《借(jie)東(dong)風(feng)(feng)》是京劇(ju)傳統(tong)經典劇(ju)目,敘述:曹(cao)操伐(fa)吳,兵扎長(chang)江。龐統(tong)獻連環計,誘(you)曹(cao)操釘鎖(suo)戰船(chuan),以(yi)利火攻(gong),曹(cao)操中計。然時值隆冬(dong),獨缺東(dong)風(feng)(feng),難(nan)將火勢引向曹(cao)營,周(zhou)瑜(yu)(yu)因之(zhi)憂思成病(bing)。諸葛(ge)亮料定(ding)甲子(zi)日東(dong)風(feng)(feng)必降(jiang),因借(jie)探病(bing)之(zhi)機向周(zhou)瑜(yu)(yu)建言,自稱能借(jie)得東(dong)風(feng)(feng)。周(zhou)瑜(yu)(yu)為其在南屏(ping)山(shan)搭筑壇臺,諸葛(ge)亮登臺“作法(fa)”,東(dong)風(feng)(feng)果(guo)然如期而至。周(zhou)瑜(yu)(yu)嫉其能,遣將追(zhui)殺,諸葛(ge)亮早(zao)有防(fang)備,在趙云(yun)接應(ying)下返回夏口。
京劇《借東(dong)(dong)風》取材于(yu)古(gu)典小(xiao)說《三國演(yan)(yan)義》,是(shi)繼“群英會(hui)”蔣干盜書,黃蓋詐降(jiang)曹(cao)營,龐統勸說曹(cao)操連鎖戰船,“欲破曹(cao)兵,須用火(huo)攻;萬事俱備,只欠東(dong)(dong)風。”條(tiao)件(jian)下,孔明(ming)在南屏山筑臺祭(ji)風。然(ran)(ran)周瑜(yu)忌(ji)材,埋(mai)伏(fu)將士,欲害(hai)孔明(ming)。孔明(ming)見(jian)東(dong)(dong)風一起,悄(qiao)然(ran)(ran)來(lai)到(dao)江(jiang)邊,與奉命準備的(de)趙(zhao)子龍相見(jian),回轉夏口(kou)。京劇《借東(dong)(dong)風》是(shi)一出(chu)(chu)老生唱工戲,是(shi)馬連良(liang)的(de)代表(biao)作,由于(yu)有“蔣干盜書”、“黃蓋詐降(jiang)”等鋪墊,常與《群英會(hui)》一起演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu),也可以單獨演(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)。
“群(qun)英會(hui)”蔣干盜(dao)書,中(zhong)了(le)(le)周瑜借刀之計(ji),曹(cao)操(cao)錯(cuo)斬了(le)(le)蔡瑁、張(zhang)允。曹(cao)操(cao)悔恨之余,派蔡瑁之弟蔡中(zhong)、蔡和(he)來詐(zha)降,周瑜已(yi)發現其詐(zha),遂將計(ji)就計(ji),把二人留下。
瑜(yu)(yu)并與(yu)東(dong)吳老將黃(huang)蓋(gai)定(ding)(ding)下詐(zha)曹(cao)(cao)營(ying)的(de)苦肉計(ji)(ji)。孔明借箭回營(ying),周瑜(yu)(yu)設宴(yan)慶賀。席(xi)間(jian)談(tan)論軍事,黃(huang)蓋(gai)故意堅主(zhu)降(jiang)曹(cao)(cao);周瑜(yu)(yu)佯裝(zhuang)大(da)怒,責打(da)黃(huang)蓋(gai)。黃(huang)蓋(gai)被(bei)打(da)后,請大(da)夫闞(kan)澤(ze)去曹(cao)(cao)營(ying)下詐(zha)降(jiang)書。曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)發(fa)覺信中(zhong)有(you)詐(zha),欲殺(sha)闞(kan)澤(ze)。但闞(kan)澤(ze)機智鎮定(ding)(ding),從容對答。這時,蔡中(zhong)、蔡和將周瑜(yu)(yu)打(da)黃(huang)蓋(gai)的(de)消息密(mi)報與(yu)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)。操(cao)遂允許黃(huang)蓋(gai)投降(jiang),但仍不放心(xin),故命蔣干再次過江,打(da)聽實信。周瑜(yu)(yu)與(yu)孔明早已決(jue)定(ding)(ding)用火攻曹(cao)(cao)營(ying),現(xian)聞蔣干又(you)來,急(ji)召龐統定(ding)(ding)下連環計(ji)(ji)。蔣干一到周營(ying),便被(bei)周瑜(yu)(yu)發(fa)往西山(shan)茅庵。他夜間(jian)出門閑游,遇(yu)見龐統。統故意說周瑜(yu)(yu)不能容人,蔣干勸說龐統歸曹(cao)(cao)。二人連夜潛(qian)回江北。
龐統勸曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)將(jiang)滿(man)江戰(zhan)船,一列列地(di)連鎖起來,以(yi)便不(bu)慣(guan)乘船的北軍也(ye)(ye)能(neng)水戰(zhan),操(cao)(cao)大喜。戰(zhan)船釘(ding)鎖已畢,曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)以(yi)為此(ci)番順流(liu)而下(xia),必滅(mie)東(dong)吳(wu)。在江中(zhong)大宴諸將(jiang)。時(shi)月上(shang)東(dong)山(shan),將(jiang)士云集,曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)顧盼(pan)自(zi)(zi)雄(xiong),橫槊賦(fu)詩。周瑜見曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)中(zhong)連環計(ji),江臺觀望(wang),十分得意(yi),也(ye)(ye)以(yi)為此(ci)番必可破(po)曹(cao)(cao)了。不(bu)料一陣西北風將(jiang)他驚醒,吳(wu)軍位于東(dong)南,曹(cao)(cao)軍位于西北,這時(shi)候若用火(huo)攻,必燒自(zi)(zi)己而不(bu)能(neng)破(po)敵,遂憂(you)慮成疾。
魯(lu)肅見主帥臥病(bing),求計于孔明。孔明偽言(yan)自己會醫病(bing),寫了一張“病(bing)源”給周瑜,“欲破曹兵,須用火(huo)攻(gong);萬事(shi)俱備,只欠東風。”周瑜一看,病(bing)體豁然而愈。
孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)自言能把東(dong)風借來(lai)。請(qing)周(zhou)(zhou)瑜為他(ta)在南屏山筑(zhu)臺(tai)祭(ji)風。至甲子(zi)日,東(dong)風果然大(da)(da)作。周(zhou)(zhou)瑜原(yuan)已派將士埋伏山后(hou),單等東(dong)風一起,就將孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)殺死(si)。可是孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)見東(dong)風一起,卻(que)悄(qiao)悄(qiao)地逃到江(jiang)邊(bian),那里早有大(da)(da)將趙子(zi)龍奉命備(bei)好(hao)船(chuan)只,迎候孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)回轉夏口。