)(shi),是所至(zhi)盼(pan),須至(zhi)照會者。中(zhong)華(hua)民國(guo)外(wai)交總長沈瑞麟。中(zhong)華(hua)民國(guo)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年六(liu)月(yue)一日。”
6月(yue)4日(ri)公使(shi)團復函(han)竟婉拒中(zhong)國之(zhi)(zhi)抗(kang)(kang)議(yi)(yi),認為(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)租(zu)(zu)界(jie)當(dang)局已很寬大(da),于是(shi)北京外交部于4日(ri)再(zai)(zai)提(ti)第(di)二次抗(kang)(kang)議(yi)(yi):“為(wei)照會(hui)事(shi)(shi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)公共(gong)(gong)租(zu)(zu)界(jie)槍(qiang)擊華人(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)案,業經本(ben)(ben)總長(chang)于本(ben)(ben)月(yue)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)向貴公使(shi)提(ti)出抗(kang)(kang)議(yi)(yi),并(bing)請迅飭上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)領事(shi)(shi)團速將被捕之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)全(quan)行釋放,并(bing)就地與特派江蘇交涉員妥商辦理(li),免(mian)再(zai)(zai)發(fa)生此(ci)(ci)類(lei)情事(shi)(shi)在案。乃續(xu)據上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)報(bao)(bao)告(gao),租(zu)(zu)界(jie)捕房于本(ben)(ben)月(yue)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)復槍(qiang)斃三(san)人(ren)(ren),傷(shang)十八人(ren)(ren),其(qi)以前被捕之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),仍未完全(quan)釋放。又據報(bao)(bao)告(gao)所(suo)有(you)傷(shang)斃之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),槍(qiang)彈多(duo)從背入,巡(xun)捕無(wu)一(yi)(yi)死傷(shang),顯系任意轟擊,毫(hao)無(wu)理(li)由(you)(you)各等情。查(cha)公共(gong)(gong)租(zu)(zu)界(jie)官吏(li)出此(ci)(ci)激烈行為(wei),迫動公憤,致發(fa)生商工各界(jie)多(duo)數罷市罷工之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)效果,似此(ci)(ci)蔑視人(ren)(ren)道,自(zi)應(ying)由(you)(you)租(zu)(zu)界(jie)官吏(li)完全(quan)負責。為(wei)此(ci)(ci)本(ben)(ben)總長(chang)不(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)再(zai)(zai)向貴公使(shi)提(ti)出嚴(yan)重抗(kang)(kang)議(yi)(yi),并(bing)請轉達駐京有(you)關系各國公使(shi),迅電上(shang)(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)領事(shi)(shi)團立飭停止槍(qiang)擊,以免(mian)再(zai)(zai)肇慘禍,是(shi)為(wei)至要,須至照會(hui)者。”
6月(yue)6日(ri)公(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)團答(da)復(fu)仍不(bu)(bu)著邊際,北京外交(jiao)部再于6月(yue)11日(ri)提第三次之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抗議:“為照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)會事(shi),接準本(ben)月(yue)四日(ri)及(ji)六日(ri)來照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),內(nei)開貴公(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)及(ji)有關(guan)系各國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi),深愿對于此次上海不(bu)(bu)幸(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)故,與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)政府(fu)具同一和(he)(he)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀念,并準貴公(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)聲明,關(guan)于禁用武(wu)器一節,業經重行訓(xun)令上海公(gong)(gong)(gong)共租(zu)界(jie)捕(bu)(bu)房(fang)(fang)(fang),以后必采恪守各等因,本(ben)總長業經閱悉。惟查當初租(zu)界(jie)官(guan)吏(li)(li)所采取對于學生和(he)(he)平行動之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取締(di)辦法,系屬失當,毫無疑義。又(you)如(ru)五(wu)月(yue)三十日(ri)及(ji)六月(yue)一日(ri)等捕(bu)(bu)房(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉(ju)動,實可謂為激(ji)成(cheng)事(shi)變之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肇端。因老閘捕(bu)(bu)房(fang)(fang)(fang),既未預先鳴號,警(jing)告群眾,又(you)非如(ru)來照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)所稱(cheng),該(gai)捕(bu)(bu)房(fang)(fang)(fang)處于危(wei)在俄頃,不(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)用武(wu)器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境(jing)遇,竟(jing)貿然出此激(ji)烈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉(ju)動。故欲以上星期慘(can)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責任,諉諸一般(ban)和(he)(he)平行動并不(bu)(bu)攜帶(dai)武(wu)器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,而不(bu)(bu)由(you)租(zu)界(jie)官(guan)吏(li)(li)負之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),本(ben)總長絕(jue)對不(bu)(bu)能(neng)承認,仍當繼續抗議。中(zhong)國(guo)政府(fu)鑒于此次案情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嚴(yan)重,民(min)情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悲憤,僉以為租(zu)界(jie)官(guan)吏(li)(li),至(zhi)少須(xu)自(zi)動的先行取消當地戒嚴(yan)令,撤退海軍陸戰隊,并解(jie)除(chu)商(shang)團及(ji)巡捕(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)裝,釋放被(bei)(bei)捕(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人及(ji)恢復(fu)被(bei)(bei)封與(yu)占據各學校之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原狀(zhuang),庶上海地方,得(de)于最短時(shi)間(jian)內(nei),自(zi)然停止非常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)態。而來照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)所稱(cheng)同具和(he)(he)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀念,亦足以資證明,以便進行交(jiao)涉(she)。為此照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)會貴公(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi)查照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao),希即轉達有關(guan)系各國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)使(shi),飭知駐滬(hu)領事(shi)團,遵照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)辦理(li)。是所至(zhi)盼(pan),須(xu)至(zhi)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)會者。”
在帝國主義(yi)和買(mai)辦資(zi)產(chan)階(jie)級威脅利誘下,民(min)族資(zi)產(chan)階(jie)級開始動搖(yao)。6月26日,商界停止罷市,破壞了反(fan)帝統(tong)一(yi)戰線(xian)。工(gong)(gong)人(ren)罷工(gong)(gong)堅持了3個多月。中國共產(chan)黨(dang)和總工(gong)(gong)會(hui)為了保存力量和鞏固(gu)已(yi)有(you)的(de)勝利,決定停止總同盟罷工(gong)(gong),到(dao)八九月間(jian)各業工(gong)(gong)人(ren)逐(zhu)漸(jian)復工(gong)(gong)。
自五卅(sa)慘(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)發生(sheng)(sheng)后,舉國同憤(fen)。但(dan)英國仍繼(ji)續援(yuan)用武力壓(ya)迫(po)政(zheng)策(ce)。6月(yue)11日(ri)(ri)漢(han)(han)口(kou)慘(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)發生(sheng)(sheng),6月(yue)13日(ri)(ri)九江沖(chong)突發生(sheng)(sheng),6月(yue)23日(ri)(ri)沙(sha)(sha)基慘(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)發生(sheng)(sheng),7月(yue)2日(ri)(ri)重(zhong)慶慘(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)發生(sheng)(sheng),7月(yue)31日(ri)(ri)南京(jing)慘(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)發生(sheng)(sheng)。其中最嚴重(zhong)的(de)沖(chong)突為廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州發生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)沙(sha)(sha)基慘(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)。自五卅(sa)慘(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)、漢(han)(han)口(kou)慘(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)相(xiang)繼(ji)發生(sheng)(sheng)后,6月(yue)21日(ri)(ri)香(xiang)港(gang)與廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州沙(sha)(sha)面(mian)之華工(gong)同時總(zong)罷(ba)工(gong),香(xiang)港(gang)重(zhong)要事(shi)業多(duo)呈停頓(dun)狀(zhuang)態。香(xiang)港(gang)及(ji)沙(sha)(sha)面(mian)的(de)英人且作軍事(shi)準備,以(yi)圖(tu)壓(ya)制。6月(yue)23日(ri)(ri)廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州各(ge)界7萬余人在廣(guang)(guang)(guang)州政(zheng)府(fu)領導下(xia)為滬(hu)、漢(han)(han)死難烈(lie)士開追悼會,當(dang)(dang)場(chang)提出(chu)廢除不平等條約,為解決(jue)慘(can)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)之根本辦法。會后舉行(xing)大(da)游行(xing),工(gong)商(shang)各(ge)界在先(xian),學生(sheng)(sheng)及(ji)黃(huang)埔軍校學生(sheng)(sheng)隨后,于下(xia)午3時行(xing)抵沙(sha)(sha)基對岸,當(dang)(dang)時英兵(bing)方嚴陣以(yi)待,遽向群眾射(she)擊,同時停泊在白鵝灘(tan)的(de)英兵(bing)艦也(ye)發炮助威(wei),當(dang)(dang)場(chang)死傷軍民二百余人,慘(can)禍之烈(lie),過于滬(hu)漢(han)(han)。
五(wu)卅運(yun)動(dong)(dong)沉(chen)重打擊了(le)(le)(le)帝國(guo)主義,對中(zhong)(zhong)華民族的覺醒(xing)和國(guo)民革(ge)命運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的發展(zhan)起了(le)(le)(le)巨大(da)的推動(dong)(dong)作用(yong),大(da)大(da)提高(gao)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人民的覺悟,揭(jie)開(kai)了(le)(le)(le)大(da)革(ge)命高(gao)潮的序幕。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產黨(dang)在領導五(wu)卅運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的斗爭(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)受到很大(da)鍛煉(lian),培養造(zao)就了(le)(le)(le)一大(da)批干部,黨(dang)組織也得到極大(da)發展(zhan),在斗爭(zheng)實踐中(zhong)(zhong)總結了(le)(le)(le)寶貴的經驗,為(wei)以后黨(dang)領導大(da)規模的群眾斗爭(zheng)奠定了(le)(le)(le)基礎。