新洲龍王(wang)白蓮(lian)新鮮籽蓮(lian)殼色淡綠,粒形卵圓,清(qing)香、味甜、質脆;干蓮(lian)米色白粒圓、易燉煮不糊、口感粉(fen)糯、湯色玉瑩。
新(xin)洲(zhou)龍王(wang)白蓮產于(yu)漲渡湖(hu)周邊雙柳(liu)街的(de)濱湖(hu)、齊頭咀、西灘湖(hu)、蓮湖(hu)、家湖(hu)、原種場(chang)、大白湖(hu)、黃泥洲(zhou)、大屋(wu)基、鎮北等(deng)(deng)10村(cun)(cun)和(he)(he)龍王(wang)咀農(nong)場(chang);漲渡湖(hu)街的(de)沙湖(hu)、扁擔列、沐家涇(jing)、青泥湖(hu)、創新(xin)堤、落兒灣(wan)、楊柳(liu)灣(wan)等(deng)(deng)7個(ge)村(cun)(cun);汪集街的(de)馮(feng)鋪、安(an)仁、復(fu)興、咀阜村(cun)(cun)等(deng)(deng)4村(cun)(cun);陽邏街的(de)蘆(lu)山(shan)、和(he)(he)平、七湖(hu)、朱店、南(nan)山(shan)、陳(chen)咀、胡咀、向陽、月(yue)明(ming)等(deng)(deng)9個(ge)村(cun)(cun),共(gong)30個(ge)村(cun)(cun)和(he)(he)1個(ge)農(nong)場(chang)。地域范圍為東經(jing)114°36′51″~114°50′22″,北緯(wei)30°35′42″~30°45′18″。地域總面積1萬(wan)公頃(qing),新(xin)洲(zhou)龍王(wang)白蓮保護區面積1333.3公頃(qing),年產量67.5萬(wan)千克。
(1)外在感官特征 新(xin)洲龍王白蓮新(xin)鮮(xian)籽(zi)蓮殼色(se)淡綠,粒(li)形卵圓,清(qing)香(xiang)、味甜、質脆;干蓮米色(se)白粒(li)圓、易燉煮不糊、口(kou)感粉糯、湯色(se)玉瑩。
(2)內在品質指標 新洲龍王白蓮營養豐富,向有“蓮參(can)”之譽。其蛋白質≥17.5g/100g;脂肪≤1.50g/100g;淀粉≥48.0g/100g。
(3)質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全規(gui)定(ding) 新洲(zhou)龍王白蓮(lian)產(chan)地環境(jing)(jing)必需符合(he)食用農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地環境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量評(ping)價標(biao)準HJ/T332的規(gui)定(ding),農(nong)(nong)業投入品(pin)(pin)使用必需符合(he)食品(pin)(pin)衛生通用標(biao)準GB2762,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量必需符合(he)GB2763的要求。
新(xin)洲(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)水(shui)資源豐(feng)沛,境(jing)內(nei)水(shui)網如織,湖(hu)(hu)泊、水(shui)庫星羅(luo)棋(qi)布,舉(ju)水(shui)、倒(dao)水(shui)、沙(sha)河三條河流縱貫(guan)全(quan)區(qu),長江繞境(jing)而(er)過。位(wei)于新(xin)洲(zhou)(zhou)區(qu)南部(bu)的(de)長江中游濕地自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)——漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)主湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)面7.8萬畝(mu)(mu),子湖(hu)(hu)(七湖(hu)(hu)、陶家大湖(hu)(hu)、安仁湖(hu)(hu)等)17個、水(shui)面5.1萬畝(mu)(mu),湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)總水(shui)面13萬畝(mu)(mu)。 發(fa)源于大別山脈的(de)倒(dao)水(shui)、舉(ju)水(shui),在流經新(xin)洲(zhou)(zhou)全(quan)境(jing)后,挾漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)而(er)注入長江。漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)襟(jin)江帶河,水(shui)域遼闊,土地廣袤而(er)肥沃,自然(ran)而(er)然(ran)成為(wei)魚米之鄉和(he)濕地自然(ran)保(bao)護區(qu)。 漲渡(du)湖(hu)(hu)區(qu)水(shui)質潔凈(jing),泥壤(rang)松(song)軟,富含有機質,地溫波動小(xiao)且長年偏低,致使(shi)新(xin)洲(zhou)(zhou)龍王(wang)白(bai)蓮(lian)較其它地區(qu)的(de)白(bai)蓮(lian)成熟期延(yan)長15-20天。得(de)天獨厚的(de)自然(ran)環境(jing),造就了新(xin)洲(zhou)(zhou)龍王(wang)白(bai)蓮(lian)的(de)獨特(te)品(pin)質特(te)征。
為了保持(chi)新洲龍王白蓮(lian)的獨特品質,確保其(qi)質量安全,制定如下控(kong)制措施:
1、產(chan)地要求:在水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)潔(jie)凈、有(you)機質(zhi)豐富、地勢低凹的(de)(de)漲渡湖地區種(zhong)植,且產(chan)地環境符合HJ/T322的(de)(de)規定(ding)。最好選用放養2-3年淡水(shui)(shui)魚的(de)(de)標準魚池(chi)作為蓮田。種(zhong)白蓮3年后改養淡水(shui)(shui)魚,既可(ke)減輕白蓮病(bing)害(hai),又可(ke)利用魚池(chi)淤泥肥效。
2、品種(zhong)(zhong)范(fan)圍:從(cong)二十(shi)世紀五(wu)十(shi)年代(dai)末開始,新洲蓮農引(yin)進(jin)(jin)福建(jian)蓮苗在本(ben)地試(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)成功后(hou)大面積推廣,八十(shi)年代(dai)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)湘蓮,九十(shi)年代(dai)又(you)引(yin)進(jin)(jin)太空蓮,新洲龍王白(bai)蓮品種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)建(jian)蓮為主(zhu)。其次對種(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)的選擇:要(yao)求品種(zhong)(zhong)純(chun)正、上年單產高、未發生病害(hai)的留種(zhong)(zhong)田里的種(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)。做到(dao)邊(bian)挖(wa)邊(bian)選,以(yi)具(ju)(ju)有本(ben)品種(zhong)(zhong)特性(xing)、色澤新鮮、節間短、無病斑、無損傷、頂芽(ya)完整(zheng),具(ju)(ju)有二節以(yi)上的主(zhu)藕(ou)(ou)和二節以(yi)上子藕(ou)(ou)作種(zhong)(zhong)。
3、生(sheng)產控制 ①施(shi)(shi)(shi)足基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。3月(yue)下旬至4月(yue)上(shang)旬,每(mei)(mei)畝蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)田(tian)(tian)均勻(yun)潑施(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)分腐熟的(de)畜禽糞便500-1000公(gong)斤左(zuo)右,留3-6cm的(de)水(shui)(shui)待(dai)植。 ②適時(shi)(shi)移栽(zai)。氣(qi)溫穩定通(tong)過(guo)12℃,一(yi)(yi)般在4月(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)旬移栽(zai)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。種植密度一(yi)(yi)般以每(mei)(mei)畝種植180-200株藕(ou)(ou)種為(wei)(wei)宜(yi),株行(xing)距1.7-2米(mi)(mi)。早(zao)栽(zai)宜(yi)稀,遲栽(zai)宜(yi)密;高(gao)(gao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)稀、中(zhong)低肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)密。尾梢往上(shang),藕(ou)(ou)頭埋(mai)入(ru)泥(ni)中(zhong)10-13厘米(mi)(mi)。 ③中(zhong)耕除草(cao)(cao)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)人工拔除或翻(fan)埋(mai)的(de)方法及時(shi)(shi)中(zhong)耕除草(cao)(cao),絕不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)除草(cao)(cao)劑除草(cao)(cao)。當蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)主莖(jing)抽出(chu)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)立葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)始(shi)耘(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)除草(cao)(cao),之后(hou)每(mei)(mei)隔10-15天耘(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)一(yi)(yi)次(ci),到荷(he)葉(xie)(xie)封田(tian)(tian)為(wei)(wei)止(zhi)。耘(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)前先行(xing)排水(shui)(shui),只保(bao)持泥(ni)皮水(shui)(shui),耘(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)將雜草(cao)(cao)拔盡并埋(mai)入(ru)泥(ni)中(zhong),達到泥(ni)爛、面平、無雜草(cao)(cao)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。除草(cao)(cao)結合(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)同時(shi)(shi)進行(xing),可使(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)深(shen)埋(mai),提高(gao)(gao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)效。 ④水(shui)(shui)分管(guan)理。淺水(shui)(shui)勤灌,栽(zai)植團內保(bao)持4-5厘米(mi)(mi)的(de)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng),遇寒潮天氣(qi)適當加(jia)深(shen)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)保(bao)溫。花(hua)蓬(peng)期(qi)氣(qi)溫較高(gao)(gao),水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng)應(ying)加(jia)深(shen)至15-20厘米(mi)(mi),注意要(yao)逐漸加(jia)深(shen)。 ⑤科學(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)生(sheng)育期(qi)長(chang),耗(hao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量大,掌(zhang)握“苗(miao)(miao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)輕、花(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)重、子(zi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全(quan)(quan)(quan)”原則(ze),分期(qi)多次(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)葉(xie)(xie)抽生(sheng)后(hou)(成(cheng)苗(miao)(miao)期(qi))結合(he)(he)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)耘(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)苗(miao)(miao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),畝用(yong)(yong)尿素5公(gong)斤、氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)鉀(jia)2.5公(gong)斤,點施(shi)(shi)(shi)在蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)苗(miao)(miao)周圍,施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)即(ji)(ji)行(xing)耘(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian);始(shi)花(hua)期(qi)重施(shi)(shi)(shi)花(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),于第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)花(hua)蕾(lei)出(chu)現時(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素7.5公(gong)斤加(jia)氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)鉀(jia)4公(gong)斤,全(quan)(quan)(quan)田(tian)(tian)均勻(yun)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)能將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)撒到荷(he)葉(xie)(xie)或花(hua)上(shang),田(tian)(tian)間(jian)保(bao)留3-5厘米(mi)(mi)水(shui)(shui)層(ceng)(ceng);結蓬(peng)初期(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)壯子(zi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素5公(gong)斤,氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)鉀(jia)2.5公(gong)斤、硼(peng)砂0.5公(gong)斤,施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方法同上(shang)。之后(hou)每(mei)(mei)過(guo)10-15天施(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(每(mei)(mei)次(ci)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)用(yong)(yong)量遞減10%),視田(tian)(tian)間(jian)荷(he)苗(miao)(miao)長(chang)勢,全(quan)(quan)(quan)程(cheng)不(bu)(bu)超(chao)過(guo)6次(ci)。 ⑥綜合(he)(he)防治(zhi)。農業防治(zhi):科學(xue)管(guan)水(shui)(shui),即(ji)(ji)淺水(shui)(shui)(5cm)長(chang)苗(miao)(miao)、深(shen)水(shui)(shui)(20cm)開(kai)花(hua)結實,通(tong)過(guo)健身栽(zai)培提高(gao)(gao)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)苗(miao)(miao)的(de)抗逆性;物理防治(zhi):頻振式殺(sha)蟲燈誘殺(sha)斜紋(wen)夜盜(dao)蛾成(cheng)蟲,黃板誘殺(sha)蚜蟲;生(sheng)物防治(zhi):性引誘劑誘殺(sha)斜紋(wen)夜盜(dao)蛾成(cheng)蟲,人工摘(zhai)除荷(he)葉(xie)(xie)上(shang)的(de)斜紋(wen)夜盜(dao)蛾卵塊(kuai)并踩入(ru)泥(ni)中(zhong);化(hua)(hua)學(xue)防治(zhi):腐敗病是蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)藕(ou)(ou)的(de)主要(yao)病害(hai),關鍵是做好蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)田(tian)(tian)和藕(ou)(ou)種消(xiao)毒(du)。發病初期(qi),全(quan)(quan)(quan)田(tian)(tian)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)50—60公(gong)斤。 ⑦適時(shi)(shi)采(cai)收。采(cai)收工作分批進行(xing),當蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)蓬(peng)是紫褐(he)色或黃褐(he)色時(shi)(shi)及時(shi)(shi)采(cai)收,以便去殼、去芯。