青荷藕表(biao)皮(pi)藕銹少、白嫩、光澤度好(hao),肉質(zhi)細膩、清(qing)脆爽口(kou)、甘甜(tian)無渣(zha);黃熟藕淀粉含量高,熟食(shi)粉糯(nuo)香(xiang)甜(tian)。
長興縣地質構(gou)造復雜(za),境內地層從志留系(除三系)至第四系均有出露。呂山鄉位于(yu)長興縣東南部(bu)平原?區,為浙(zhe)北(bei)低山丘陵向太湖西岸平原過渡的(de)區域,地勢(shi)東低西高,屬水網平原地貌,全鄉總面積3850公頃(qing),下轄9個(ge)行政村,耕地1758公頃(qing),塘面459公頃(qing),桑(sang)地288公頃(qing),物產豐富(fu),素有“魚米之(zhi)(zhi)鄉”之(zhi)(zhi)稱,也是久負盛名的(de)“水產之(zhi)(zhi)鄉、蠶桑(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉”。
胥倉雪藕農產品地理標志地域保(bao)護范圍(wei)為(wei):長興縣(xian)呂(lv)山鄉,轄呂(lv)山、楊(yang)吳(wu)、呂(lv)虹(hong)、土(tu)斗門、雁陶、金村、南(nan)楊(yang)、胥倉、龍(long)溪(xi)9個行政村。地理坐標為(wei)東經(jing)119°53′7.61″~119°57′52.93″,北緯30°52′8.28″~30°56′6.65″間。保(bao)護區域面積3850公(gong)頃,其(qi)中(zhong)蓮藕面積267公(gong)頃,年產量6000噸。
青荷(he)藕表皮(pi)藕銹少、白嫩(nen)、光澤度好,肉質(zhi)細膩、清脆爽(shuang)口、甘甜無渣;黃熟藕淀粉含(han)量(liang)高,熟食(shi)粉糯香甜。青荷(he)藕淀粉含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)1.0 g/100g,總糖含(han)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)3.0g/100g,粗纖(xian)維含(han)量(liang)小(xiao)于(yu)1%,氨(an)基酸總量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)0.6%。生產、貯(zhu)運(yun)、銷售過程中,應嚴格(ge)執行(xing)“雙塘(tang)雪藕栽培(pei)技術規程”浙江省(sheng)湖(hu)州市地方標準,確保產品質(zhi)量(liang)安全,并做(zuo)好生產、銷售等(deng)相關記錄。
胥(xu)倉雪藕(ou)(ou)(ou)栽(zai)培的(de)環境(jing)技術條件應(ying)符合(he)(he)NY/T5010要求。選(xuan)擇(ze)水(shui)(shui)源充足、水(shui)(shui)流緩慢、漲落(luo)平穩、排(pai)灌便利、保(bao)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)、保(bao)肥(fei)性(xing)(xing)強的(de)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)塘(tang)(tang),耕作(zuo)(zuo)層深(shen)度(du)≥40cm,pH值5.5~7.5。品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze):胥(xu)倉雪藕(ou)(ou)(ou)主要品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)‘浙湖(hu)一(yi)號’、‘飄花’、‘鄂蓮(lian)6號’。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)間:清(qing)明前(qian)后(hou)(hou)日平均(jun)氣溫升到13℃左右時(shi)開始(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)。藕(ou)(ou)(ou)塘(tang)(tang)準備:種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)1~2天耖耙,平整土壤(rang)。一(yi)般(ban)魚(yu)塘(tang)(tang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)蓮(lian)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)第一(yi)年可不施基肥(fei),新開塘(tang)(tang)、連作(zuo)(zuo)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)塘(tang)(tang)施用(yong)(yong)有機肥(fei)料作(zuo)(zuo)基肥(fei),每畝施用(yong)(yong)腐熟農(nong)(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)1500kg~2000kg和復合(he)(he)肥(fei)30kg~50kg。種(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)選(xuan)擇(ze):選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)頂芽(ya)完整,具(ju)有2~3個(ge)完整的(de)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)節、無(wu)(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑,無(wu)(wu)機械損傷的(de)子(zi)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)作(zuo)(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法:排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)保(bao)持淺(qian)水(shui)(shui)3cm~5cm,斜(xie)(xie)植(zhi)(zhi),栽(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)度(du)10cm~20cm,藕(ou)(ou)(ou)頭(tou)向下呈20°~30°傾斜(xie)(xie),后(hou)(hou)節略(lve)翹起。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)密度(du):因(yin)栽(zai)培條件和品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)而異。早熟品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)宜(yi)密植(zhi)(zhi),中(zhong)晚(wan)熟品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)宜(yi)稀。一(yi)般(ban)行株距1.5m×1.5m,每穴栽(zai)1支或(huo)2支。肥(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理:立(li)葉抽生初期(qi),每畝施尿素10kg~15kg;結藕(ou)(ou)(ou)初期(qi),每畝施復合(he)(he)肥(fei)20kg~30kg。封行前(qian),保(bao)持淺(qian)水(shui)(shui)10cm~15cm,提高(gao)(gao)土溫,促進萌發(fa);隨著(zhu)氣溫升高(gao)(gao),蓮(lian)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)發(fa)生分枝、出現立(li)葉,逐(zhu)漸(jian)加(jia)深(shen)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)至(zhi)20cm~35cm;展(zhan)葉后(hou)(hou)至(zhi)結藕(ou)(ou)(ou)前(qian),水(shui)(shui)位(wei)加(jia)深(shen)至(zhi)80cm;結藕(ou)(ou)(ou)時(shi)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)適當放(fang)淺(qian),促進蓮(lian)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)膨大。采(cai)收(shou):宜(yi)在(zai)主藕(ou)(ou)(ou)形成2~3個(ge)膨大藕(ou)(ou)(ou)節時(shi)開始(shi)采(cai)收(shou)嫩藕(ou)(ou)(ou),葉片黃熟后(hou)(hou)采(cai)收(shou)老熟藕(ou)(ou)(ou),一(yi)直可采(cai)收(shou)到翌年春季萌芽(ya)前(qian)。主要病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲:主要病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)有褐(he)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)、腐敗病(bing)(bing)(bing)等,主要害(hai)蟲有蓮(lian)縊管(guan)蚜、斜(xie)(xie)紋(wen)夜蛾(e)(e)、福壽螺(luo)等。防治(zhi)原則:遵(zun)循“預(yu)防為(wei)主,綜(zong)合(he)(he)防治(zhi)”的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)方(fang)針,優先采(cai)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)防治(zhi)、物(wu)(wu)理防治(zhi)、生物(wu)(wu)防治(zhi),科學(xue)使用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)效低毒低殘(can)留(liu)化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)防治(zhi):采(cai)用(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)(ou),及時(shi)清(qing)園消毒,合(he)(he)理輪作(zuo)(zuo),選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)種(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)等。殺(sha)蟲燈誘(you)(you)殺(sha):用(yong)(yong)殺(sha)蟲燈誘(you)(you)殺(sha)斜(xie)(xie)紋(wen)夜蛾(e)(e)等害(hai)蟲。性(xing)(xing)誘(you)(you)劑(ji)(ji)誘(you)(you)捕:將斜(xie)(xie)紋(wen)夜蛾(e)(e)性(xing)(xing)信息(xi)素(性(xing)(xing)誘(you)(you)劑(ji)(ji))放(fang)置于誘(you)(you)捕器(qi)中(zhong),誘(you)(you)捕器(qi)懸掛在(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)株上方(fang)25cm~30cm處,每畝放(fang)置誘(you)(you)捕器(qi)1~2個(ge)。藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)防治(zhi):農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)應(ying)符合(he)(he)GB/T8321、NY/T1276要求。優先使用(yong)(yong)生物(wu)(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),輪換選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)效、低毒、低殘(can)留(liu)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),禁(jin)止使用(yong)(yong)國家(jia)明令禁(jin)止使用(yong)(yong)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和高(gao)(gao)毒、劇(ju)毒、高(gao)(gao)殘(can)留(liu)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。