左(zuo)(zuo)懋第(1601年-1645年),字仲(zhong)及,號(hao)蘿石,山東萊(lai)陽(yang)(yang)人。大(da)明(ming)(ming)赴(fu)清談和使者,后被清朝(chao)扣押,寧(ning)死不(bu)降,后人稱“明(ming)(ming)末文(wen)天(tian)祥”。明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)末年,國家內憂外(wai)患,危(wei)機四伏,大(da)廈將傾,萊(lai)陽(yang)(yang)進士左(zuo)(zuo)懋第卻登(deng)上了(le)人生最壯美(mei)的(de)舞臺。他治理(li)韓(han)城,政(zheng)績優異,考選欽(qin)定(ding)第一(yi),由知縣擢升朝(chao)中擔任(ren)(ren)要職(zhi),成(cheng)為威宗皇(huang)帝信任(ren)(ren)的(de)股(gu)肱(gong)之臣(chen)。崇禎甲申(1644),清兵(bing)入(ru)關(guan),國難當頭,他挺身而出,與清朝(chao)攝政(zheng)王多爾袞唇(chun)槍舌劍,堅(jian)決維(wei)護大(da)明(ming)(ming)尊(zun)嚴。面對(dui)酷刑(xing)和威逼(bi)利誘,他寧(ning)作大(da)明(ming)(ming)鬼(gui),不(bu)當清朝(chao)王,成(cheng)為比(bi)肩文(wen)天(tian)祥的(de)民族英雄。
萊陽左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)氏,一世(shi)祖左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原。明永樂間自章丘遷徙至萊陽。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原生左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)盛,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)盛生左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方(fang),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)生文升(sheng),文升(sheng)生奎、英、彥。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第祖父左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)奎,生之龍、之藩、之禎。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之龍(1550-1623),字用(yong)化,號云樓,萬歷己卯(1579)舉人(ren),歷任河北房(fang)山、良(liang)鄉知(zhi)縣(xian),陜西西華知(zhi)縣(xian),延(yan)安府(fu)同知(zhi),灤州(zhou)知(zhi)州(zhou),署北平太守,南京刑部廣(guang)東司(si)員(yuan)外郎、河南司(si)郎中。誥(gao)授奉政(zheng)大(da)夫(fu)、敕封光(guang)祿(lu)大(da)夫(fu)。繼配陳氏,寧海指揮僉事陳治安長(chang)女(nv),敕封夫(fu)人(ren),生左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)第、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之龍墓地在萊陽市沐浴店(dian)鎮(zhen)北旺村。
青年才俊少負大(da)志
萬歷四十(shi)三年(1615),左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)與堂兄弟左(zuo)懋(mao)泰、左(zuo)懋(mao)芬、左(zuo)懋(mao)桂(gui)、左(zuo)良(liang)輔等人(ren)參(can)(can)加了著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的文(wen)社(she)山(shan)左(zuo)大社(she)(復社(she)分(fen)支)。據《萊(lai)(lai)(lai)陽縣(xian)(xian)志》記載,山(shan)左(zuo)大社(she)91名(ming)(ming)成員(yuan),萊(lai)(lai)(lai)陽人(ren)占了十(shi)之(zhi)六七。左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)經常(chang)參(can)(can)加交游聚會,切(qie)磋(cuo)學(xue)問,評說時局,文(wen)名(ming)(ming)遠揚(yang)。左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)的父親在萊(lai)(lai)(lai)陽城(cheng)西(xi)郊建有(you)“西(xi)墅草堂”,草堂中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)一(yi)處(chu)“浴月臺”,左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)經常(chang)與兄弟和同(tong)學(xue)來(lai)(lai)此(ci)讀書,詩文(wen)唱和。母親陳氏,是寧(ning)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)(今牟平(ping))指揮僉事陳治安之(zhi)女,懋(mao)第(di)經常(chang)往(wang)來(lai)(lai)于萊(lai)(lai)(lai)陽、寧(ning)海(hai)(hai)之(zhi)間。天啟二(er)年(1622),左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)游昆崳山(shan)煙(yan)霞洞,聽聞寧(ning)海(hai)(hai)州(zhou)張國俊(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍在平(ping)定(ding)白蓮教(jiao)之(zhi)亂(luan)中(zhong)(zhong)戰死,年僅(jin)28歲,懋(mao)第(di)十(shi)分(fen)惋惜,作詩《挽張將(jiang)(jiang)軍》:“孰若海(hai)(hai)上(shang)張將(jiang)(jiang)軍,慷慨殺(sha)賊(zei)生絕(jue)?。……血漬(zi)寒沙(sha)英魂歸,風悲鬼嘯(xiao)昏白晝。”天啟三年(1623),萊(lai)(lai)(lai)陽縣(xian)(xian)教(jiao)諭朱?在縣(xian)(xian)學(xue)里選(xuan)拔左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)、張允掄等八(ba)位優秀學(xue)生加上(shang)自己,組成“九龍社(she)”,一(yi)起上(shang)課研(yan)討(tao)學(xue)問,左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)頗(po)受器重,成為“九龍”中(zhong)(zhong)的佼(jiao)佼(jiao)者。后人(ren)評價他(ta):“為諸生,即負(fu)海(hai)(hai)內盛名(ming)(ming)。為文(wen)高古雄奧,不可一(yi)世。”贊譽他(ta):“學(xue)富(fu)五(wu)車二(er)酉,文(wen)追(zhui)東洛西(xi)京。”
左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)正直,胸(xiong)懷大(da)志(zhi),青少年(nian)時(shi)即關注國家命運。天啟六年(nian)(1626),權臣魏(wei)(wei)忠賢(xian)授意黨(dang)羽編編纂《三朝會(hui)典(dian)》,借(jie)以(yi)誣(wu)陷打擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)東林黨(dang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)讀后(hou)不(bu)勝(sheng)憤恨,認為(wei)這是(shi)(shi)“變亂是(shi)(shi)非(fei),顛倒賢(xian)佞。”手指纂修(xiu)諸人(ren)(ren)(ren)姓名(ming),說(shuo)(shuo):“此(ci)皆(jie)邪佞之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”手擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)紙(zhi)碎。當(dang)他(ta)得(de)知翰林院編修(xiu)陳明(ming)卿(qing)先(xian)生(sheng)因(yin)得(de)罪魏(wei)(wei)忠賢(xian)而被(bei)削職時(shi),十分氣(qi)憤,作文予以(yi)抨擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),抒發心中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)平。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)二年(nian)(1629),白蓮教(jiao)教(jiao)徒董大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)聚(ju)眾五千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)圍(wei)攻萊(lai)(lai)陽縣城(cheng)。萊(lai)(lai)陽承(cheng)平已久,人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)識(shi)兵(bing),形勢非(fei)常(chang)危(wei)急,縣衙(ya)只好組織(zhi)城(cheng)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)紳(shen)士(shi)(shi)(shi)、市(shi)民(min)(min)自(zi)(zi)衛(wei)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)自(zi)(zi)告(gao)奮勇(yong),登上城(cheng)墻,開(kai)炮(pao)擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)賊,結果(guo)炮(pao)膛炸(zha)裂,自(zi)(zi)己差點被(bei)炸(zha)死(si)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)仍奮不(bu)顧身,簡單包扎后(hou),再次(ci)舉炮(pao)轟擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)敵人(ren)(ren)(ren),并擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)敵人(ren)(ren)(ren)首領。董大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)見(jian)(jian)取(qu)勝(sheng)無望(wang),率眾遁去,后(hou)逃(tao)至(zhi)蒙陰被(bei)殺。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)英勇(yong)事跡傳遍膠東士(shi)(shi)(shi)林,這次(ci)戰斗也(ye)是(shi)(shi)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)次(ci)重(zhong)要經(jing)歷,對(dui)日后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)仕途(tu)生(sheng)涯產(chan)生(sheng)了重(zhong)要影響(xiang)。崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)三年(nian)(1630),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)鄉試考(kao)(kao)中(zhong)(zhong)亞元(第(di)(di)(di)二名(ming)),翌(yi)年(nian)聯捷(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)吳偉業、張(zhang)溥(pu)也(ye)高(gao)中(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)。萊(lai)(lai)陽縣的(de)(de)(de)姜?、沈迅則(ze)與(yu)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)同榜,三人(ren)(ren)(ren)志(zhi)同道合(he),皆(jie)以(yi)志(zhi)節(jie)留(liu)名(ming)史冊,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)“明(ming)末萊(lai)(lai)陽三君子”。其時(shi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)叔父左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)武任(ren)登州(zhou)衛(wei)鎮(zhen)撫,姐夫(fu)孫承(cheng)祖任(ren)登州(zhou)衛(wei)游擊(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將軍。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)與(yu)親(qin)友一(yi)起(qi)來(lai)到蓬萊(lai)(lai)游珠璣崖,見(jian)(jian)大(da)魚長約數丈,出沒(mei)濤中(zhong)(zhong),乃乘興題詩(shi)石壁:“水撲(pu)青天濤卷(juan)雪,石峰片(pian)片(pian)皆(jie)奇絕。浮白狂歌(ge)長吉詩(shi),元氣(qi)茫(mang)茫(mang)收不(bu)得(de)。”崇(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)五年(nian)(1632)八月(yue),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)授陜(shan)西韓城(cheng)知縣。韓城(cheng)地處黃河(he)之(zhi)濱,歷來(lai)有(you)“秦(qin)中(zhong)(zhong)最敝邑”之(zhi)稱,由于連年(nian)災害,流寇四起(qi),民(min)(min)不(bu)聊生(sheng),這對(dui)初出茅廬的(de)(de)(de)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)來(lai)說(shuo)(shuo)無疑(yi)是(shi)(shi)踏(ta)上仕途(tu)的(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)場嚴(yan)峻考(kao)(kao)驗。“郡縣治,天下安(an)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)熟(shu)讀史書和(he)儒家經(jing)典(dian),深知自(zi)(zi)己擔負的(de)(de)(de)責任(ren),面對(dui)艱難局面,沒(mei)有(you)退縮,決(jue)心有(you)所作為(wei)。他(ta)在給恩(en)師陳明(ming)卿(qing)的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo):“聞命之(zhi)初,恐愧戰栗,知不(bu)勝(sheng)任(ren),嚴(yan)訓之(zhi)下,不(bu)敢重(zhong)違,勉為(wei)之(zhi)。”十月(yue),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)與(yu)母親(qin)一(yi)起(qi)來(lai)到韓城(cheng),開(kai)始了十三年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)仕宦生(sheng)涯。
1、韓城保衛戰
抗(kang)敵(di)御(yu)寇(kou)(kou),保障一(yi)方(fang)平安,維護群(qun)眾正(zheng)常的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活生(sheng)(sheng)產秩序。崇禎(zhen)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),農民(min)起義風起云涌,土匪(fei)盜(dao)賊(zei)四(si)(si)起,韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)尤其猖獗(jue)。崇禎(zhen)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1632)十(shi)月(yue),左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)剛到韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng),原(yuan)任(ren)(ren)知(zhi)縣(xian)外(wai)(wai)出未歸,尚未正(zheng)式(shi)交接(jie)公務(wu),就遇上流(liu)寇(kou)(kou)侵(qin)擾,左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)隨(sui)即下令各鄉收斂糧(liang)畜(chu),堅壁清(qing)野(ye),接(jie)著征兵(bing)、調(diao)餉、防河、守(shou)城(cheng)(cheng),成功地擊退了敵(di)人。韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)中乃流(liu)賊(zei)舊巢,殘余五七(qi)百人盤踞山(shan)(shan)中,時(shi)常出山(shan)(shan)搶掠(lve),農民(min)不(bu)敢(gan)上山(shan)(shan)耕種(zhong)土地,附近百姓(xing)(xing)也無法(fa)(fa)安生(sheng)(sheng)。左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)憤(fen)然(ran)曰:“無農,民(min)胡以(yi)為命?寇(kou)(kou)不(bu)清(qing),民(min)又安得而(er)農耶?”于是,招募(mu)十(shi)一(yi)路(lu)民(min)兵(bing),親自(zi)指揮(hui),清(qing)剿山(shan)(shan)中流(liu)賊(zei)余孽,部分逃往山(shan)(shan)西(xi),相戒以(yi)后(hou)“毋入韓(han)(han)(han)境”。對于抓獲的(de)三四(si)(si)十(shi)人,則令其回家種(zhong)田。左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)下車伊(yi)始,果斷出手,指揮(hui)有方(fang),得到韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)士(shi)(shi)紳百姓(xing)(xing)的(de)贊(zan)許。崇禎(zhen)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633)十(shi)二(er)月(yue),流(liu)寇(kou)(kou)千余人西(xi)渡(du)黃河侵(qin)襲韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)。這一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)夏(xia)無雨冬無雪,遭遇嚴重干(gan)旱(han)。左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)一(yi)邊組織抗(kang)旱(han)救(jiu)災(zai),一(yi)邊戎(rong)裝上陣,親自(zi)督兵(bing)進山(shan)(shan)五十(shi)里追(zhui)剿,指揮(hui)士(shi)(shi)兵(bing)于河上作(zuo)戰(zhan),取(qu)得勝利。崇禎(zhen)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1634)二(er)、三月(yue),流(liu)寇(kou)(kou)再(zai)入韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)。干(gan)旱(han)導致莊稼絕收,韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)饑荒。左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)想方(fang)設(she)(she)法(fa)(fa)賑(zhen)濟(ji)災(zai)民(min)的(de)同時(shi),組織協調(diao)軍(jun)隊御(yu)敵(di),敵(di)退,乘勝追(zhui)擊120里而(er)還。崇禎(zhen)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1635),農民(min)起義愈(yu)(yu)演(yan)愈(yu)(yu)烈,七(qi)月(yue)、十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)兩次(ci)侵(qin)擾韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng),韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)全(quan)線告(gao)急。特別是十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)至次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正(zheng)月(yue)的(de)40多天里,民(min)軍(jun)、流(liu)寇(kou)(kou)數萬人圍困縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng),日(ri)夜(ye)吶喊攻殺,戰(zhan)斗十(shi)分激烈,形勢(shi)岌岌可危。左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)每日(ri)與守(shou)軍(jun)將領研(yan)究戰(zhan)斗方(fang)案,“以(yi)火(huo)器擊之,以(yi)步(bu)兵(bing)接(jie)戰(zhan),于城(cheng)(cheng)外(wai)(wai)筑攔馬墻,城(cheng)(cheng)內筑敵(di)臺(tai),伏義兵(bing),設(she)(she)火(huo)炮,賊(zei)不(bu)能(neng)攻,意(yi)在(zai)坐困。”左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)會商(shang)士(shi)(shi)紳相約(yue)分守(shou)四(si)(si)門,親自(zi)巡(xun)查城(cheng)(cheng)防,調(diao)度部署。西(xi)門最為緊要,左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)夜(ye)宿(su)其上,意(yi)氣風發(fa),閱讀兵(bing)書(shu),指揮(hui)若定。戰(zhan)斗閑(xian)暇“從容賦詩不(bu)少休,見(jian)者以(yi)為神人。”最后(hou)“賊(zei)不(bu)能(neng)入,前后(hou)共攻四(si)(si)十(shi)余日(ri)方(fang)引(yin)去。”左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)(di)知(zhi)人善任(ren)(ren),身先士(shi)(shi)卒,枕戈(ge)待旦40余日(ri),贏(ying)得了韓(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)保衛戰(zhan)的(de)勝利。
2、韓城為官(guan),愛(ai)民恤(xu)民
左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)雖為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)介書(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),但對用(yong)兵(bing)之(zhi)法(fa)(fa)卻有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)番(fan)獨(du)到(dao)(dao)(dao)見解(jie)。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1631)冬(dong),膠東發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)登(deng)萊(lai)事變(bian),明將(jiang)孔(kong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)德等攻(gong)陷登(deng)州,登(deng)州衛(wei)總兵(bing)張扶輿自(zi)殺殉難(nan)。第(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)得(de)(de)知好(hao)友殉難(nan),哀傷之(zhi)余(yu),為(wei)其(qi)《陣圖》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)作(zuo)(zuo)序,說到(dao)(dao)(dao):“余(yu)書(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知兵(bing),然(ran)(ran)竊見其(qi)條理錯綜(zong),可(ke)教民(min)(min)(min)猛果(guo)克(ke)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗(dou)。民(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)猛果(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),于(yu)(yu)(yu)將(jiang)可(ke)恃(shi),而(er)(er)(er)將(jiang)之(zhi)自(zi)恃(shi),惟用(yong)兵(bing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)法(fa)(fa)。”明末清初(chu)學者(zhe)(zhe)屈大(da)(da)(da)均(jun)(jun)則(ze)評價左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di):“初(chu)知韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),流寇三(san)薄(bo)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng),再躪其(qi)境,懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)率士民(min)(min)(min)而(er)(er)(er)戰(zhan)(zhan),身(shen)當鋒,輒大(da)(da)(da)破走之(zhi)。關中保障,推懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)憑借(jie)忠勇(yong)謀略(lve),力(li)保一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)平(ping)安,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)紳(shen)(shen)民(min)(min)(min)稱贊,省(sheng)府政要、封(feng)疆(jiang)大(da)(da)(da)吏也(ye)(ye)(ye)對他(ta)刮(gua)目(mu)相(xiang)(xiang)看。全(quan)(quan)力(li)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)災,拯(zheng)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min),化解(jie)社會(hui)危機(ji)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)初(chu)到(dao)(dao)(dao)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng),忙于(yu)(yu)(yu)剿匪御寇,幾乎無一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寧日。同時,嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)災荒也(ye)(ye)(ye)給(gei)(gei)這位初(chu)來乍到(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)青(qing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)令嚴(yan)峻考(kao)驗。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1632)“冬(dong)無雪(xue),春(chun)田遲,遂無麥。夏又雨(yu)少(shao),秋(qiu)霜早,殺谷無禾。”六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633),“冬(dong)又無雪(xue),麥子不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入(ru)地(di)(di)(di)”,七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1634),“春(chun)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雨(yu),地(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)焦(jiao)土(tu)。”連(lian)續三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)旱災使全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)陷入(ru)饑(ji)荒,許(xu)多(duo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)被(bei)餓死。百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)從(cong)吃草根刮(gua)樹皮(pi),發(fa)展到(dao)(dao)(dao)賣妻鬻子,刮(gua)死人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)肉(rou)而(er)(er)(er)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)這位善良正直的(de)(de)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)令目(mu)睹(du)慘狀(zhuang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)禁潸然(ran)(ran)淚下(xia)(xia)。他(ta)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邊把(ba)觸(chu)目(mu)驚心(xin)的(de)(de)災情(qing)向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)級(ji)如(ru)實(shi)報告,請(qing)求(qiu)賑濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邊想方(fang)設法(fa)(fa)、竭(jie)盡全(quan)(quan)力(li)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)范(fan)圍(wei)內組織救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)災。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1633)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)倡導(dao)(dao)“捐(juan)(juan)俸勸賑法(fa)(fa)”,帶(dai)頭捐(juan)(juan)俸銀(yin)(yin)(yin)50兩(liang)(liang),發(fa)動(dong)(dong)官(guan)紳(shen)(shen)和其(qi)他(ta)富有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)而(er)(er)(er)好(hao)義者(zhe)(zhe)捐(juan)(juan)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)賑濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min),共(gong)得(de)(de)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)250兩(liang)(liang)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)親自(zi)下(xia)(xia)鄉排(pai)查(cha)(cha),查(cha)(cha)出餓得(de)(de)奄(yan)奄(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)息者(zhe)(zhe)3529人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)重點救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助對象,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)八個(ge)(ge)(ge)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)點進行(xing)(xing)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1634)春(chun),災情(qing)加重,饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)“各(ge)(ge)里(li)(li)(li)賑各(ge)(ge)里(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)”,饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)由(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)里(li)(li)(li)鄉紳(shen)(shen)和有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)威望的(de)(de)耆(qi)老核定(ding)(ding),查(cha)(cha)出急需救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)5200人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),由(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)里(li)(li)(li)耆(qi)老主持救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。又查(cha)(cha)得(de)(de)里(li)(li)(li)甲不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)收和流浪街(jie)頭者(zhe)(zhe)311人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)北門外設粥(zhou)廠賑濟(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。同時,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)把(ba)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)按(an)照“極貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、次(ci)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、又次(ci)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)”分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)三(san)類,共(gong)計(ji)(ji)14000多(duo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),造(zao)冊上(shang)報,得(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)(dao)朝廷賑銀(yin)(yin)(yin)1437兩(liang)(liang)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)區(qu)別災民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同情(qing)況(kuang)發(fa)放(fang)賑銀(yin)(yin)(yin),還對貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困的(de)(de)讀書(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)給(gei)(gei)予(yu)特別照顧,極貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)18名(ming)(ming),每(mei)(mei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)給(gei)(gei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)二(er)(er)錢(qian)(qian)(qian),次(ci)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)29名(ming)(ming),每(mei)(mei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)給(gei)(gei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)分(fen)(fen)(fen),盡力(li)使學子們不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)因(yin)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困輟學。韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)嚴(yan)重缺糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)數(shu)(shu)米(mi)而(er)(er)(er)炊,為(wei)防止(zhi)市場糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)價暴漲,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)自(zi)己捐(juan)(juan)俸買粟100石,又發(fa)動(dong)(dong)其(qi)他(ta)官(guan)紳(shen)(shen)捐(juan)(juan)粟2000石,設置“常平(ping)倉(cang)”,在(zai)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)“平(ping)準(zhun)法(fa)(fa)”,平(ping)抑糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)價,規定(ding)(ding)“私(si)糶(tiao)者(zhe)(zhe)禁,必至于(yu)(yu)(yu)市。”使災民(min)(min)(min)拿到(dao)(dao)(dao)賑銀(yin)(yin)(yin)后(hou)(hou)能(neng)夠買到(dao)(dao)(dao)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)賑災得(de)(de)法(fa)(fa),措施可(ke)行(xing)(xing),全(quan)(quan)活(huo)(huo)數(shu)(shu)萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)減(jian)少(shao)了(le)(le)死亡和流亡人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)(shu),韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)感念他(ta)的(de)(de)功德。愛民(min)(min)(min)恤民(min)(min)(min),為(wei)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)減(jian)免賦(fu)(fu)稅(shui)(shui),減(jian)輕百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)負(fu)擔。韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)連(lian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)災害,饑(ji)荒嚴(yan)重,但百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)卻仍然(ran)(ran)負(fu)擔沉重,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)決(jue)(jue)心(xin)改變(bian)現狀(zhuang),給(gei)(gei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條活(huo)(huo)路。韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)“戶口不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)啻以(yi)十余(yu)萬計(ji)(ji),而(er)(er)(er)富者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過十之(zhi)二(er)(er)、三(san),其(qi)余(yu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)矣。”而(er)(er)(er)且“賊殘之(zhi)后(hou)(hou),民(min)(min)(min)散(san)其(qi)半(ban),地(di)(di)(di)荒其(qi)七。”饑(ji)民(min)(min)(min)連(lian)飯(fan)(fan)都吃不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang),拿什么交(jiao)稅(shui)(shui)?因(yin)此(ci)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賦(fu)(fu)稅(shui)(shui)拖(tuo)欠(qian)嚴(yan)重,“(崇(chong)(chong)(chong)禎(zhen))四(si)、五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)拖(tuo)欠(qian)至五(wu)千(qian)兩(liang)(liang),而(er)(er)(er)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)未完,將(jiang)浮于(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)萬兩(liang)(liang)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)毅然(ran)(ran)多(duo)次(ci)上(shang)書(shu),請(qing)求(qiu)將(jiang)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)拖(tuo)欠(qian)的(de)(de)賦(fu)(fu)稅(shui)(shui)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)蠲(juan)免,并暫緩征(zheng)收新稅(shui)(shui),給(gei)(gei)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)休養生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)息的(de)(de)機(ji)會(hui)。為(wei)國家(jia)征(zheng)收賦(fu)(fu)稅(shui)(shui)本(ben)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)令最(zui)基本(ben)的(de)(de)職(zhi)責(ze),考(kao)核升遷全(quan)(quan)賴(lai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)卻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍心(xin)為(wei)了(le)(le)自(zi)己的(de)(de)功名(ming)(ming)利祿而(er)(er)(er)向(xiang)(xiang)“無居(ju)、無衣(yi)、無食(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)皮(pi)無肉(rou)之(zhi)赤子”征(zheng)收賦(fu)(fu)稅(shui)(shui),他(ta)說:“功令既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)寬我,我也(ye)(ye)(ye)甘(gan)之(zhi)。”又說:“畏功令而(er)(er)(er)迫于(yu)(yu)(yu)催科(ke),既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)完賦(fu)(fu)稅(shui)(shui),而(er)(er)(er)又有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)傷國家(jia)之(zhi)元氣(qi),卑職(zhi)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢出也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)認(ren)為(wei):“民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),吏難(nan)盡其(qi)職(zhi)。”作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)官(guan)吏能(neng)夠把(ba)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)疾苦放(fang)在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)前(qian)途安危,實(shi)屬難(nan)得(de)(de)。除(chu)了(le)(le)連(lian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)災荒,韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困拖(tuo)欠(qian)賦(fu)(fu)稅(shui)(shui)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)重要原因(yin)就是(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)賠(pei)(pei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)自(zi)嘉靖四(si)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1561年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))丈地(di)(di)(di)均(jun)(jun)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)以(yi)后(hou)(hou),按(an)照地(di)(di)(di)畝(mu)數(shu)(shu)繳(jiao)納錢(qian)(qian)(qian)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)處黃河(he)岸(an)邊,大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)被(bei)沖毀崩塌,農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)失去了(le)(le)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di),70多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來卻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直要按(an)照嘉靖四(si)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)確定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)畝(mu)數(shu)(shu)交(jiao)納賦(fu)(fu)稅(shui)(shui),每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)空(kong)(kong)賠(pei)(pei)銀(yin)(yin)(yin)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)兩(liang)(liang)千(qian)余(yu)石,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)復(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)難(nan)以(yi)為(wei)繼,“死者(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)、逃者(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)”。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)鄉巡視,看到(dao)(dao)(dao)近(jin)岸(an)村(cun)莊(zhuang)因(yin)“賠(pei)(pei)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)賣屋(wu),屋(wu)盡人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)逃與死也(ye)(ye)(ye)。沿(yan)河(he)居(ju)民(min)(min)(min),老幼萬余(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)……皆(jie)(jie)(jie)身(shen)無完衣(yi)。”面(mian)對慘狀(zhuang),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)心(xin)急如(ru)焚(fen)。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)禎(zhen)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1635)十月,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)與縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)內士紳(shen)(shen)反復(fu)磋商,毅然(ran)(ran)決(jue)(jue)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)范(fan)圍(wei)內重新丈量(liang)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di),平(ping)均(jun)(jun)田賦(fu)(fu),徹底(di)改變(bian)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)空(kong)(kong)賠(pei)(pei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)現狀(zhuang),為(wei)韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)“除(chu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)害,興百(bai)(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)利。”這是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)項極其(qi)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo),涉及到(dao)(dao)(dao)各(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)(ge)階層的(de)(de)利益,阻力(li)很大(da)(da)(da),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)做了(le)(le)精心(xin)細致的(de)(de)安排(pai)。他(ta)頒(ban)布了(le)(le)《均(jun)(jun)地(di)(di)(di)法(fa)(fa)則(ze)示》,設計(ji)(ji)了(le)(le)程序嚴(yan)密的(de)(de)“三(san)番(fan)清丈法(fa)(fa)”:各(ge)(ge)里(li)(li)(li)自(zi)己清丈地(di)(di)(di)畝(mu)數(shu)(shu),造(zao)《魚鱗(lin)冊》上(shang)報縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)里(li)(li)(li)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)再率人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)逐(zhu)里(li)(li)(li)抽(chou)丈,最(zui)后(hou)(hou)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)28里(li)(li)(li)互(hu)相(xiang)(xiang)復(fu)丈。三(san)番(fan)清丈后(hou)(hou),允許(xu)彼此(ci)舉(ju)報,如(ru)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)揭發(fa)舉(ju)報,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)則(ze)親自(zi)帶(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)前(qian)往丈量(liang)。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)故意(yi)“隱漏”、“受賄”及“強梁不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)公(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe),“依律定(ding)(ding)罪,決(jue)(jue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)言”。為(wei)防止(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)行(xing)(xing)賄,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)命所有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)工作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員“各(ge)(ge)帶(dai)口糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),遇村(cun)鎮隨便買食(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)許(xu)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)搭(da)棚(peng)結彩,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)準(zhun)備飯(fan)(fan)獻(xian)茶。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)避勞(lao)怨,專(zhuan)精力(li)行(xing)(xing),從(cong)而(er)(er)(er)準(zhun)確地(di)(di)(di)掌握了(le)(le)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)數(shu)(shu)量(liang),做到(dao)(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)田則(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),無田則(ze)無糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。”韓(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)數(shu)(shu)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)空(kong)(kong)賠(pei)(pei)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)糧(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)重大(da)(da)(da)弊端終于(yu)(yu)(yu)革除(chu)了(le)(le),廣大(da)(da)(da)農(nong)民(min)(min)(min)奔走相(xiang)(xiang)告,拍手稱快。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)(di)(di)指(zhi)導(dao)(dao)編寫的(de)(de)《魚鱗(lin)冊》,用(yong)來管(guan)理河(he)岸(an)灘地(di)(di)(di),解(jie)決(jue)(jue)了(le)(le)河(he)水(shui)淹沒土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)無地(di)(di)(di)可(ke)耕種(zhong)和河(he)水(shui)退后(hou)(hou)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)耕種(zhong)仍要納稅(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)難(nan)題,此(ci)舉(ju)深得(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)認(ren)可(ke),后(hou)(hou)世(shi)沿(yan)用(yong)至今(jin)。
崇尚(shang)節儉,割除陋習,嚴禁(jin)(jin)奢(she)靡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)。左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)在韓城(cheng)期(qi)間,十分(fen)注(zhu)重訪聽民(min)間疾苦和風(feng)土人(ren)(ren)情。他“深山窮谷,足跡(ji)殆遍。”發(fa)(fa)現韓城(cheng)習俗(su)有崇尚(shang)奢(she)侈(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng),“相沿不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)止,勢且繁(fan)多(duo)。”特(te)別(bie)是(shi)婚喪(sang)(sang)嫁(jia)娶方面(mian)禮(li)(li)數(shu)繁(fan)瑣,奢(she)侈(chi)浪費(fei)(fei),一(yi)般百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)負擔(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)。男女(nv)婚姻,女(nv)方專索(suo)厚(hou)聘,男方強索(suo)妝奩,“以至富者貧,而(er)貧者不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能嫁(jia)女(nv)。生女(nv)則愁異日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)費(fei)(fei),有棄(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)育者。”為(wei)(wei)死者發(fa)(fa)喪(sang)(sang),則流行大擺(bai)酒席(xi)、設(she)臺(tai)唱戲(xi)(xi),妄費(fei)(fei)甚(shen)多(duo),以至于“父母病時(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自憂(you)其(qi)病,而(er)憂(you)其(qi)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無所費(fei)(fei)。人(ren)(ren)子遇喪(sang)(sang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)味哀痛,反留心檢點諸費(fei)(fei),久(jiu)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)葬其(qi)親。”老百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)結不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)婚、埋不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)死者,左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)感嘆:“奢(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)害(hai),一(yi)至于此!”左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)認為(wei)(wei),韓城(cheng)災(zai)害(hai)頻(pin)發(fa)(fa),盜匪猖獗,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盡是(shi)“天(tian)數(shu)使然”,百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)奢(she)僭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng),也“皆足致異”。為(wei)(wei)嚴禁(jin)(jin)奢(she)靡,以挽風(feng)俗(su),左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)與地(di)士紳共同努力,韓城(cheng)民(min)風(feng)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)變。崇禎九年(nian)(nian)(1636)七(qi)月,左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)發(fa)(fa)布了(le)著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)《崇儉書》告示(shi),提出(chu)“以儉樸為(wei)(wei)風(feng)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首”,明(ming)令限制和禁(jin)(jin)止婚喪(sang)(sang)嫁(jia)娶中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種種奢(she)糜風(feng)俗(su)。他根(gen)據官(guan)宦、士庶各個(ge)(ge)階層不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同經濟條件,對婚喪(sang)(sang)嫁(jia)娶的(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個(ge)(ge)環節、每(mei)個(ge)(ge)細節都(dou)作了(le)質和量的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體規(gui)定(ding)(ding),婚禮(li)(li)、喪(sang)(sang)禮(li)(li)形成定(ding)(ding)式。同時(shi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding),婚禮(li)(li)中(zhong)禁(jin)(jin)止沿街擺(bai)列妝奩,以示(shi)夸耀;喪(sang)(sang)禮(li)(li)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)許擺(bai)酒設(she)宴、搭臺(tai)作戲(xi)(xi)。除此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,還(huan)對日(ri)常生活(huo)方面(mian)諸如居處、穿衣(yi)、戴帽、宴會、禮(li)(li)尚(shang)往來等(deng)作出(chu)量化從儉的(de)(de)(de)(de)細致規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。為(wei)(wei)使各項規(gui)定(ding)(ding)符合習俗(su)又(you)切實可行,左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)征求各階層的(de)(de)(de)(de)意見(jian),用了(le)三個(ge)(ge)月時(shi)間才得以定(ding)(ding)稿(gao),公示(shi)于眾,要求縉紳士民(min)“各守(shou)其(qi)應得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)”,如有違犯,“許鄉約鄰佑地(di)方舉報”。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)這些(xie)措施事先征求了(le)各個(ge)(ge)階層的(de)(de)(de)(de)意見(jian),先在鄉紳中(zhong)試(shi)行三個(ge)(ge)月,之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)順利(li)地(di)在全縣推開。大戶(hu)人(ren)(ren)家婚喪(sang)(sang)嫁(jia)娶時(shi)率先遵(zun)守(shou)《崇儉書》的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding),一(yi)般百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)紛紛效仿,社會風(feng)氣為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大變。左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)為(wei)(wei)韓城(cheng)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)作出(chu)了(le)影響后(hou)世幾百(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向性設(she)計,大大減輕了(le)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)負擔(dan),受到廣大百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)特(te)別(bie)是(shi)貧苦農民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歡迎。三百(bai)(bai)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)過去了(le),《崇儉書》歷久(jiu)彌新(xin),韓城(cheng)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)(xing)至今仍然遵(zun)守(shou)著左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)立下的(de)(de)(de)(de)很多(duo)規(gui)矩,早已成為(wei)(wei)傳統文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部分(fen)。
左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)還(huan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)分注重(zhong)(zhong)發展文化教(jiao)育事(shi)業,弘揚社(she)(she)(she)會正氣。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)六(liu)年(nian),盡管(guan)兵荒馬(ma)(ma)亂(luan),多(duo)災多(duo)難,但左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)仍(reng)做出了令(ling)人(ren)(ren)稱道的(de)(de)成績(ji)。崇禎七(qi)年(nian)(1634),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)充任(ren)陜西鄉(xiang)試考(kao)官,錄取了11人(ren)(ren),韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)僅有(you)(you)1人(ren)(ren)考(kao)上。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)很大觸動(dong),內心(xin)深感不(bu)(bu)(bu)安,認為(wei)自(zi)己負有(you)(you)責任(ren)。回到(dao)(dao)(dao)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)全縣選拔優秀生(sheng)員,成立(li)“尊經(jing)(jing)社(she)(she)(she)”,每月兩次親(qin)(qin)自(zi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)明倫堂講解經(jing)(jing)書,學生(sheng)常(chang)常(chang)“執經(jing)(jing)問難于(yu)前,竟日乃已。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)的(de)(de)努力(li)取得了實效。三(san)年(nian)后,陜西鄉(xiang)試中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)(you)8人(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)舉,全部是(shi)“尊經(jing)(jing)社(she)(she)(she)”的(de)(de)學生(sheng)。《韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣志》載:“韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)人(ren)(ren)知(zhi)通經(jing)(jing)學古自(zi)公(gong)始。丙子(zi)(zi)登科者八人(ren)(ren),皆社(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)士,其(qi)(qi)余澤也(ye)。”“由(you)是(shi)捷(jie)書蟬聯,至(zhi)今為(wei)國(guo)家楨者,先生(sheng)開之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。”韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)崇文重(zhong)(zhong)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風興(xing)起,人(ren)(ren)才輩出,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)成為(wei)棟梁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅開重(zhong)(zhong)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風,還(huan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)分注重(zhong)(zhong)宣揚社(she)(she)(she)會正氣。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)有(you)(you)“東海孝(xiao)子(zi)(zi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),曾為(wei)父親(qin)(qin)守孝(xiao)三(san)年(nian),因(yin)父親(qin)(qin)葬在(zai)(zai)(zai)蘿石(shi)山上,遂自(zi)號蘿石(shi),終身(shen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)忘父親(qin)(qin)養育之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩。在(zai)(zai)(zai)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅自(zi)己侍(shi)奉母(mu)親(qin)(qin)起居盡心(xin)盡力(li),無微不(bu)(bu)(bu)至(zhi),還(huan)重(zhong)(zhong)刻(ke)《孝(xiao)經(jing)(jing)》一(yi)書,號召百(bai)姓講究(jiu)孝(xiao)道,懂得孝(xiao)親(qin)(qin)大義。有(you)(you)一(yi)縣民(min)因(yin)犯事(shi)被押(ya)到(dao)(dao)(dao)縣衙,懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)聽說(shuo)他(ta)家里(li)尚(shang)有(you)(you)老(lao)母(mu)需(xu)要侍(shi)候,即放回。久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)免有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)作(zuo)假。懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)說(shuo):我并非不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)道,但是(shi)從長(chang)遠來(lai)看,孝(xiao)親(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風興(xing)起,所得必(bi)多(duo)啊(a)。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)有(you)(you)程氏妻燕(yan)氏,面對盜賊的(de)(de)利(li)刃毫(hao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)畏懼,以身(shen)護住婆母(mu),“賊感其(qi)(qi)孝(xiao),舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而去(qu)。”懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)得知(zhi),立(li)即上奏朝廷(ting),請求旌(jing)表。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)芝川(chuan)為(wei)宋代太師張升故(gu)里(li),張升為(wei)官耿直,懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)作(zuo)詩贊揚他(ta):“吾想君(jun)子(zi)(zi)直,亭亭山上松。”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)整(zheng)修(xiu)司馬(ma)(ma)遷墓(mu),撰(zhuan)寫《祭司馬(ma)(ma)子(zi)(zi)長(chang)文》,贊其(qi)(qi)豐功偉(wei)績(ji)。又(you)修(xiu)繕(shan)蘇(su)(su)(su)武墓(mu),撰(zhuan)寫《新(xin)漢典屬國(guo)蘇(su)(su)(su)子(zi)(zi)卿(qing)墓(mu)垣(yuan)記》,對蘇(su)(su)(su)武的(de)(de)節(jie)操給予(yu)了極高評價。修(xiu)建(jian)白公(gong)祠,歌頌白居易關心(xin)民(min)生(sheng)疾苦(ku)的(de)(de)情懷。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)的(de)(de)這些做法(fa),向社(she)(she)(she)會傳達了純正良好的(de)(de)風氣。尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)蘇(su)(su)(su)武的(de)(de)精神,對左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)本人(ren)(ren)影響很深,為(wei)他(ta)出使清廷(ting)不(bu)(bu)(bu)屈殉國(guo)埋(mai)下了伏筆。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)治理韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)六(liu)年(nian),時間不(bu)(bu)(bu)長(chang),但政(zheng)績(ji)斐(fei)然,展示(shi)了出色的(de)(de)理政(zheng)才能。他(ta)深知(zhi)職責所在(zai)(zai)(zai),心(xin)系(xi)百(bai)姓,體(ti)察(cha)民(min)情,換來(lai)了韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)普遍擁戴(dai),人(ren)(ren)們(men)把他(ta)與司馬(ma)(ma)遷、蘇(su)(su)(su)武、郭子(zi)(zi)儀(yi)、白居易并稱為(wei)“禹(yu)門五(wu)賢”。韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歷史(shi)上先后建(jian)有(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)(shi)座杰出名(ming)人(ren)(ren)祠,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)占了兩座,一(yi)處左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)公(gong)祠,一(yi)處蘿石(shi)祠;韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)宦祠里(li)供奉十(shi)(shi)(shi)位(wei)先賢,左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)又(you)是(shi)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),可見左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)第(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)韓(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)心(xin)目中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)崇高地位(wei)。
3、其他記載
崇(chong)(chong)禎三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1630年(nian)(nian)(nian)),左懋第(di)(di)鄉試中(zhong)山東第(di)(di)二名舉人(ren)(ren),次年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)進士(shi)。懋第(di)(di)任陜西韓(han)城令,崇(chong)(chong)禎十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1639年(nian)(nian)(nian))官戶科給事中(zhong),上書提出(chu)時局(ju)有四(si)(si)弊:民窮、兵弱、臣工推諉、國計虛耗。升(sheng)太常寺正卿(qing),右僉(qian)都御史。十四(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian),督催漕(cao)運(yun),道中(zhong)馳疏言:“臣自靜(jing)海抵(di)臨清(qing),見人(ren)(ren)民饑死(si)(si)者(zhe)三(san),疫死(si)(si)者(zhe)三(san),為盜者(zhe)四(si)(si)。米石銀二十四(si)(si)兩,人(ren)(ren)死(si)(si)取以食(shi)。惟圣(sheng)明(ming)垂念。”崇(chong)(chong)禎十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1643年(nian)(nian)(nian))秋,出(chu)巡長江防務(wu),不(bu)久北都淪(lun)陷,其(qi)母陳氏絕食(shi)而死(si)(si)。
清兵(bing)入關(guan),左懋第被任為(wei)兵(bing)部右侍郎兼右僉都御史,以陳洪范(fan)、馬紹愉為(wei)副使(shi),前往(wang)北(bei)京,通好(hao)議和。
左(zuo)懋(mao)第開始時(shi)反對(dui)議(yi)(yi)和(he)(he),極力主(zhu)戰(zhan),并請求撥給(gei)他(ta)人馬(ma),以(yi)收(shou)復(fu)失地,恢復(fu)大明(ming)江山.但未(wei)獲批(pi)準。繼(ji)而(er)他(ta)又拒(ju)絕出使議(yi)(yi)和(he)(he),請求安(an)宗(zong)皇(huang)帝改派(pai)他(ta)人出使,也(ye)未(wei)被接受。左(zuo)懋(mao)第深織赴(fu)京(jing)議(yi)(yi)和(he)(he),如同與(yu)虎謀皮,希(xi)望渺(miao)茫,但君命難違,只(zhi)能(neng)照辦(ban)。臨行前(qian),他(ta)力勸安(an)宗(zong)皇(huang)帝“時(shi)時(shi)以(yi)先(xian)帝之仇、北都(dou)之恥(chi)為(wei)念(nian)”, “勿以(yi)北行為(wei)和(he)(he)議(yi)(yi)必成(cheng),勿以(yi)和(he)(he)成(cheng)為(wei)足恃”。提醒(xing)南(nan)明(ming)王(wang)朝不要期望和(he)(he)議(yi)(yi)一(yi)定能(neng)成(cheng)功(gong),即使議(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)成(cheng)功(gong),也(ye)不一(yi)定是(shi)可以(yi)信賴(lai)的,主(zhu)張以(yi)武(wu)力保(bao)平(ping)安(an)。“夫能(neng)渡河(he)而(er)戰(zhan),始能(neng)扼(e)河(he)而(er)守,必能(neng)扼(e)河(he)面守,始能(neng)畫江而(er)安(an).’強調以(yi)天(tian)下為(wei)重,以(yi)恥(chi)仇為(wei)念(nian),以(yi)淪陷之民為(wei)憂,要整軍傷兵,以(yi)田恢復(fu)大業。
左(zuo)懋(mao)第(di)對北行議(yi)和的危險也深(shen)有預料。他在一(yi)封(feng)信中說,
“懋第(di)此行,是懋第(di)死日也(ye)。”立志要“效(xiao)宋之文(wen)天樣(yang)”,“留正氣(qi)于千古(gu)。”
崇禎十(shi)七年(nian)十(shi)月(yue)初,揩二副使及隨從百余人(ren)至北(bei)京張家灣,住進鴻(hong)臚寺。懋第在鴻(hong)臚寺陳設太牢,率隨員(yuan)北(bei)面哭祭三日。十(shi)月(yue)二十(shi)七日多爾袞(gun)釋放左(zuo)(zuo)懋第南歸。左(zuo)(zuo)等走出(chu)永定門(men),馮詮勸多爾袞(gun)不要“放虎歸山”,十(shi)一(yi)月(yue)十(shi)四(si)日多爾袞(gun)遣百騎在滄(cang)州追回,被扣留在北(bei)京太醫(yi)院,墻上(shang)遍布(bu)荊棘,自(zi)言:“生為(wei)明(ming)臣,死(si)為(wei)明(ming)鬼,我志也。”為(wei)了(le)擊(ji)退清(qing)王朝的利誘勸降(jiang),他寫了(le)“生為(wei)大明(ming)忠(zhong)臣,死(si)為(wei)大明(ming)忠(zhong)鬼”的對聯貼在門(men)上(shang)。一(yi)則明(ming)志,一(yi)則堵勸降(jiang)說客之口(kou)。他還畫了(le)一(yi)幅蘇武牧(mu)羊畫像,掛在墻上(shang)以自(zi)勵(li)。
弘(hong)光元(yuan)年閏六(liu)月十五日頒布剃發令,隨員(yuan)艾大選遵旨薙(ti)發,懋第(di)(di)(di)將其(qi)亂棍(gun)打死,清廷前來(lai)責問(wen),懋第(di)(di)(di)曰:“吾自(zi)(zi)行我(wo)法,殺我(wo)人,與若何(he)(he)(he)預?”清廷設“太平宴”宴請,懋第(di)(di)(di)拒(ju)食(shi)。又(you)遣洪(hong)承疇(chou)前來(lai)說降(jiang)(jiang),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋第(di)(di)(di)說:“此(ci)鬼也。洪(hong)督師(shi)在松山死節,先(xian)帝(di)賜(si)祭(ji)九(jiu)壇,今(jin)日安得更生(sheng)?”洪(hong)承疇(chou)慚愧而退。李建泰(tai)又(you)來(lai)勸降(jiang)(jiang),左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋第(di)(di)(di)怒斥說:“老奴尚在?先(xian)帝(di)寵餞,勒(le)兵(bing)剿賊,既不(bu)(bu)殉國,又(you)失身焉(yan),何(he)(he)(he)面(mian)目(mu)見我(wo)?”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋第(di)(di)(di)又(you)責問(wen)勸降(jiang)(jiang)的堂兄弟左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋泰(tai):“此(ci)非吾弟也?”隨之(zhi)(zhi)將其(qi)叱離。多(duo)(duo)爾(er)袞(gun)(gun)大怒,親自(zi)(zi)提審懋第(di)(di)(di),懋第(di)(di)(di)直(zhi)立不(bu)(bu)跪(gui)。當問(wen)道(dao):“你(ni)為(wei)何(he)(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)肯剃頭?”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋第(di)(di)(di)回答(da):“頭可(ke)斷,發不(bu)(bu)可(ke)斷!”金之(zhi)(zhi)俊勸他:“先(xian)生(sheng)何(he)(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)興廢(fei)!”左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)懋第(di)(di)(di)針鋒(feng)相對(dui)答(da)道(dao):“汝何(he)(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羞恥!”多(duo)(duo)爾(er)袞(gun)(gun)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)降(jiang)(jiang),閏六(liu)月十九(jiu)日,命左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右推出(chu)宣武門(men)外菜市口(kou)處死。
臨刑時,左懋第南(nan)(nan)向再(zai)拜(bai)說:“臣等(deng)事大明之心盡矣。”有絕(jue)命詩:“峽(xia)坼巢封歸路迥,片(pian)云南(nan)(nan)下意(yi)如何(he);丹(dan)忱碧(bi)血消難盡,蕩作寒煙總不(bu)磨。”隨員陳用極、王一斌、張良佐、王廷佐、劉統等(deng)人皆不(bu)屈而死。
左懋第著有《梅花屋詩抄》一卷,《蘿石山(shan)房文抄》四卷,《左忠(zhong)貞公(gong)剩稿(gao)》四卷。
《姜(jiang)烈士正芳傳》作者:左 懋(mao) 第(di)
姜(jiang)正(zheng)芳(fang),邑(yi)人,居(ju)邑(yi)西(xi)北五里許〔指今(jin)(jin)柏林莊鎮(zhen)(zhen)小埠頂(ding)村〕。少(shao)有(you)力,能弓(gong)矢及劍(jian)。值海(hai)上備倭,應(ying)登州壯(zhuang)士募(mu),欲殺(sha)賊(zei)(zei)立(li)功名。后(hou)事已(yi),罷歸農。軀(qu)長健勇(yong)而樸誠,好解(jie)斗。有(you)兄弟十年訟者,合之無(wu)異詞。又(you)知(zhi)書,時說古(gu)今(jin)(jin)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)敗事,髯眉為動。崇禎(zhen)二年己巳,年已(yi)六十。際〔遇〕董大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)〔今(jin)(jin)屬柏林莊鎮(zhen)(zhen)劉家(jia)疃村人〕亂(luan)。大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)亦邑(yi)人,恃(shi)勇(yong)好亂(luan)敗產,多結(jie)惡(e)少(shao)。會(hui)妖賊(zei)(zei)李(li)〔指傳白蓮教的(de)李(li)盛明〕,不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)何地人,能術煽齊(qi)民(min),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)陰受約(yue)為從〔大(da)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)暗(an)地里接受他(ta)的(de)密約(yue),跟(gen)從他(ta)造反〕。有(you)招遠許湯,殺(sha)催稅隸叛據腰山(shan)〔今(jin)(jin)稱窯(yao)山(shan),在譚格(ge)莊鎮(zhen)(zhen)北〕。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與湯夙盟,疑不(bu)(bu)定(ding),遂出城散徒掠人為盜,三(san)(san)日(ri),得三(san)(san)千人。聚邑(yi)西(xi)劉家(jia)莊,待與俱東去。芳(fang)居(ju)西(xi)南一里,成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)率騎至(zhi)其家(jia)。芳(fang)不(bu)(bu)避,為開陳大(da)難, 不(bu)(bu)易發(fa),當早寢〔早早停息〕。不(bu)(bu)應(ying),反迫與俱。芳(fang)度〔考(kao)慮〕其黨已(yi)發(fa),不(bu)(bu)可說,又(you)徒死無(wu)益,佯應(ying)之。且紿〔音迨,同詒(yi),欺騙〕之曰(yue):汝事舉三(san)(san)余日(ri)矣(yi),官軍得無(wu)知(zhi)者?三(san)(san)千人而抱頭聚,若軍至(zhi),何以(yi)應(ying)?成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)曰(yue):奈何?芳(fang)教以(yi)分為五,皆里許隔,變(bian)可相(xiang)聞。賊(zei)(zei)從之。日(ri)暮,果分為五,北者近芳(fang)居(ju),賊(zei)(zei)腹心則居(ju)中。
十一月(yue)廿三(san)夜,晦〔天(tian)黑〕不(bu)(bu)見人(ren)(ren)。芳(fang)(fang)(fang)喜,潛至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其東(dong)南西,皆(jie)(jie)語(yu)曰(yue):官(guan)(guan)兵(bing)(bing)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣,吾儕(chai)chai〔我(wo)等〕皆(jie)(jie)良(liang)人(ren)(ren),今無死所。如聞戰(zhan)(zhan)斗聲,宜各(ge)為計(ji)。掠(lve)人(ren)(ren)〔被掠(lve)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)〕皆(jie)(jie)惶(huang)迫,不(bu)(bu)知所為。芳(fang)(fang)(fang)因至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)語(yu)曰(yue):官(guan)(guan)軍(jun)已至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)〔大(da)成〕村后(hou)矣,宜力敵(di)勿(wu)怠。大(da)成及諸(zhu)腹心俱(ju)鹵騃〔癡愚,鹵,通魯。騃,音似〕,不(bu)(bu)知兵(bing)(bing)。皆(jie)(jie)懼而強諾(nuo)焉(yan)。芳(fang)(fang)(fang)又說其北(bei)近居(ju)者(zhe)曰(yue):官(guan)(guan)軍(jun)自南來,汝(ru)等宜大(da)呼(hu)示人(ren)(ren)眾,至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)便梃擊無失。亦(yi)應(ying)曰(yue):諾(nuo)。因大(da)呼(hu),居(ju)中(zhong)者(zhe)聞呼(hu)亦(yi)大(da)呼(hu)。引(yin)人(ren)(ren)北(bei)向(xiang),梃相接溷(hun)〔混(hun)亂(luan)〕擊焉(yan)。其東(dong)南西聞呼(hu)及戰(zhan)(zhan)斗聲,大(da)恐,亦(yi)大(da)呼(hu),盡逃去戰(zhan)(zhan)。賊(zei)聞呼(hu)亦(yi)亂(luan)。逮〔等到〕辨聲諗為芳(fang)(fang)(fang)計(ji),而成已偕從董平(ping)馳(chi)騎遁(dun)東(dong)埠(bu)。尋而告(gao)語(yu)之(zhi),怒回呼(hu)芳(fang)(fang)(fang)。芳(fang)(fang)(fang)應(ying)之(zhi)途(tu)曰(yue):我(wo)為汝(ru)練兵(bing)(bing)耳。成曰(yue):汝(ru)亂(luan)吾兵(bing)(bing),何練為?芳(fang)(fang)(fang)曰(yue):汝(ru)新集兵(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)可戰(zhan)(zhan), 試(shi)恐以官(guan)(guan)軍(jun)走矣,況親(qin)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)乎?欲圖事
須入(ru)(ru)與我謀。因(yin)延(yan)至(zhi)其(qi)(qi)家。成(cheng)與眾賊因(yin)人(ren)多逃,皆搖亂無定見,遂(sui)信(xin)之。芳(fang)欲堅其(qi)(qi)入(ru)(ru)〔堅定其(qi)(qi)進入(ru)(ru)之決心(xin)〕,曰:兵未散者,尚五六(liu)百人(ren),可駐(zhu)我門前,但(dan)腹心(xin)入(ru)(ru)與謀。成(cheng)遂(sui)及其(qi)(qi)腹心(xin)六(liu)七人(ren)入(ru)(ru)。芳(fang)為設坐,具燈火笑曰:俱饑矣,我具食(shi)。
芳三子(zi),長別居(ju);次渭經,抱布貿;渭明,嫁(jia)花草竹(zhu)木(mu)以(yi)生。時(shi)長子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)春(chun)在焉(yan)。芳出屬〔通囑(zhu)〕經視前門(men),明視后門(men)。矯〔假傳〕賊(zei)(zei)令,勿使一(yi)人入。屬其(qi)孫從之(zhi)(zhi)〔囑(zhu)咐他的孫子(zi)跟從他〕。孫問所以(yi),芳曰:賊(zei)(zei)入我彀中矣。待(dai)就(jiu)食(shi)(shi),我從旁斫董(dong)賊(zei)(zei)死(si)。我雖老(lao)尚健,可(ke)抵三四人。魁死(si)〔頭目死(si)〕,余(yu)鳥獸散,不(bu)(bu)足畏即(ji)不(bu)(bu)幸為賊(zei)(zei)殺(sha)(sha),舉(ju)家以(yi)良百姓。殺(sha)(sha)賊(zei)(zei)死(si),不(bu)(bu)愈于作賊(zei)(zei)死(si)乎?汝勿語諸婦人,但促具食(shi)(shi)。芳因入, 酌酒(jiu)董(dong)賊(zei)(zei)前又遍酌諸腹心,以(yi)麥湯飲之(zhi)(zhi)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等皆(jie)就(jiu)食(shi)(shi),惟一(yi)賊(zei)(zei)魯(lu)東明者不(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi),持鐵叉(cha)立(li)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)傍目芳。芳疑之(zhi)(zhi),因自思曰:過此瞬(shun)恐無(wu)及(ji),吾當并(bing)斫之(zhi)(zhi)。因取其(qi)衣(yi)下藏刀斫大成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),未(wei)及(ji)。東明格之(zhi)(zhi),錚有聲。大成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)驚拔佩刀起應之(zhi)(zhi)。
諸(zhu)賊舍食(shi)起拔刀(dao)(dao)。芳知不濟,持刀(dao)(dao)趨出(chu)門,呼:馬(ma)安在?得賊馬(ma)聳(song)乘之(zhi)(zhi)。大呼曰:人或逆我(wo)〔誰如(ru)阻止(zhi)我(wo)〕,死矣。于是群賊隨出(chu)大呼曰:圍(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)勿令走。門前諸(zhu)賊圍(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)匝。芳力斫,殺三(san)四人。馳數(shu)十步,群矛環刺(ci)焉,遂墜(zhui)馬(ma)被縛。賊乃入收其家當。堂中亂(luan),婦(fu)(fu)女多(duo)走。時賊約不掠,婦(fu)(fu)女多(duo)混鄰居以免。其長孫(sun)亦走免。惟渭(wei)經、渭(wei)明(ming)被執,孫(sun)三(san)人亂(luan)殺死。盡(jin)焚其廬舍。
大成以(yi)兵環〔包圍〕芳(fang)并其子,罵曰:汝何為計殺(sha)我?芳(fang)曰:殺(sha)汝不(bu)中,命也。但早死耳。賊(zei)怒,罵曰:何易(yi)求死,命取水(shui)灌三人(ren)(ren),寒(han)凍之。群(qun)刺以(yi)矛,體(ti)無(wu)完(wan)膚,遂刳心剖(pou)腸。終無(wu)餒(nei)詞(ci)〔始終沒(mei)有(you)屈(qu)服〕。芳(fang)既(ji)死,賊(zei)眾漸集,又遣(qian)人(ren)(ren)分掠得千人(ren)(ren)。廿(nian)四日(ri),遂攻邑城(cheng)。廿(nian)五(wu)日(ri)又攻,皆不(bu)克。后遂益賊(zei)至(zhi)五(wu)千人(ren)(ren),圍城(cheng)焚外關。十二(er)月(yue),登兵〔登州府之兵〕至(zhi),與戰,賊(zei)敗走。追殺(sha)平(ping)之。大成同左龍西皆走出。至(zhi)蒙陰(yin)縣,典史王擒殺(sha)之,梟其首,傳之邑懸示〔懸首示眾〕焉。典史,山海關人(ren)(ren)。
左(zuo)子曰(yue):董賊(zei)之(zhi)變,余(yu)時為諸生。聞(wen)有(you)賊(zei),士民皆乘城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。賊(zei)方駐(zhu)西(xi)埠外,久不(bu)(bu)(bu)來攻(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。至夜聞(wen)眾(zhong)呼聲,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者曰(yue):賊(zei)其(qi)(qi)有(you)恐與,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知芳(fang)之(zhi)為也。芳(fang)以(yi)野老,未(wei)沾大官(guan)斗米,而散賊(zei)殺(sha)賊(zei),以(yi)必死謀賊(zei),何烈也。韓(han)愈論張許:守一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)捍天(tian)下(xia)(xia),以(yi)千百就盡之(zhi)卒,戰百萬方滋(zi)之(zhi)寇(kou),蔽(bi)遮(zhe)江(jiang)淮(huai),阻遏其(qi)(qi)勢(shi)。天(tian)下(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)亡(wang),其(qi)(qi)誰(shui)之(zhi)功?余(yu)謂(wei)萊陽(yang)門(men)未(wei)及,土賊(zei)乘新(xin)集之(zhi)勢(shi),卒薄城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下(xia)(xia),事(shi)未(wei)可知。夜散之(zhi),殺(sha)其(qi)(qi)勢(shi)而緩其(qi)(qi)攻(gong),以(yi)益(yi)〔增加〕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中一日之(zhi)備(bei),遂得(de)獲奸內(nei)靖(jing),眾(zhong)志鼓(gu)厲。萊陽(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)亡(wang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可謂(wei)非(fei)芳(fang)之(zhi)功。事(shi)雖小,大懸殊(shu):愈〔韓(han)愈〕之(zhi)言益(yi)信夫。余(yu)嘗拜(bai)其(qi)(qi)墓(mu),見(jian)三墳(fen)為之(zhi)流(liu)涕。因過其(qi)(qi)門(men):廬舍(she)皆燼。孫十(shi)四人,賊(zei)殺(sha)其(qi)(qi)三,余(yu)者皆垢敝。妻(qi)王年六十(shi)余(yu),依墻結茅以(yi)居。乘軒(xuan)者〔即當官(guan)的(de)(de)。軒(xuan),古代(dai)高(gao)官(guan)乘坐的(de)(de)一種有(you)圍棚或(huo)帷(wei)幕的(de)(de)車〕未(wei)嘗一問(wen),匹夫之(zhi)節(jie),不(bu)(bu)(bu)亦悲乎?
左懋第為人正直,敢于直言進諫。崇禎年間,大明矛(mao)盾重(zhong)(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)、危機四伏,陷入(ru)(ru)內外交困之中,內有李自成農(nong)民(min)軍縱橫(heng)半(ban)天(tian)下(xia),外有清兵屢次(ci)入(ru)(ru)侵,邊防破敗,天(tian)災頻仍(reng),三餉加派(pai),竭盡民(min)脂,吏治(zhi)腐(fu)朽,民(min)不聊生。統(tong)治(zhi)集團內部(bu)爭權奪利。身為朝廷(ting)言官的左懋第憂心如(ru)焚,他屢次(ci)上疏,針砭時(shi)弊,提(ti)出救國救民(min)之策,為朝野所矚目。
左(zuo)(zuo)懋第從民族(zu)利益出(chu)發,多次(ci)(ci)向當(dang)政者提(ti)出(chu)治國(guo)的正確主張。左(zuo)(zuo)懋第被(bei)擢升為(wei)戶科給事中(zhong)后,尖銳指斥(chi)民窮(qiong)、兵(bing)弱(ruo)、臣工推諉、國(guo)計虛耗這四種時弊,提(ti)醒明王朝加(jia)以解決。為(wei)減(jian)輕(qing)勞動人(ren)民的負擔,緩和階級矛盾,以有利于鞏(gong)固封建統(tong)治,較好地進行(xing)(xing)與崛起于關外(wai)的滿族(zu)的民族(zu)斗爭,他(ta)屢(lv)次(ci)(ci)上書奏請(qing)納監(jian)、出(chu)錢贖罪、廣(guang)開(kai)財源,行(xing)(xing)平倉法(fa)、監(jian)法(fa)及(ji)減(jian)輕(qing)賦稅(shui),輸粟邊塞、以充軍糧。
后來,左懋第又(you)改任刑科給事中,仍(reng)不斷(duan)提(ti)出減輕人民(min)負擔的奏請。
初入諫垣,左懋(mao)(mao)第便上疏要求停(ting)止三(san)餉(xiang)加派(pai),在他和其他大臣的(de)(de)苦諫下(xia)(xia),崇禎十三(san)年(1640年),崇禎帝宣(xuan)布停(ting)征(zheng)(zheng)剿餉(xiang)。左懋(mao)(mao)第請馬上公告天下(xia)(xia),免(mian)得(de)地方開征(zheng)(zheng),小(xiao)民不得(de)實惠,崇禎帝采納了他的(de)(de)建(jian)議(yi)。當(dang)年三(san)月,北京大風不止,左懋(mao)(mao)第又借(jie)天變上言,直陳時政缺失。他指(zhi)出:朝廷(ting)雖然數次下(xia)(xia)詔(zhao)減(jian)兵省餉(xiang),但(dan)小(xiao)民卻(que)日(ri)困一日(ri)。原因在于朝廷(ting)免(mian)征(zheng)(zheng),而(er)地方催征(zheng)(zheng),貪(tan)(tan)官(guan)污吏借(jie)機中飽私囊。欲除此弊,必須(xu)公開各(ge)(ge)地征(zheng)(zheng)賦之數,讓小(xiao)民明白,使(shi)貪(tan)(tan)官(guan)無法作奸。停(ting)征(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)加賦,必須(xu)嚴令(ling)各(ge)(ge)地實行(xing),不許各(ge)(ge)級層層追(zhui)加,這樣才能使(shi)皇帝的(de)(de)恩惠潤澤萬民。崇禎帝很(hen)贊(zan)賞他的(de)(de)建(jian)議(yi),下(xia)(xia)令(ling)免(mian)掉上災(zai)七十五州(zhou)(zhou)縣新、舊、練三(san)餉(xiang),中災(zai)六十八州(zhou)(zhou)縣新、舊二餉(xiang),下(xia)(xia)災(zai)三(san)十八州(zhou)(zhou)縣三(san)餉(xiang)緩征(zheng)(zheng)。
崇禎十四(si)年(1641年),左(zuo)懋(mao)第奉命督(du)辦漕運,即督(du)辦自江南(nan)沿運河向京城運送(song)糧食。當時江南(nan)發(fa)生饑(ji)荒,遍地餓殍,饑(ji)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)反(fan)抗時有發(fa)生。從(cong)統治階(jie)級(ji)的(de)(de)整體(ti)利益出(chu)發(fa),左(zuo)懋(mao)第多次向崇楨(zhen)皇(huang)帝上書,請求放糧贍災(zai)。并發(fa)出(chu)了“贍救(jiu)安(an)可(ke)不變(bian)”的(de)(de)呼吁(yu),為(wei)民(min)(min)請命。當時明王朝兵連禍結。國庫(ku)空(kong)虛,民(min)(min)族矛盾和(he)階(jie)級(ji)矛盾空(kong)前激烈,內外(wai)交困,處于風雨飄搖之中,左(zuo)懋(mao)第的(de)(de)意見未(wei)被采納(na)。
崇(chong)禎十六年(1643年)秋,左(zuo)懋第出巡長江防務。尚未返京。
明朝末年(nian),國(guo)家內憂外患(huan),危機四伏,大廈將傾,萊陽(yang)進士左懋第卻(que)登上(shang)了人生最壯美(mei)的舞臺。他治理韓城,政績優(you)異,考選(xuan)欽定(ding)第一,由(you)知縣(xian)擢(zhuo)升朝中擔任(ren)(ren)要職(zhi),成為(wei)(wei)崇禎皇帝信(xin)任(ren)(ren)的股肱之臣。崇禎甲申(shen)清(qing)兵入關,國(guo)難(nan)當頭,他挺身而(er)出,與攝政王多爾袞唇槍舌劍,堅決維護大明尊嚴。面對酷刑和(he)威逼利誘,他寧作大明鬼,不當清(qing)朝王,成為(wei)(wei)比(bi)肩文(wen)天祥的民族英雄(xiong)。
清乾隆四十(shi)一(yi)年(1776年)欽定殉節錄,賜(si)專(zhuan)謚“忠貞”,祀(si)本邑鄉賢、韓城(cheng)名宦祠,萊陽又建(jian)左公祠,春秋(qiu)次(ci)丁致祭。韓城(cheng)人(ren)建(jian)祠與漢代的蘇武(wu)并祀(si)。
左懋(mao)第墓(mu)(mu)位于山東省煙臺市萊(lai)陽市沐浴店鎮北(bei)旺村(cun)東北(bei)左家(jia)瑩(ying),距村(cun)約700米,該(gai)(gai)墓(mu)(mu)原(yuan)葬地在(zai)柏林莊鎮東南(nan)方(fang)向羅(luo)石(shi)頂(ding)上。1952年部隊營房建設時其后裔將此墓(mu)(mu)遷(qian)至該(gai)(gai)處左姓居(ju)住的北(bei)旺村(cun)左家(jia)瑩(ying)內。墓(mu)(mu)區(qu)有(you)墓(mu)(mu)冢3座成品字(zi)形排列,懋(mao)第墓(mu)(mu)立龍頭碑陰刻“恩寵”二字(zi),乾隆41年追謚“忠貞”,贈(zeng)禮部尚書,墓(mu)(mu)志是清嘉慶十二年(1808年)敕授文林郎萊(lai)陽知縣延君壽敬題的,由(you)左氏(shi)五(wu)世孫寅文立石(shi)。
左(zuo)(zuo)公祠(ci)建于康(kang)熙四十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1701年(nian)(nian)),山(shan)(shan)東學政僉事徐(xu)炯主持(chi),在萊陽修(xiu)建左(zuo)(zuo)公祠(ci),萊陽人踴躍(yue)捐款,贊襄其事。乾隆十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(1750年(nian)(nian)),萊陽知(zhi)縣(xian)郝大倫重修(xiu)左(zuo)(zuo)公祠(ci)。位于今天(tian)萊陽工人文化宮西側(ce)(ce),七星街(jie)東側(ce)(ce)。祠(ci)堂整個(ge)院落占(zhan)地約(yue)10畝。大門朝西,有(you)(you)三間正殿,客房三間,雜房三間,裙房10余間。左(zuo)(zuo)公祠(ci)在他(ta)做知(zhi)縣(xian)的(de)山(shan)(shan)西韓城有(you)(you)一(yi)座,與萊陽祠(ci)相(xiang)似(si)。