芒果视频

基本介紹

大(da)(da)云山(shan)漢(han)(han)墓，位置在盱眙縣馬壩鎮云山(shan)村的大(da)(da)云山(shan)頂(ding)，在2009年底由南京(jing)博物院(yuan)考古研(yan)究所進行考古勘探與發掘，取得了重大(da)(da)考古發現。現已確認大(da)(da)云山(shan)頂(ding)部是漢(han)(han)代的一座規(gui)(gui)模宏大(da)(da)的陵園，總面(mian)積達(da)25萬平方米，考古顯示周邊曾(ceng)(ceng)有500米見方的圍墻，里面(mian)曾(ceng)(ceng)經有密集(ji)的建筑(zhu)群(qun)，陵園東門尚(shang)有道路、闕(que)基等遺跡存(cun)在。經過鑒定，這(zhe)是一處西漢(han)(han)早(zao)期的規(gui)(gui)格極高的夫妻同冢異穴(xue)合葬墓，墓主人是江都王劉非。

景點景觀

原來這(zhe)是一(yi)處(chu)極為壯(zhuang)觀(guan)的陵(ling)園(yuan)式諸(zhu)侯(hou)王級別的西漢古墓(mu)群，墓(mu)園(yuan)內(nei)發(fa)現(xian)有大(da)(da)墓(mu)3座(zuo)，武器(qi)坑2座(zuo)，車馬坑1座(zuo)，各(ge)種(zhong)等級的陪葬墓(mu)13座(zuo)。大(da)(da)云山(shan)漢墓(mu)正(zheng)南方(fang)2公里處(chu)為江蘇省文物(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位“東陽城(cheng)遺址”，它與小云山(shan)、青墩山(shan)三(san)山(shan)相連，山(shan)頂(ding)海拔73.6米，是洪澤湖東部地(di)區的唯一(yi)山(shan)地(di)。自(zi)上世紀七十年(nian)代以來，在此發(fa)現(xian)很(hen)多漢墓(mu)并出土大(da)(da)量珍貴文物(wu)(wu)。

實用信息

1號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)、2號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)中均發(fa)(fa)現(xian)黃(huang)腸(chang)題(ti)湊(cou)、金縷玉(yu)衣(yi)和玉(yu)棺(guan)（也稱(cheng)玉(yu)匣)，這是漢代最高級(ji)別(bie)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)葬。全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)黃(huang)腸(chang)題(ti)湊(cou)墓(mu)(mu)僅14座(在江蘇，這是繼揚州天山漢墓(mu)(mu)以后第二次發(fa)(fa)現(xian)黃(huang)腸(chang)題(ti)湊(cou))，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)金縷玉(yu)衣(yi)僅8套(tao)，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)玉(yu)棺(guan)僅2具。這些漢代大墓(mu)(mu)的(de)墓(mu)(mu)主(zhu)(zhu)皆為西漢諸侯王(wang)或(huo)王(wang)后，因此，大云(yun)山1號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)、2號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)人必(bi)定是西漢早期地(di)位十分顯赫的(de)人物。

金縷玉衣

金縷玉衣

大云山(shan)1號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)漢代大型豎穴巖坑(keng)木(mu)(mu)槨墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)35米(mi)(mi)、東(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan)(kuan)26米(mi)(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個深塘(tang)里，當(dang)地(di)(di)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)龍(long)塘(tang)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)雙斜坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道，南(nan)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道長(chang)(chang)40米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)(kuan)8-21米(mi)(mi)，北(bei)(bei)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道被(bei)(bei)開山(shan)采(cai)石破(po)壞，殘長(chang)(chang)30米(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)(kuan)12-16米(mi)(mi)。東(dong)(dong)漢和(he)唐宋時期這(zhe)里多(duo)次被(bei)(bei)盜挖過，盜墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)賊盜走部分財寶后還曾放火焚燒棺(guan)(guan)(guan)木(mu)(mu)。盡(jin)管(guan)如此(ci)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室內(nei)依(yi)然可(ke)(ke)見(jian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)絲楠木(mu)(mu)整齊地(di)(di)碼砌在(zai)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)室外(wai)圍(wei)，能(neng)看出(chu)每(mei)根金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)絲楠木(mu)(mu)直徑都在(zai)30厘米(mi)(mi)左右。 這(zhe)種在(zai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)槨室周(zhou)圍(wei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)貴重(zhong)木(mu)(mu)材堆壘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)框壁結構就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“黃腸題湊(cou)”。1號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)木(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)梓木(mu)(mu)材質，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發現了(le)“金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)縷(lv)(lv)玉(yu)(yu)衣”和(he)“玉(yu)(yu)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)”。“玉(yu)(yu)衣”也稱(cheng)“玉(yu)(yu)匣”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)漢代高(gao)規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殮服，外(wai)觀與人體形狀相同，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)穿(chuan)戴者(zhe)高(gao)貴身(shen)份的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)象征(zheng)。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以黃金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)絲線連結方形玉(yu)(yu)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)縷(lv)(lv)玉(yu)(yu)衣”，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)銀(yin)線、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)線編織玉(yu)(yu)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“銀(yin)縷(lv)(lv)玉(yu)(yu)衣”、“銅(tong)(tong)(tong)縷(lv)(lv)玉(yu)(yu)衣”。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)套(tao)“金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)縷(lv)(lv)玉(yu)(yu)衣”要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兩(liang)千多(duo)玉(yu)(yu)片(pian)和(he)相當(dang)數量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，而(er)且每(mei)塊(kuai)玉(yu)(yu)片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小和(he)形狀都經過嚴密設計和(he)精(jing)細(xi)加工，因此(ci)造(zao)價十分昂貴，通常(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)帝王的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)品(pin)。玉(yu)(yu)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)，即在(zai)木(mu)(mu)制棺(guan)(guan)(guan)木(mu)(mu)上鑲貼玉(yu)(yu)片(pian)之(zhi)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)。1號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)藏槨用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樅木(mu)(mu)，這(zhe)里幸存了(le)大量文物，分藏在(zai)“兩(liang)層(ceng)樓”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：上層(ceng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)裝滿兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馬(ma)車，下層(ceng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐘鼎等生(sheng)活(huo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具。隨葬兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分為(wei)(wei)實用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)明器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩(liang)種。明器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)較小，只有(you)(you)實用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)真(zhen)實大小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幾(ji)分之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。實用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大多(duo)精(jing)美，種類有(you)(you)戟(ji)、矛(mao)、劍、鈹、錐(zhui)、弩機、箭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鏃(zu)、鐵(tie)(tie)鋌(ting)、鎧甲等。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還出(chu)土(tu)了(le)編鐘、編磬(qing)、镈、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼎、鎏金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)龍(long)首銅(tong)(tong)(tong)樂(le)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)架、錯金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)銀(yin)嵌玉(yu)(yu)石瑪瑙銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鎮(zhen)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)甑、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)虎、酒(jiu)筒、錢柜、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)俳優俑、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)祖、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鏡(jing)、帶鉤(gou)、純(chun)銀(yin)傘柄(bing)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)纓絡、紅黃綠(lv)等各(ge)色寶石、環柄(bing)包金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)鐵(tie)(tie)刀、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)燈、各(ge)種精(jing)美玉(yu)(yu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、陶耳杯、陶壺……真(zhen)可(ke)(ke)謂金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、銀(yin)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)、鐵(tie)(tie)、陶、玉(yu)(yu)、漆木(mu)(mu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)各(ge)種器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)應俱全，禮器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、樂(le)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、生(sheng)活(huo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具應有(you)(you)盡(jin)有(you)(you)，幾(ji)乎把生(sheng)前奢(she)華精(jing)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)原封不(bu)動地(di)(di)搬到了(le)地(di)(di)下宮殿中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。值得(de)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個箭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)箙(fu)(fu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)300支箭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，而(er)箭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鏃(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種竟有(you)(you)15種，幾(ji)乎涵(han)蓋了(le)當(dang)時遠程射擊和(he)近程射擊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)箭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鏃(zu)品(pin)種，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)人對兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘愛和(he)專業顯而(er)易見(jian)。2號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)與1號(hao)(hao)并列、相隔(ge)13米(mi)(mi)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也發現了(le)黃腸題湊(cou)、金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)縷(lv)(lv)玉(yu)(yu)衣和(he)玉(yu)(yu)棺(guan)(guan)(guan)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夫人。7號(hao)(hao)坑(keng)位(wei)于(yu)陵園內(nei)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)區域，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)未盜掘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座大型豎穴巖墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)26米(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)西(xi)最寬(kuan)(kuan)處(chu)(chu)達18米(mi)(mi)，坑(keng)內(nei)木(mu)(mu)槨保存基本完好(hao)，南(nan)北(bei)(bei)長(chang)(chang)約15米(mi)(mi)，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1號(hao)(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晚輩(bei)。此(ci)外(wai)，位(wei)于(yu)陵園北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)與西(xi)墻(qiang)(qiang)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)3號(hao)(hao)坑(keng)、6號(hao)(hao)坑(keng)內(nei)還出(chu)土(tu)了(le)大量明器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類鐵(tie)(tie)戟(ji)、鐵(tie)(tie)劍、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)弩機、箭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)鏃(zu)、箭(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)箙(fu)(fu)、盾牌等各(ge)類兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。

玉棺細部

玉棺細部

而(er)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)土的(de)(de)一(yi)件銅鈹(pi)更(geng)令人稱奇。據介(jie)紹(shao)，鈹(pi)是一(yi)種兩面(mian)帶刃(ren)，形狀似劍，裝有(you)長柄(bing)的(de)(de)長兵器(qi)，通常由鈹(pi)首、木柲和銅鐓三部分組成，屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)步兵類(lei)武器(qi)。鈹(pi)在作戰時主(zhu)要用(yong)于(yu)(yu)直刺和砍殺，盛(sheng)行于(yu)(yu)春秋戰國到西漢(han)時期，西漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)期以后逐漸消失。大(da)云(yun)山漢(han)墓(mu)發現的(de)(de)銅鈹(pi)其(qi)帶刃(ren)的(de)(de)前端(duan)類(lei)似短劍，長約30厘米。雖(sui)然距(ju)今至少已有(you)2100年，但(dan)黑色的(de)(de)鈹(pi)身仍泛出(chu)幽暗的(de)(de)光芒，鈹(pi)尖和鋒刃(ren)似乎并沒有(you)缺損(sun)。另外鈹(pi)身上的(de)(de)暗花紋(wen)，更(geng)是令人嘖(ze)嘖(ze)稱嘆。這(zhe)些黑色卷(juan)云(yun)紋(wen)雖(sui)然清晰可見，但(dan)手摸(mo)上去卻(que)很光滑，絲毫感覺不到紋(wen)路的(de)(de)存在。

考古專家介紹說，這(zhe)叫暗(an)花(hua)紋(wen)，是(shi)極(ji)少數精(jing)致的劍(jian)、戈、矛上(shang)所飾的菱形(xing)、米字形(xing)及火焰(yan)狀(zhuang)幾(ji)何裝飾，只在春秋(qiu)戰國時期吳越地區所出的兵器(qi)見到，是(shi)吳越青(qing)銅(tong)兵器(qi)鑄造中特(te)有的絕技。暗(an)花(hua)紋(wen)技術早已失傳，再加上(shang)發(fa)現量極(ji)少，技術上(shang)對暗(an)花(hua)紋(wen)尚無法完全復制，這(zhe)些花(hua)紋(wen)究竟是(shi)怎么(me)形(xing)成的，如今(jin)已成謎。

歷史沿革

大(da)云山漢墓在盱眙縣(xian)馬壩鎮云山村的(de)大(da)云山頂上有個水塘(tang)，當地(di)人(ren)叫“龍(long)塘(tang)”。南京博物院(yuan)考古研究(jiu)所在2009年底開始經過近(jin)1年的(de)考古勘(kan)探與(yu)發掘，取得了重大(da)考古發現。

2009年初，一(yi)(yi)(yi)伙盜(dao)墓(mu)(mu)賊在大(da)(da)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂部(bu)挖掘(jue)古(gu)墓(mu)(mu)，連喪(sang)四條人命，驚動(dong)了(le)當地政府和(he)文物部(bu)門(men)。經國家文物局批準，南(nan)京博物院(yuan)和(he)盱眙縣(xian)人民政府投入巨資(zi)，2009年上半年開(kai)始對大(da)(da)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)漢(han)(han)墓(mu)(mu)進行搶救性挖掘(jue)。經過(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年多的(de)(de)(de)鉆探、發(fa)掘(jue)，現(xian)已確認大(da)(da)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂部(bu)原來是(shi)漢(han)(han)代的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座規模宏大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)陵(ling)園，總面(mian)積達25萬平方(fang)米(mi)，考古(gu)顯示周邊曾(ceng)有(you)500米(mi)見方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)圍墻，里面(mian)曾(ceng)經有(you)密集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)建筑群，陵(ling)園東(dong)門(men)尚有(you)道路、闕基等遺跡(ji)存在。已發(fa)現(xian)南(nan)北走向的(de)(de)(de)三(san)座大(da)(da)墓(mu)(mu)，還有(you)13座陪葬(zang)墓(mu)(mu)，以(yi)及武器(qi)坑和(he)車馬坑。從墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)規模、形制(zhi)及出土文物來看，這是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)處西漢(han)(han)早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)規格極高的(de)(de)(de)夫妻同冢(zhong)異穴合葬(zang)墓(mu)(mu)。自2010年7月中旬起，考古(gu)現(xian)場連續三(san)次(ci)對外開(kai)放，包(bao)括央視、江蘇衛視在內的(de)(de)(de)全國數十(shi)家媒體聚(ju)焦(jiao)大(da)(da)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，對此進行了(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)連續報(bao)道，在社(she)會上掀起了(le)游覽大(da)(da)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)熱潮，一(yi)(yi)(yi)股(gu)股(gu)人流(liu)涌入尚在考古(gu)發(fa)掘(jue)中的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，特別是(shi)大(da)(da)云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)漢(han)(han)墓(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)主身份已成為社(she)會各界的(de)(de)(de)熱門(men)話題(ti)。