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反饋
泛指(zhi)“北(bei)大(da)(da)荒”地(di)域內所(suo)種植收獲(huo)的大(da)(da)米(mi)，比(bi)東北(bei)大(da)(da)米(mi)更加具(ju)有地(di)域局限性，同屬“東北(bei)大(da)(da)米(mi)”。生長周期(qi)在180天左右，為其提供了得天獨(du)(du)厚的自然(ran)條件(jian)，陽光雨露充足，又(you)種植在極(ji)肥沃的黑土壤中，富含豐富氮、磷、鉀(jia)等(deng)多(duo)種礦(kuang)物元(yuan)素(su)，極(ji)其符合稻米(mi)生長的要(yao)求(qiu)，以(yi)純凈(jing)無污染(ran)的河水或井水灌溉，獨(du)(du)特地(di)域優勢，保證了大(da)(da)米(mi)獨(du)(du)有的品質。
顆粒飽滿，質(zhi)地堅(jian)硬，色(se)澤清白透明。
飯粒油亮，香味濃郁。
蒸煮后出飯(fan)率高，粘性較(jiao)小，米質較(jiao)脆。
有豐(feng)富(fu)的蛋白(bai)質(zhi)、脂(zhi)肪、維生素(su)、礦物(wu)質(zhi)等營(ying)養物(wu)質(zhi)。
橫斷(duan)面呈扁圓形，顏色白色透(tou)(tou)明(ming)的較多(duo)，也有半透(tou)(tou)明(ming)和不透(tou)(tou)明(ming)的。
北大(da)荒的(de)(de)水稻(dao)(dao)耕種(zhong)面積達2400萬畝，約占全(quan)黑(hei)龍江省播種(zhong)面積的(de)(de)50%。其(qi)黑(hei)土(tu)有機質(zhi)(zhi)含量大(da)約是黃土(tu)的(de)(de)十倍，人們(men)總用“一兩(liang)(liang)土(tu)二兩(liang)(liang)油(you)”來形容它的(de)(de)肥沃與珍貴。有地質(zhi)(zhi)專家指出，每(mei)形成(cheng)一公分厚(hou)黑(hei)土(tu)需時200～400年(nian)，而(er)北大(da)荒的(de)(de)黑(hei)土(tu)厚(hou)度則達到了1米。黑(hei)土(tu)的(de)(de)pH值為(wei)5.0～6.0，土(tu)壤有機質(zhi)(zhi)含量較高，蓄(xu)水保水能力(li)較好，是北大(da)荒成(cheng)為(wei)世(shi)界上緯度最高的(de)(de)寒地水稻(dao)(dao)種(zhong)植帶的(de)(de)重要原(yuan)因。
從(cong)第(di)一批(pi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)農場創(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)到1978年底，北(bei)(bei)大荒(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一次創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)經(jing)歷了(le)三個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)：艱苦(ku)創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)階(jie)段(duan)、快速發(fa)展階(jie)段(duan)和(he)曲折前進階(jie)段(duan)。在(zai)計劃經(jing)濟(ji)體制下，北(bei)(bei)大荒(huang)人高舉“向地球開戰(zhan)，向荒(huang)原(yuan)要糧”的(de)(de)(de)(de)旗(qi)幟，以(yi)(yi)大規模開發(fa)建(jian)設為(wei)重點，以(yi)(yi)向國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家提供商品糧為(wei)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，開始(shi)了(le)前無古(gu)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)偉(wei)大創(chuang)(chuang)業(ye)(ye)實踐，實現(xian)了(le)從(cong)北(bei)(bei)大荒(huang)到北(bei)(bei)大倉的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史巨變，創(chuang)(chuang)造了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)乃至世(shi)界墾(ken)殖(zhi)史上的(de)(de)(de)(de)偉(wei)大奇跡，推動了(le)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農墾(ken)事業(ye)(ye)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空前發(fa)展。
這(zhe)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)由(you)開(kai)始創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)到(dao)(dao)(dao)初(chu)具(ju)規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)10年(nian)(nian)。特(te)(te)別(bie)是(shi)新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立(li)后，掀起(qi)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)波瀾壯(zhuang)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)拓(tuo)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)大(da)(da)潮，北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)建設(she)(she)進(jin)入了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)階段。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)階段發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)了(le)(le)六(liu)件具(ju)有重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)影響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)事(shi)：一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)黨中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)發(fa)(fa)出“建立(li)鞏(gong)固的(de)(de)(de)(de)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)根(gen)據地(di)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)指(zhi)示(shi)，開(kai)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)處女(nv)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)鋒們創(chuang)建了(le)(le)寧安、通北(bei)(bei)(bei)和(he)趙光等(deng)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批國(guo)(guo)營機械(xie)(xie)化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，為我(wo)國(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)別(bie)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)闖出了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條路子。二(er)(er)(er)是(shi)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)軍(jun)(jun)委和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)關懷下，革命殘廢(fei)軍(jun)(jun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)以驚人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)毅力創(chuang)建了(le)(le)伊拉(la)哈、伏爾(er)(er)基河等(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批榮軍(jun)(jun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，有力地(di)推動(dong)(dong)了(le)(le)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。三是(shi)以安置被解放的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)民(min)黨軍(jun)(jun)官勞動(dong)(dong)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)為目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)東北(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)區創(chuang)建了(le)(le)寶泉嶺(ling)、二(er)(er)(er)龍山(shan)和(he)筆架(jia)山(shan)等(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批解放團(tuan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，為后來發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)為具(ju)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械(xie)(xie)化(hua)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)奠(dian)定(ding)了(le)(le)基礎。四是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)解放軍(jun)(jun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)建二(er)(er)(er)師成(cheng)建制移墾(ken)(ken)(ken)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)，以團(tuan)為單位創(chuang)建了(le)(le)二(er)(er)(er)九○、二(er)(er)(er)九一(yi)(yi)(yi)等(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)建二(er)(er)(er)師農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)并就(jiu)地(di)集體轉(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，開(kai)創(chuang)了(le)(le)世界軍(jun)(jun)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)史上調動(dong)(dong)整建制軍(jun)(jun)隊進(jin)行(xing)屯墾(ken)(ken)(ken)戌邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)河。五(wu)(wu)是(shi)按(an)照國(guo)(guo)務院關于建立(li)國(guo)(guo)營友誼農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)決定(ding)，利用蘇聯人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)援助的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械(xie)(xie)設(she)(she)備，創(chuang)建了(le)(le)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)用先(xian)進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機械(xie)(xie)裝備起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)營農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，對我(wo)國(guo)(guo)特(te)(te)別(bie)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)產生(sheng)了(le)(le)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)影響(xiang)。六(liu)是(shi)在(zai)時(shi)任鐵(tie)(tie)道(dao)(dao)兵(bing)司令員的(de)(de)(de)(de)王震將軍(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)倡導下，鐵(tie)(tie)道(dao)(dao)兵(bing)9個(ge)(ge)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)復轉(zhuan)官兵(bing)開(kai)赴北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)，創(chuang)建了(le)(le)八五(wu)(wu)○、八五(wu)(wu)二(er)(er)(er)等(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批綜(zong)合性(xing)半機械(xie)(xie)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)道(dao)(dao)兵(bing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)并成(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)鐵(tie)(tie)道(dao)(dao)兵(bing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)局，為北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)東部地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)建設(she)(she)奠(dian)定(ding)了(le)(le)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)基礎。在(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)建設(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)，青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)支重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)力軍(jun)(jun)。在(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)后期，楊(yang)華等(deng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)批北(bei)(bei)(bei)京青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)，響(xiang)應黨中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)號召(zhao)奔(ben)赴北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)，揭開(kai)了(le)(le)全國(guo)(guo)支邊(bian)青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)志愿墾(ken)(ken)(ken)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)序幕。在(zai)短短兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)多月的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間里(li)，全國(guo)(guo)19個(ge)(ge)省、16個(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)城(cheng)市、2000多名青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)先(xian)后來到(dao)(dao)(dao)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)，創(chuang)建了(le)(le)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京莊(zhuang)、天津莊(zhuang)、河北(bei)(bei)(bei)莊(zhuang)、哈爾(er)(er)濱莊(zhuang)等(deng)青(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)集體農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)莊(zhuang)，為北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)建設(she)(she)增(zeng)(zeng)添了(le)(le)新鮮(xian)血液(ye)。據史料記(ji)載，1956年(nian)(nian)與初(chu)創(chuang)時(shi)相比(bi)，墾(ken)(ken)(ken)區國(guo)(guo)營農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)由(you)15個(ge)(ge)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)(dao)(dao)96個(ge)(ge)，耕地(di)面積(ji)由(you)41萬(wan)畝(mu)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)(dao)(dao)457萬(wan)畝(mu)，機械(xie)(xie)總動(dong)(dong)力由(you)1.1萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)6.2萬(wan)千(qian)瓦(wa)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)職工由(you)3900人(ren)(ren)(ren)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)(dao)(dao)4.65萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，年(nian)(nian)糧食總產由(you)2400萬(wan)斤(jin)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)(dao)(dao)4.54億斤(jin)，年(nian)(nian)工農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總產值由(you)236萬(wan)元增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)到(dao)(dao)(dao)5263萬(wan)元。
這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)事業(ye)由(you)初具規(gui)模到快(kuai)(kuai)速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)10年(nian)(nian)。隨著黨(dang)(dang)在(zai)過(guo)渡時(shi)期總路線的(de)(de)(de)貫徹執行，全國(guo)(guo)(guo)掀起了(le)(le)(le)(le)轟轟烈(lie)烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)新高潮，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)也進(jin)(jin)入了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)新階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。這(zhe)個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)八件(jian)具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要影響的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)召開(kai)(kai)第(di)一(yi)(yi)次全國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)會議，討論通過(guo)第(di)二個(ge)五年(nian)(nian)計劃中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)總體規(gui)劃，對東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)、西北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)(he)華南地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)規(gui)模墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)做出了(le)(le)(le)(le)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)部(bu)署(shu)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委(wei)(wei)發(fa)(fa)出《關于動(dong)員十萬(wan)(wan)干部(bu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)復(fu)(fu)員參加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示》，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央成(cheng)(cheng)都會議通過(guo)《關于發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)意見》，充分肯(ken)定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)(le)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)在(zai)屯墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)戌邊(bian)等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要作(zuo)用。三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)按照黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央和(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)(lve)部(bu)署(shu)，王(wang)震將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)親率(lv)10萬(wan)(wan)復(fu)(fu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)官(guan)兵(bing)挺(ting)進(jin)(jin)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)，在(zai)三(san)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)上展(zhan)開(kai)(kai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)規(gui)模宏大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)戰(zhan)斗，創建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)川農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)、名(ming)山(shan)(shan)、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)濱(bin)和(he)(he)(he)延軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)等(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)批國(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)躍進(jin)(jin)”和(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)村人(ren)民公(gong)社化(hua)運動(dong)，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)60年(nian)(nian)代初期的(de)(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)然災害，使(shi)加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)事業(ye)遇到了(le)(le)(le)(le)暫時(shi)困難。五是(shi)(shi)(shi)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)局(ju)召開(kai)(kai)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)區(qu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)會議，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)明確國(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)方針是(shi)(shi)(shi)“以(yi)糧(liang)為綱(gang)、農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)并(bing)舉(ju)、多種(zhong)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)”，并(bing)做出“調整(zheng)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)內部(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)關系(xi)不適應(ying)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分”等(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)系(xi)列重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)決定(ding)，在(zai)當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)情況下為國(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)順(shun)利(li)地(di)進(jin)(jin)行調整(zheng)和(he)(he)(he)提(ti)高指(zhi)明了(le)(le)(le)(le)方向。六(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)批準黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省設(she)(she)(she)立(li)農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)廳，下設(she)(she)(she)九三(san)、趙光(guang)、查(cha)哈陽和(he)(he)(he)紅色(se)草原(yuan)(yuan)農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)局(ju)等(deng)(deng)派(pai)出機(ji)構(gou)，并(bing)把其它地(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)省屬(shu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)劃歸省農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)廳，加(jia)強了(le)(le)(le)(le)省委(wei)(wei)、省政府對地(di)方國(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)統一(yi)(yi)領(ling)導。七(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)黨(dang)(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)(yuan)決定(ding)合(he)并(bing)合(he)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)(he)牡(mu)丹(dan)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)局(ju)，成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)農(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)總局(ju)（局(ju)址設(she)(she)(she)在(zai)佳木斯市，下轄蘿北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)和(he)(he)(he)虎林(lin)(lin)兩個(ge)分局(ju)），進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)加(jia)強了(le)(le)(le)(le)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)三(san)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)平(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)商品(pin)糧(liang)基(ji)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導。八是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)民解放(fang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)沈陽軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)區(qu)所(suo)屬(shu)部(bu)隊(dui)萬(wan)(wan)余名(ming)官(guan)兵(bing)，即“六(liu)六(liu)·三(san)”復(fu)(fu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)官(guan)兵(bing)分批到全省29個(ge)農(nong)(nong)牧(mu)場(chang)(chang)插隊(dui)，組建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)兵(bing)團(tuan)農(nong)(nong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)第(di)一(yi)(yi)師(shi)（黑河農(nong)(nong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)師(shi)）和(he)(he)(he)第(di)二師(shi)（合(he)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)農(nong)(nong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)師(shi)），為后來黑龍江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)兵(bing)團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)奠定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)基(ji)礎。這(zhe)個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，也包括一(yi)(yi)批勞(lao)改農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)。自(zi)1950年(nian)(nian)松江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省公(gong)安廳在(zai)湯原(yuan)(yuan)縣創建(jian)(jian)(jian)第(di)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)勞(lao)改農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)起，到60年(nian)(nian)代初先后建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)密山(shan)(shan)、興凱湖、尾山(shan)(shan)、長水(shui)河等(deng)(deng)38個(ge)勞(lao)改農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)人(ren)以(yi)寬闊的(de)(de)(de)胸懷(huai)，接納(na)了(le)(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)些農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)改犯人(ren)，并(bing)用黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)政策對他們實行了(le)(le)(le)(le)勞(lao)動(dong)改造(zao)。在(zai)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要影響的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，王(wang)震將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)親率(lv)10萬(wan)(wan)復(fu)(fu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)官(guan)兵(bing)挺(ting)進(jin)(jin)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)，堪稱是(shi)(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)史上最為壯麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)頁。在(zai)10萬(wan)(wan)復(fu)(fu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)官(guan)兵(bing)挺(ting)進(jin)(jin)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，一(yi)(yi)批大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)專院(yuan)(yuan)校畢業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)有(you)經(jing)(jing)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)教師(shi)、醫生(sheng)(sheng)、記者，以(yi)及在(zai)反右斗爭(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)直屬(shu)機(ji)關被錯劃的(de)(de)(de)1500名(ming)“右派(pai)分子”相繼(ji)來到北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)著名(ming)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)艾青，著名(ming)戲劇家(jia)(jia)吳祖光(guang)、李荒(huang)(huang)(huang)燕(yan)，著名(ming)作(zuo)家(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)(he)畫家(jia)(jia)聶紺弩(nu)、丁玲、丁聰等(deng)(deng)人(ren)，這(zhe)些拓荒(huang)(huang)(huang)者為北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)做出了(le)(le)(le)(le)應(ying)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)貢獻。經(jing)(jing)過(guo)這(zhe)個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，在(zai)縱(zong)橫千里的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)批國(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)，成(cheng)(cheng)為國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)商品(pin)糧(liang)基(ji)地(di)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)海內外聞名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)“北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)倉”。到1966年(nian)(nian)，墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)實現糧(liang)豆(dou)總產(chan)23億斤(jin)，比1956年(nian)(nian)增長4倍多；向國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)提(ti)供商品(pin)糧(liang)11.4億斤(jin)，比1956年(nian)(nian)增長3.7倍。在(zai)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)糧(liang)食生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)，修建(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)密山(shan)(shan)至虎林(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)(de)鐵路，開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)了(le)(le)(le)(le)完達山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)林(lin)(lin)區(qu)，加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)林(lin)(lin)牧(mu)副漁業(ye)等(deng)(deng)多種(zhong)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)實現工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)總產(chan)值(zhi)3.7億元，比1956年(nian)(nian)增長6倍多。1964年(nian)(nian)7月，國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)副主席董必武(wu)視察墾(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)(ken)區(qu)時(shi)，曾題(ti)詩(shi)(shi)贊頌(song)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)：“斬(zhan)棘披(pi)荊憶老兵(bing)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)已變(bian)(bian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)糧(liang)屯”。
這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)(zai)遭(zao)受嚴重(zhong)(zhong)挫折中(zhong)(zhong)奮力向前(qian)推進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12年(nian)(nian)。正(zheng)當(dang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)蓬勃發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，“文化(hua)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)革(ge)命”這(zhe)場(chang)(chang)(chang)長(chang)(chang)達10年(nian)(nian)之久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浩劫席(xi)卷全(quan)(quan)國(guo)。隨(sui)著“文化(hua)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)革(ge)命”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，“左”傾錯誤思(si)潮泛濫，對墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沖擊也(ye)愈演愈烈。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1968年(nian)(nian)，整個(ge)(ge)(ge)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)總(zong)(zong)局(ju)和(he)省農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)廳(ting)所屬農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)牧場(chang)(chang)(chang)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)礦企業(ye)(ye)(ye)，從(cong)領(ling)導體制、經(jing)營(ying)管理方(fang)式(shi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)各(ge)(ge)項規章制度(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)被(bei)全(quan)(quan)盤否(fou)定(ding)，一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)富有(you)(you)經(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導干(gan)部(bu)(bu)被(bei)批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)斗，致使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)遭(zao)受了(le)(le)(le)(le)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)挫折。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)階段發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)四件具有(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)：一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)兵(bing)團正(zheng)式(shi)成(cheng)立(li)和(he)撤消。1968年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)18日(ri)，根據黨中(zhong)(zhong)央及軍委(wei)指(zhi)示(shi)組建(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人民(min)解放軍黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)兵(bing)團，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)任務(wu)是(shi)(shi)屯墾(ken)(ken)戌(xu)邊：保衛(wei)邊疆(jiang)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)邊疆(jiang)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。隨(sui)著黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)兵(bing)團的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組建(jian)(jian)，一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)國(guo)營(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)勞改(gai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)相(xiang)(xiang)繼(ji)(ji)被(bei)軍隊(dui)接管。1976年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)25日(ri)，經(jing)國(guo)務(wu)院和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)央軍委(wei)批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)準(zhun)，撤消黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)兵(bing)團，在(zai)(zai)佳木斯市成(cheng)立(li)黑(hei)(hei)龍(long)江(jiang)省國(guo)營(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)總(zong)(zong)局(ju)，下設(she)(she)(she)寶泉嶺、紅(hong)興隆等(deng)(deng)(deng)11個(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)營(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)管理局(ju)，為墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)經(jing)濟(ji)和(he)社(she)會發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)帶來了(le)(le)(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)。二(er)是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)城(cheng)市知(zhi)識(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)赴北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)和(he)返(fan)城(cheng)。從(cong)1968年(nian)(nian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1971年(nian)(nian)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)京、天津、上海、杭(hang)州(zhou)和(he)哈爾濱等(deng)(deng)(deng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)(zhong)城(cheng)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)識(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)，紛(fen)紛(fen)響應毛主(zhu)(zhu)席(xi)“知(zhi)識(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村去，接受貧(pin)下中(zhong)(zhong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)再教(jiao)育”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)號召相(xiang)(xiang)繼(ji)(ji)開(kai)(kai)赴北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)城(cheng)市知(zhi)識(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)來到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，提(ti)高了(le)(le)(le)(le)墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)素質，為北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)增(zeng)(zeng)添(tian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)新(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)力量，特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技術改(gai)進(jin)(jin)和(he)文教(jiao)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，以及職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)思(si)想觀念和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)起了(le)(le)(le)(le)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用。自1981年(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始，由(you)于國(guo)家落實政(zheng)策(ce)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)知(zhi)識(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)陸續返(fan)城(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)艱苦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環境中(zhong)(zhong)，廣大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)知(zhi)識(shi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)年(nian)(nian)得到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)嚴格鍛煉，后(hou)來有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)少人脫穎而出成(cheng)為全(quan)(quan)國(guo)各(ge)(ge)行各(ge)(ge)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)杰(jie)出人物，有(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)分人成(cheng)為國(guo)家各(ge)(ge)級黨政(zheng)機(ji)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棟梁之才。三(san)是(shi)(shi)兵(bing)團新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)第六(liu)師(shi)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)三(san)江(jiang)平(ping)原(yuan)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)撫遠(yuan)(yuan)荒(huang)(huang)原(yuan)。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)，將原(yuan)第三(san)師(shi)所屬二(er)十七團等(deng)(deng)(deng)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)團場(chang)(chang)(chang)，歸屬新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)第六(liu)師(shi)作(zuo)為基地(di)和(he)依托，搶修并沿(yan)著二(er)龍(long)山(shan)至撫遠(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“二(er)撫”公路(lu)“二(er)戰荒(huang)(huang)原(yuan)”，新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)六(liu)十團（前(qian)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)）、六(liu)十一(yi)(yi)團（創業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)）等(deng)(deng)(deng)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)團場(chang)(chang)(chang)。四是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)社(she)會保障(zhang)體系(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)小(xiao)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)兵(bing)團成(cheng)立(li)后(hou)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)小(xiao)社(she)會得到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅糧油和(he)副(fu)食供應，以及文教(jiao)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)勞保福利(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)可以自給自足，就是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)許多方(fang)面，如(ru)交通、通信、科研和(he)廣播電視(shi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)也(ye)都自成(cheng)網絡，逐步形成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)140多個(ge)(ge)(ge)具有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)小(xiao)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雛形。特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)由(you)于當(dang)時(shi)(shi)戰備(bei)形勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)，墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)在(zai)(zai)交通和(he)通信等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)有(you)(you)很大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，為進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)三(san)江(jiang)平(ping)原(yuan)鋪平(ping)了(le)(le)(le)(le)道路(lu)，并為90年(nian)(nian)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加快發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)奠定(ding)了(le)(le)(le)(le)基礎。盡管由(you)于“文化(hua)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)革(ge)命”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)遭(zao)受了(le)(le)(le)(le)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)挫折，勞動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)率大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)幅度(du)(du)下降(jiang)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)狀況(kuang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)惡化(hua)，但(dan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)人發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)揚(yang)艱苦奮斗精神，堅韌(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)拔地(di)把農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)(ken)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)推向了(le)(le)(le)(le)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)標志是(shi)(shi)：農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)規模(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)擴大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)。1978年(nian)(nian)，墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)耕地(di)總(zong)(zong)面積達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2723.4萬(wan)畝，比(bi)(bi)1966年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)42.5%；實現(xian)糧豆總(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)46.9億(yi)斤，比(bi)(bi)1966年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)51.3%。畜牧業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)牲畜存欄達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)15.1萬(wan)頭，比(bi)(bi)1966年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)31.3%。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)形成(cheng)相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)規模(mo)，中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)型工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)737個(ge)(ge)(ge)，實現(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)總(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值6.3億(yi)元(yuan)，比(bi)(bi)1966年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang)(chang)3倍。特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)先后(hou)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)和(he)擴建(jian)(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)制糖、釀酒、造(zao)紙、奶制品和(he)面粉加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)，改(gai)變(bian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)單(dan)一(yi)(yi)經(jing)營(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局(ju)面。
經過一次創(chuang)業的偉大(da)實(shi)踐，北(bei)大(da)荒已變成名副其實(shi)的北(bei)大(da)倉，人們(men)千百(bai)年來的夢想(xiang)終(zhong)于(yu)成為現(xian)實(shi)。
開(kai)拓前(qian)進中(zhong)跨越(yue)發展(zhan)。以(yi)黨的(de)十一(yi)屆(jie)三(san)中(zhong)全會為轉(zhuan)折點(dian)，北大荒(huang)農(nong)墾事業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)也進入了一(yi)個(ge)新的(de)歷史時期(qi)——二次(ci)創業(ye)(ye)。經(jing)(jing)歷了三(san)個(ge)階段：試(shi)驗探索階段、深刻(ke)變革階段和(he)(he)開(kai)拓前(qian)進階段。這三(san)個(ge)階段的(de)二次(ci)創業(ye)(ye)，是(shi)北大荒(huang)人在計劃經(jing)(jing)濟向(xiang)市場經(jing)(jing)濟轉(zhuan)軌過程(cheng)中(zhong)，高舉“解放思想，事實(shi)(shi)求是(shi)，深化改革，擴大開(kai)放”的(de)旗(qi)幟，以(yi)突破體制性(xing)障礙和(he)(he)解決結構(gou)性(xing)矛盾為主，以(yi)實(shi)(shi)現兩個(ge)根本性(xing)轉(zhuan)變和(he)(he)加快農(nong)業(ye)(ye)現代(dai)化建設(she)為目的(de)，所(suo)進行的(de)一(yi)次(ci)具(ju)有開(kai)拓性(xing)的(de)偉大創業(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)踐。
主要特點是：以解放思想為(wei)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)導，積極進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)試(shi)驗探索(suo)，調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)傳統(tong)(tong)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)模式，改革(ge)經(jing)(jing)濟管理(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，由封閉逐(zhu)步(bu)走向開(kai)放，為(wei)加(jia)快發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)提(ti)供動(dong)力(li)。這(zhe)個(ge)階段(duan)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)四件具有重要影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)事(shi)：一(yi)是調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)商綜合經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)。墾(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)從(cong)(cong)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)入手，實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)商綜合經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步(bu)改變(bian)單(dan)一(yi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)局面(mian)。通(tong)過(guo)調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)，初(chu)步(bu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)林牧(mu)副(fu)漁(yu)全面(mian)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)商綜合經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)，使墾(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)經(jing)(jing)濟逐(zhu)步(bu)走上(shang)了(le)(le)(le)區(qu)(qu)(qu)域化(hua)布局、專業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、集約化(hua)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)、系列(lie)化(hua)服務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軌道(dao)。二是實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)開(kai)放，建(jian)立農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)窗口(kou)。在我國實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)改革(ge)開(kai)放的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前夕，北(bei)大(da)荒(huang)人(ren)(ren)就從(cong)(cong)美(mei)(mei)國約翰迪爾公(gong)司引進(jin)(jin)一(yi)套先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)設備(bei)，裝(zhuang)備(bei)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)基礎較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)友誼(yi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)五分(fen)場(chang)(chang)(chang)第二生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)隊，使每個(ge)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧(liang)豆達到42.3萬(wan)(wan)斤。1980年，墾(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)與(yu)日本日綿實(shi)(shi)(shi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)株式會社，實(shi)(shi)(shi)施了(le)(le)(le)在三江平原開(kai)發(fa)(fa)30萬(wan)(wan)畝耕地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)豆補(bu)償貿(mao)易項(xiang)目；從(cong)(cong)日美(mei)(mei)引進(jin)(jin)價值1126.4萬(wan)(wan)美(mei)(mei)元(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)備(bei)，新建(jian)了(le)(le)(le)具有較(jiao)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洪(hong)河農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。1981至1983年，墾(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)用世界(jie)銀行(xing)(xing)貸(dai)款(kuan)開(kai)荒(huang)300萬(wan)(wan)畝，并達成“黑龍(long)江農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)項(xiang)目”協儀，引進(jin)(jin)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)大(da)批先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)。這(zhe)些農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)窗口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)立,受到了(le)(le)(le)黨(dang)和國家(jia)(jia)領(ling)導人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高度重視，鄧小平、李先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)念、胡耀邦、王(wang)震等先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)后到墾(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)視察，對(dui)(dui)墾(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)引進(jin)(jin)和吸收國外(wai)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)技術(shu)，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)和現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)給予了(le)(le)(le)充分(fen)肯定。三是實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)財務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)包(bao)干(gan)，變(bian)革(ge)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)管理(li)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。1979年2月，國務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院決定從(cong)(cong)1979年到1985年對(dui)(dui)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)以“獨立核算(suan)，自(zi)負盈(ying)虧，虧損(sun)不補(bu)，利(li)潤(run)(run)用于發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)，資金(jin)不足可以貸(dai)款(kuan)”為(wei)主要內容(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)包(bao)干(gan)。這(zhe)個(ge)辦(ban)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)，在財務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)管理(li)上(shang)沖破了(le)(le)(le)多(duo)年來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)統(tong)(tong)收統(tong)(tong)支制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，較(jiao)好地解決了(le)(le)(le)長(chang)期存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)吃國家(jia)(jia)“大(da)鍋飯”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，大(da)幅度提(ti)高了(le)(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟效(xiao)益。實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)財務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)包(bao)干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)年，墾(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)利(li)潤(run)(run)1006萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)，比(bi)1978年扭虧增盈(ying)12111萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)，以后又連續多(duo)年盈(ying)利(li)。四是實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)承包(bao)責(ze)(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，試(shi)辦(ban)職工(gong)(gong)家(jia)(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)。1979年2月，墾(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)開(kai)始(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)基本工(gong)(gong)資加(jia)獎勵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)責(ze)(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，后來又改為(wei)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)“包(bao)、定、獎（賠）”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)責(ze)(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。從(cong)(cong)1981年開(kai)始(shi)，墾(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)行(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)責(ze)(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)浮動(dong)工(gong)(gong)資相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)法(fa)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)隊實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)“整(zheng)(zheng)體承包(bao)，統(tong)(tong)一(yi)核算(suan)，利(li)潤(run)(run)分(fen)成，虧損(sun)受罰”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)責(ze)(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。1982年2月，墾(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)開(kai)始(shi)試(shi)行(xing)(xing)以機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)(xie)化(hua)作業(ye)(ye)(ye)為(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)聯合承包(bao)，部分(fen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)單(dan)獨承包(bao)或車(che)組承包(bao)。這(zhe)一(yi)系列(lie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)責(ze)(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)，較(jiao)好地解決了(le)(le)(le)長(chang)期存在的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)職工(gong)(gong)吃企業(ye)(ye)(ye)“大(da)鍋飯”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)承包(bao)責(ze)(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，墾(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)分(fen)離農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)勞(lao)動(dong)力(li)6萬(wan)(wan)多(duo)人(ren)(ren)，為(wei)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)多(duo)種經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)創造了(le)(le)(le)條件。1984年初(chu)，借鑒農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村改革(ge)成功(gong)經(jing)(jing)驗，墾(ken)區(qu)(qu)(qu)開(kai)始(shi)試(shi)辦(ban)一(yi)批家(jia)(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，從(cong)(cong)而(er)在農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)上(shang)找(zhao)到了(le)(le)(le)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突破口(kou)。
這個階段(duan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)特(te)點是：墾區經濟(ji)體制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)，由試驗探索轉(zhuan)向能動推進，由單項(xiang)突破轉(zhuan)向配套(tao)實施。在經濟(ji)體制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)進一步(bu)深化，不斷(duan)取得突破性進展的(de)(de)同時，墾區社會生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)力水平明顯提高。這個階段(duan)發生(sheng)了(le)四件具有(you)重要(yao)影響的(de)(de)大(da)事：一是建立大(da)農(nong)場(chang)套(tao)小農(nong)場(chang)的(de)(de)雙(shuang)層經營體制(zhi)。1985年初，墾區興(xing)辦家庭農(nong)場(chang)工作全(quan)面鋪開，逐(zhu)步(bu)推行(xing)了(le)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)活(huo)費用由“兩借”變為“兩自(zi)”的(de)(de)改(gai)革(ge)，在興(xing)辦以(yi)家庭農(nong)場(chang)為主(zhu)的(de)(de)小農(nong)
場(chang)的同時，國(guo)營(ying)農(nong)場(chang)（大農(nong)場(chang)）強化(hua)統(tong)一(yi)經營(ying)功(gong)能，初步建(jian)立(li)了國(guo)營(ying)農(nong)場(chang)統(tong)一(yi)經營(ying)和(he)家庭(ting)農(nong)場(chang)分散經營(ying)相結合的大農(nong)場(chang)套小農(nong)場(chang)的雙(shuang)層經營(ying)體制。二是(shi)實行場(chang)（廠）長負(fu)責制和(he)承包經營(ying)責
任制。從1984年下半年開(kai)始，墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)場(chang)(chang)（廠）長負責(ze)(ze)制試點，到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1988年試點單位達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)企業總數的(de)(de)(de)60%以(yi)(yi)上。90年代初期，墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)全面(mian)推行(xing)多種形(xing)式的(de)(de)(de)承包(bao)經營責(ze)(ze)任制，實(shi)行(xing)了(le)企業所有權和經營權的(de)(de)(de)分離(li)。墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)大力推進(jin)(jin)企業內部“三項(xiang)制度”改革(ge)(ge)，逐步建(jian)(jian)立了(le)“干部能(neng)上能(neng)下，職(zhi)工能(neng)進(jin)(jin)能(neng)出(chu)，收入能(neng)高能(neng)低”的(de)(de)(de)競爭機(ji)制。三是實(shi)行(xing)以(yi)(yi)“四(si)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)戶、兩自理(li)”為(wei)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業改革(ge)(ge)。1992年，鄧小平同(tong)志(zhi)(zhi)南巡談話發表后，墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些經營困(kun)難的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)場(chang)(chang)，在無力為(wei)家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)場(chang)(chang)墊支生(sheng)產生(sheng)活費，而銀行(xing)又不給農(nong)場(chang)(chang)貸款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，率(lv)先對(dui)家(jia)庭(ting)農(nong)場(chang)(chang)采取了(le)“兩自理(li)”和“四(si)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)戶”（土地(di)承包(bao)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)戶、核(he)算到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)戶、盈虧到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)戶、風(feng)險到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)戶）的(de)(de)(de)辦法。這種辦法既調動了(le)職(zhi)工的(de)(de)(de)積極(ji)性，增(zeng)強了(le)職(zhi)工的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險意識，又使農(nong)場(chang)(chang)甩掉包(bao)袱(fu)并擺脫了(le)困(kun)境，因而很快在墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)和全國(guo)農(nong)墾(ken)(ken)系(xi)統推行(xing)，從而把墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)農(nong)業發展推向了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個新的(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)。四(si)是啟動實(shi)施(shi)國(guo)家(jia)100億斤(jin)商品糧基地(di)建(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu)。隨著(zhu)(zhu)“八(ba)五(wu)”計劃(hua)開(kai)始實(shi)施(shi)，憑(ping)借著(zhu)(zhu)改革(ge)(ge)開(kai)放(fang)煥發出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)機(ji)與活力，墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)肩負起了(le)建(jian)(jian)設國(guo)家(jia)100億斤(jin)商品糧基地(di)的(de)(de)(de)歷史重(zhong)任。這是列入國(guo)家(jia)“八(ba)五(wu)”計劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點建(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu)，也是90年代墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)農(nong)業現(xian)代化建(jian)(jian)設的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)項(xiang)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)性工程。這個重(zhong)點建(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)完成，意味著(zhu)(zhu)墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)糧食(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產登上了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個新臺階，用10年時(shi)間達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)過去40年才能(neng)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)水平；標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)著(zhu)(zhu)墾(ken)(ken)區(qu)(qu)社會(hui)生(sheng)產力提高到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個新階段(duan)，創造出(chu)了(le)國(guo)內一(yi)(yi)(yi)流的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)業勞動生(sheng)產率(lv)和糧食(shi)(shi)商品率(lv)水平。
這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)階段(duan)(duan)的(de)主(zhu)要特點(dian)是：墾(ken)區(qu)上下進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)解放思想，開(kai)(kai)(kai)拓進(jin)(jin)(jin)取，改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)開(kai)(kai)(kai)放取得(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)突(tu)破，現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)跨越，推(tui)動(dong)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)社(she)會(hui)步(bu)(bu)(bu)入(ru)了(le)(le)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)快車道(dao)。1995年12月初，總(zong)(zong)局(ju)黨(dang)委(wei)從墾(ken)情出(chu)(chu)(chu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)，研究(jiu)確定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)以堅持“三轉、兩開(kai)(kai)(kai)、一(yi)(yi)打牢”，突(tu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)做(zuo)好(hao)“四篇文章(zhang)”，精心(xin)(xin)實(shi)(shi)施“六大(da)(da)戰略”為主(zhu)要內(nei)容(rong)的(de)墾(ken)區(qu)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)思路。黨(dang)的(de)十五大(da)(da)召開(kai)(kai)(kai)后(hou)，總(zong)(zong)局(ju)黨(dang)委(wei)著眼于新(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)實(shi)(shi)踐和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，明(ming)確提出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)跨世紀(ji)的(de)宏偉藍圖(tu)，對把(ba)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)什么樣的(de)墾(ken)區(qu)推(tui)向(xiang)21世紀(ji)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)重(zhong)大(da)(da)問(wen)題做(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)莊嚴(yan)回(hui)答。“九(jiu)五”以來，總(zong)(zong)局(ju)黨(dang)委(wei)把(ba)握時代主(zhu)題，帶(dai)(dai)領墾(ken)區(qu)人民(min)(min)(min)，面(mian)向(xiang)市場(chang)，迎接挑戰，抓住機遇，開(kai)(kai)(kai)拓進(jin)(jin)(jin)取，不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)把(ba)墾(ken)區(qu)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)開(kai)(kai)(kai)放和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)推(tui)向(xiang)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)階段(duan)(duan)主(zhu)要是在六個(ge)(ge)(ge)方面(mian)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)了(le)(le)跨越式(shi)的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)：一(yi)(yi)是體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)機制(zhi)(zhi)創新(xin)(xin)(xin)取得(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)進(jin)(jin)(jin)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)深化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，雙層經(jing)(jing)營體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)完(wan)善(shan)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)三年脫(tuo)困目標(biao)如期實(shi)(shi)現(xian)，中小企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)基(ji)本推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)到(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)。管(guan)理體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)邁出(chu)(chu)(chu)重(zhong)要步(bu)(bu)(bu)伐，集(ji)團化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)運作(zuo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)內(nei)部(bu)政(zheng)企(qi)(qi)分(fen)開(kai)(kai)(kai)步(bu)(bu)(bu)伐明(ming)顯(xian)加(jia)(jia)快。總(zong)(zong)局(ju)機關(guan)機構改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)任務順利(li)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)，社(she)會(hui)保障制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)、干(gan)(gan)部(bu)人事制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)事轉企(qi)(qi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)取得(de)實(shi)(shi)質(zhi)性(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。二(er)是戰略性(xing)結構調(diao)(diao)整邁出(chu)(chu)(chu)新(xin)(xin)(xin)步(bu)(bu)(bu)伐。主(zhu)要農(nong)(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物品種調(diao)(diao)優(you)(you)，優(you)(you)質(zhi)品種覆(fu)蓋率(lv)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)90%以上。優(you)(you)質(zhi)高(gao)效經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)作(zuo)物面(mian)積明(ming)顯(xian)增加(jia)(jia)，綠色食(shi)品和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)有(you)(you)機農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)迅(xun)速(su)(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。畜牧業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)呈(cheng)現(xian)強(qiang)勁勢頭(tou)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)始走上以質(zhi)量效益為中心(xin)(xin)的(de)軌道(dao)。第三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)非國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)快速(su)(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，非國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)占全(quan)部(bu)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)總(zong)(zong)量的(de)比重(zhong)突(tu)破40%。三是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)突(tu)破。通過(guo)加(jia)(jia)快實(shi)(shi)施農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)戰略，一(yi)(yi)批(pi)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)集(ji)團迅(xun)速(su)(su)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)壯大(da)(da)。完(wan)達(da)(da)山乳(ru)業(ye)(ye)、九(jiu)三油脂集(ji)團成(cheng)(cheng)為國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家級產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)，省(sheng)(sheng)級產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)已(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)13家。龍(long)(long)頭(tou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)與基(ji)地(di)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)的(de)聯結更加(jia)(jia)緊密(mi)(mi)，帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)了(le)(le)墾(ken)區(qu)22萬(wan)個(ge)(ge)(ge)家庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)方2.3萬(wan)個(ge)(ge)(ge)農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶(hu)。“完(wan)達(da)(da)山”、“北(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)”等(deng)(deng)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)知(zhi)名(ming)品牌，在全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)叫響并打入(ru)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際市場(chang)，在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)市場(chang)的(de)占有(you)(you)率(lv)大(da)(da)幅度(du)(du)提高(gao)。四是對外(wai)(wai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)放工(gong)作(zuo)取得(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)成(cheng)(cheng)效。積極開(kai)(kai)(kai)拓國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際市場(chang)，產(chan)(chan)品出(chu)(chu)(chu)口24個(ge)(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)區(qu)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)口品種達(da)(da)8大(da)(da)類103個(ge)(ge)(ge)。對外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)易穩(wen)步(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，實(shi)(shi)現(xian)外(wai)(wai)貿(mao)(mao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口總(zong)(zong)額(e)4.5億(yi)美元。經(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)合(he)作(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)果豐(feng)碩，參加(jia)(jia)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)會(hui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)經(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)洽談活動(dong)，簽訂經(jing)(jing)貿(mao)(mao)合(he)作(zuo)項(xiang)目5900多項(xiang)，總(zong)(zong)金額(e)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)580億(yi)元。外(wai)(wai)資利(li)用規(gui)模逐步(bu)(bu)(bu)擴大(da)(da)，外(wai)(wai)資到(dao)(dao)(dao)位(wei)率(lv)已(yi)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)53.5%。通過(guo)加(jia)(jia)快對外(wai)(wai)開(kai)(kai)(kai)放，進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)擴大(da)(da)了(le)(le)墾(ken)區(qu)在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)外(wai)(wai)的(de)影響，樹(shu)立和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)示了(le)(le)北(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)荒(huang)集(ji)團的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)形(xing)象。五是小城(cheng)鎮建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)各(ge)項(xiang)社(she)會(hui)事業(ye)(ye)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)新(xin)(xin)(xin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。小城(cheng)鎮建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)水平(ping)走在全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)前(qian)列，促進(jin)(jin)(jin)二(er)三產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的(de)城(cheng)鎮載(zai)體(ti)功能進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)完(wan)善(shan)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)140多個(ge)(ge)(ge)設(she)(she)(she)施配(pei)套(tao)、功能完(wan)善(shan)、環(huan)境優(you)(you)美的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)型農(nong)(nong)(nong)墾(ken)城(cheng)鎮。交通、通信、教育(yu)、衛生(sheng)、文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、體(ti)育(yu)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)聞和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)廣(guang)播電視等(deng)(deng)各(ge)項(xiang)社(she)會(hui)事業(ye)(ye)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，政(zheng)法(fa)、民(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)、信訪、統戰和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)民(min)(min)(min)兵等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)工(gong)作(zuo)明(ming)顯(xian)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)。六是黨(dang)的(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)精神(shen)文明(ming)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)取得(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)成(cheng)(cheng)果。通過(guo)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)黨(dang)的(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，各(ge)級領導班(ban)子建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)的(de)整體(ti)水平(ping)明(ming)顯(xian)提高(gao)。精神(shen)文明(ming)創建(jian)活動(dong)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)深入(ru)，涌現(xian)一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)批(pi)省(sheng)(sheng)級文明(ming)單(dan)位(wei)標(biao)兵和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)文明(ming)單(dan)位(wei)。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)改(gai)(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)思想政(zheng)治(zhi)工(gong)作(zuo)，黨(dang)群(qun)(qun)干(gan)(gan)群(qun)(qun)關(guan)系進(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)密(mi)(mi)切，民(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)政(zheng)治(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)法(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)設(she)(she)(she)明(ming)顯(xian)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)階段(duan)(duan)的(de)墾(ken)區(qu)，得(de)天(tian)時，倚(yi)地(di)利(li)，聚人和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，政(zheng)治(zhi)局(ju)面(mian)安定(ding)(ding)，社(she)會(hui)形(xing)勢穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)，人民(min)(min)(min)安居樂業(ye)(ye)。廣(guang)大(da)(da)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)職工(gong)始終保持奮發(fa)(fa)(fa)進(jin)(jin)(jin)取、昂(ang)揚向(xiang)上的(de)良好(hao)精神(shen)狀態，凝聚起了(le)(le)自我(wo)加(jia)(jia)壓、負重(zhong)奮進(jin)(jin)(jin)、不(bu)(bu)甘人后(hou)、努力(li)爭先(xian)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)創造(zao)性(xing)地(di)開(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)偉大(da)(da)力(li)量。
