芒果视频

基本介紹

朱(zhu)(zhu)檀墓，又稱魯荒(huang)王墓，坐落在鄒(zou)城市(shi)區北九龍(long)山南麓。朱(zhu)(zhu)檀為明太(tai)祖朱(zhu)(zhu)元璋第十子。洪武三年（1370年），出生(sheng)兩個(ge)月受封魯王，15歲就(jiu)藩(fan)兗州(zhou)。他(ta)“好文禮士，善詩歌(ge)”，篤信(xin)道教。為求長生(sheng)不老藥，終日(ri)焚香誦(song)經，燒(shao)煉“仙丹”，結果“餌金石藥，毒發(fa)發(fa)傷(shang)目”，洪武二十二年薨，年僅19歲。朱(zhu)(zhu)元璋惡其荒(huang)唐，謚為“荒(huang)”。墓坐北面南，依山建造，有巨大的封土堆，占(zhan)地1.3萬余平(ping)方米。

景點景觀

歷史(shi)魯(lu)王(wang)朱(zhu)(zhu)檀(tan)陵墓，座落在(zai)鄒城東北12公里的(de)九龍(long)山(shan)南麓，紅(hong)墻護圍，松(song)柏掩(yan)映，為埋(mai)葬和祭祀(si)朱(zhu)(zhu)檀(tan)的(de)地方。據《明(ming)史(shi)》記載(zai)，朱(zhu)(zhu)檀(tan)，系明(ming)太祖第十(shi)(shi)子，洪武三(san)年（1370年）生。生兩月而封為魯(lu)王(wang)。洪武十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年（1385年）15歲時就藩兗(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)，轄四州(zhou)(zhou)二十(shi)(shi)三(san)縣(xian)。朱(zhu)(zhu)檀(tan)“謙恭下士，博學多識，好文(wen)禮(li)士，善詩歌”，甚為朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)璋所喜愛。但住進兗(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)魯(lu)王(wang)府后，誤(wu)入(ru)邪路(lu)，信奉(feng)道(dao)教，終日焚香誦經，燒煉“仙丹”，求不老之藥，希冀長生，結果卻“餌金石藥，毒發傷目”，僅活了(le)19歲。朱(zhu)(zhu)元(yuan)璋獲悉后十(shi)(shi)分(fen)惱(nao)怒(nu)，認為他的(de)行(xing)為實(shi)在(zai)荒唐，遂賜惡謚曰(yue)“荒王(wang)”。 [2]

明魯(lu)荒王(wang)墓(mu)未經盜掘，經過清理，共出土遺物(wu)1100余件，其中珍(zhen)品文物(wu)有織金(jin)緞(duan)龍袍、九旒冕、九縫皮弁(biàn，古代(dai)男子(zi)戴的帽子(zi))、“魯(lu)王(wang)之寶”貼金(jin)木(mu)印、金(jin)鑲玉透雕(diao)玉帶(dai)、唐(tang)代(dai)“天風(feng)海濤”琴、宋(song)高宗題詩扇面、元代(dai)錢選(xuan)白蓮手卷、元版古籍、戧金(jin)云(yun)龍紋(wen)漆箱、青白釉云(yun)龍紋(wen)罐、等等。

擇選風水(shui)寶地不惜人力(li)財力(li)，大(da)興土木，為(wei)(wei)(wei)其修(xiu)建了這處(chu)規(gui)模(mo)(mo)宏大(da)的陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓。荒(huang)(huang)王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，背依九龍(long)(long)山(shan)（為(wei)(wei)(wei)九龍(long)(long)山(shan)第一峰(feng)，號(hao)稱(cheng)“龍(long)(long)頭”，又名“玄(xuan)武(wu)(wu)”），東有(you)臥虎山(shan)，西(xi)有(you)玉(yu)皇山(shan)（又名曰“青(qing)龍(long)(long)”、“白(bai)虎”），南(nan)與朱(zhu)(zhu)雀山(shan)遙(yao)遙(yao)相對，按(an)古代“四(si)(si)神方位(wei)”定穴。《禮記·曲禮上(shang)》：“行(xing)前朱(zhu)(zhu)鳥(niao)而后玄(xuan)武(wu)(wu)”。下(xia)有(you)白(bai)馬(ma)泉，為(wei)(wei)(wei)白(bai)馬(ma)河(he)源頭。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)居高臨下(xia)，向陽瀕水(shui)，四(si)(si)望(wang)山(shan)川回環(huan)，林木葳蕤，風景如畫(hua)(hua)。不僅是(shi)(shi)一處(chu)人間勝境，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)一座典型的明(ming)代親王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)原占(zhan)地面積7萬平方米，規(gui)模(mo)(mo)宏大(da)，氣勢莊(zhuang)嚴(yan)，分為(wei)(wei)(wei)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)和地宮兩(liang)部(bu)分。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)：陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)區(qu)分內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，修(xiu)有(you)內(nei)外護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)。進(jin)入(ru)神道(dao)的第一座門(men)(men)坊是(shi)(shi)午(wu)朝門(men)(men)，前為(wei)(wei)(wei)單拱石(shi)橋(qiao)，名“御橋(qiao)”。石(shi)橋(qiao)攔板上(shang)飾(shi)有(you)透(tou)雕的寶瓶靈芝等圖(tu)案。橋(qiao)東西(xi)兩(liang)側既是(shi)(shi)白(bai)馬(ma)二泉，泉水(shui)明(ming)澈，常年不涸(he)，號(hao)稱(cheng)“龍(long)(long)泉”。過“御橋(qiao)”便是(shi)(shi)內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)。內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)環(huan)以(yi)四(si)(si)周的紅(hong)墻(qiang)(qiang)高3.70米，寬0.70米，為(wei)(wei)(wei)冰(bing)盤檐(yan)式(shi)磚石(shi)結構，陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)園(yuan)分前后兩(liang)進(jin)院落，布局(ju)嚴(yan)謹(jin)，建筑典雅富(fu)麗。南(nan)門(men)(men)三座，中門(men)(men)獨高，旁門(men)(men)稍矮，翼(yi)然并列，系(xi)門(men)(men)洞式(shi)斗拱建筑。雕梁畫(hua)(hua)棟，色彩(cai)絢麗，重檐(yan)斗拱，凌空欲飛，中門(men)(men)坊額上(shang)書“荒(huang)(huang)王(wang)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)”三個(ge)鎏金大(da)字。第二道(dao)門(men)(men)與南(nan)門(men)(men)建筑在同一條中軸線上(shang)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)柱三楹式(shi)歇山(shan)飛檐(yan)建筑。后部(bu)有(you)享殿(dian)，殿(dian)七楹，歇山(shan)重檐(yan)飛角，是(shi)(shi)當(dang)年祭祀魯王(wang)朱(zhu)(zhu)檀的殿(dian)宇(yu)。據說(shuo)當(dang)年內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)的四(si)(si)角上(shang)還(huan)建有(you)角樓。

地(di)(di)(di)宮(gong)：出陵(ling)園后門(men)(men)(men)(men)便是(shi)(shi)方城(cheng)(cheng)明(ming)(ming)樓，是(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)宮(gong)殿的(de)(de)重要標志(zhi)。方城(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)(gao)7.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，周圍建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)2.70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)寬(kuan)的(de)(de)回廊(lang)，供游人飽覽陵(ling)區風光(guang)。方城(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)樓，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歇山(shan)式(shi)飛檐斗拱(gong)(gong)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)，氣勢雄偉(wei)。方城(cheng)(cheng)后便是(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)宮(gong)。地(di)(di)(di)宮(gong)距地(di)(di)(di)表深26米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，由墓(mu)道(dao)、前(qian)(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、后室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)部(bu)分組成(cheng)，依山(shan)鑿石開擴，青磚(zhuan)筑(zhu)(zhu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)封(feng)土。地(di)(di)(di)宮(gong)建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)兩道(dao)石門(men)(men)(men)(men)，墓(mu)道(dao)全長50余米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，并筑(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)用石灰(hui)和(he)(he)糯米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)汁混合澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)三(san)道(dao)擋土墻(qiang)。墓(mu)門(men)(men)(men)(men)前(qian)(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)高(gao)(gao)8.86米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)封(feng)土墻(qiang)，墻(qiang)后便是(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)8.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬(kuan)5.35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)紅色(se)金(jin)(jin)剛(gang)墻(qiang)，墻(qiang)沿飾綠色(se)琉璃瓦和(he)(he)吻(wen)獸。第(di)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)位于入(ru)洞口1.50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)甬(yong)道(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雙扉樞(shu)軸(zhou)式(shi)。門(men)(men)(men)(men)以(yi)巨(ju)石制(zhi)成(cheng)，高(gao)(gao)2.40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)1.30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，厚0.18—0.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，每扇重約2噸，門(men)(men)(men)(men)樞(shu)鑲有(you)(you)(you)重約15公斤的(de)(de)合金(jin)(jin)銅套。門(men)(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)正面(mian)雕有(you)(you)(you)縱橫九(jiu)排門(men)(men)(men)(men)釘(ding)和(he)(he)鐵(tie)質涂金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)鋪首銜環。石門(men)(men)(men)(men)涂紅漆，釘(ding)貼(tie)金(jin)(jin)，六百(bai)年后的(de)(de)今(jin)天，色(se)澤仍十(shi)分鮮(xian)艷。這第(di)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)門(men)(men)(men)(men)即(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)(qian)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)拱(gong)(gong)券式(shi)磚(zhuan)結構，磨(mo)光(guang)方磚(zhuan)鋪地(di)(di)(di)。南北(bei)(bei)長8.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)寬(kuan)5.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)向券頂。墓(mu)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)規(gui)模宏(hong)偉(wei)，高(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)寬(kuan)敞(chang)，堅固嚴密，防(fang)水(shui)性強(qiang)，在建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)(you)獨(du)到(dao)之處。前(qian)(qian)部(bu)當(dang)中(zhong)(zhong)置一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)瓷(ci)缸，直徑1.70米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，內(nei)裝鐵(tie)燈(deng)芯座(zuo)、豆油，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長明(ming)(ming)燈(deng)，又叫(jiao)萬年燈(deng)。后部(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)設(she)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)張(zhang)朱(zhu)紅御(yu)案(an)，案(an)上(shang)(shang)放(fang)盝頂寶匣三(san)只(zhi)。內(nei)裝木(mu)制(zhi)帖金(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)“魯(lu)王之寶”金(jin)(jin)印。室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)還隨(sui)葬有(you)(you)(you)龐大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)木(mu)雕彩繪俑群(qun)，共432件，分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)儀仗(zhang)俑和(he)(he)樂俑。木(mu)俑雕刻精細，刀法簡(jian)練，神態各異(yi)，手(shou)持各種儀仗(zhang)和(he)(he)樂器，其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)拱(gong)(gong)手(shou)而立(li)的(de)(de)文官和(he)(he)身(shen)(shen)材魁偉(wei)的(de)(de)侍(shi)衛。尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)引人注(zhu)目的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)匹(pi)(pi)高(gao)(gao)頭(tou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)馬，昂首而立(li)，是(shi)(shi)出土24匹(pi)(pi)馬中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)健壯肥大(da)(da)(da)(da)華麗(li)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)匹(pi)(pi)。第(di)二道(dao)石門(men)(men)(men)(men)與前(qian)(qian)門(men)(men)(men)(men)基本(ben)相同，兩室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)甬(yong)道(dao)。后室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)棺(guan)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)長8.20米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，南北(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)5.45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)5.50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)砌(qi)有(you)(you)(you)南北(bei)(bei)3.85米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)3.10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，高(gao)(gao)0.50米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)須彌座(zuo)式(shi)棺(guan)床(chuang)，朱(zhu)漆楠木(mu)棺(guan)槨置于棺(guan)床(chuang)上(shang)(shang)。棺(guan)內(nei)朱(zhu)檀(tan)身(shen)(shen)著龍袍，腰(yao)束玉(yu)帶，頭(tou)貫金(jin)(jin)簪，身(shen)(shen)下(xia)鋪19枚金(jin)(jin)錢。棺(guan)床(chuang)兩邊各有(you)(you)(you)兩張(zhang)木(mu)桌和(he)(he)兩個描金(jin)(jin)木(mu)箱。箱內(nei)裝有(you)(you)(you)冠、袍、靴、衣、帽、玉(yu)圭、玉(yu)帶和(he)(he)梳妝具(ju)等(deng)。桌上(shang)(shang)擺(bai)放(fang)著文房四寶和(he)(he)琴棋(qi)詩畫等(deng)物。東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩壁并擺(bai)著葬儀用的(de)(de)匾牌。其它隨(sui)葬品為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)、竹、銅、錫制(zhi)作的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些小冥器和(he)(he)瓷(ci)器等(deng)。

出(chu)(chu)土珍(zhen)貴(gui)文物：朱檀墓共出(chu)(chu)土各(ge)類文物1100余件，保存(cun)基本完好，這(zhe)批豐富寶貴(gui)文物的出(chu)(chu)土，對(dui)研(yan)究(jiu)明初社會(hui)政治(zhi)、經濟、文化(hua)以(yi)及官制、輿服、紡織、書法、繪畫等提(ti)供了極為(wei)珍(zhen)貴(gui)的資料。朱檀墓文物曾在我(wo)國北(bei)京和日本展出(chu)(chu)，引起人(ren)們極大的興(xing)趣(qu)。

出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)量(liang)隨葬(zang)品(pin)大(da)(da)致分為(wei)(wei)冠(guan)服(fu)、儀仗(zhang)、家(jia)具、和文(wen)房四寶(bao)(bao)、琴(qin)(qin)棋書(shu)(shu)畫(hua)(hua)幾類(lei)，其(qi)中(zhong)最突出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是“王冠(guan)”。此冠(guan)通(tong)高(gao)(gao)18厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，長49.4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)30厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。系藤篾(mie)編制，鑲(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)以金(jin)圈、金(jin)邊(bian)、冠(guan)兩(liang)(liang)側飾(shi)梅花(hua)(hua)(hua)穿，貫(guan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)金(jin)簪(zan)。九旒、旒貫(guan)紅、白(bai)(bai)、青(qing)、黃(huang)、黑(hei)五色玉(yu)珠。它體(ti)(ti)現了(le)魯(lu)王朱(zhu)檀的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)貴地(di)(di)位。出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)袍(pao)服(fu)衣(yi)著(zhu)之類(lei)，有(you)(you)盤領(ling)窄袖(xiu)金(jin)織龍袍(pao)，中(zhong)紗單(dan)袍(pao)和交領(ling)暗花(hua)(hua)(hua)云(yun)紋(wen)袍(pao)，織錦圖案(an)(an)非常漂亮，大(da)(da)多用金(jin)線(xian)織成。龍袍(pao)是朱(zhu)檀在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)典的(de)(de)(de)(de)日子里穿的(de)(de)(de)(de)，身(shen)長1.30米(mi)(mi)(mi)，袖(xiu)長約1.10米(mi)(mi)(mi)，交領(ling)窄袖(xiu)，米(mi)(mi)(mi)黃(huang)色，兩(liang)(liang)肩及胸背上繡金(jin)織盤龍云(yun)紋(wen)，袖(xiu)及膝欄飾(shi)行(xing)(xing)龍云(yun)紋(wen)花(hua)(hua)(hua)草(cao)、胸下(xia)部飾(shi)三組(zu)九行(xing)(xing)盤線(xian)，圖案(an)(an)花(hua)(hua)(hua)色豐富多彩，對了(le)解和研究明代(dai)絲織品(pin)有(you)(you)重(zhong)要參考價值。玉(yu)制品(pin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)出(chu)土(tu)文(wen)物(wu)中(zhong)占較(jiao)大(da)(da)比例(li)，其(qi)中(zhong)有(you)(you)件玉(yu)帶(dai)，玉(yu)質(zhi)潤(run)澤，刻工(gong)精美(mei)。它以25節(jie)(jie)羊脂玉(yu)組(zu)成，用金(jin)片鑲(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)嵌(qian)，雕有(you)(you)縷(lv)空靈芝圖案(an)(an)。帶(dai)頭三節(jie)(jie)用雙(shuang)(shuang)層透(tou)花(hua)(hua)(hua)金(jin)片鑲(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)嵌(qian)著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)藍寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)、兩(liang)(liang)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)較(jiao)小藍寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)、十二(er)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)紅寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)、八(ba)粒珍(zhen)珠、六顆(ke)(ke)(ke)綠松石(shi)、兩(liang)(liang)塊長方(fang)(fang)形螢石(shi)(分別(bie)呈(cheng)綠色，粉(fen)色)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)祖母綠和一(yi)(yi)(yi)顆(ke)(ke)(ke)稀有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貓(mao)眼寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)，通(tong)體(ti)(ti)總計鑲(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)嵌(qian)各色寶(bao)(bao)石(shi)33顆(ke)(ke)(ke)。其(qi)工(gong)藝之高(gao)(gao)超，實(shi)屬罕見。此外，還有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)只白(bai)(bai)釉云(yun)龍紋(wen)蓋(gai)罐，口徑24.4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，底(di)徑21.2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，通(tong)高(gao)(gao)37.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。圓唇，直口，圓鼓腹(fu)，平底(di)。胎體(ti)(ti)厚重(zhong)，通(tong)體(ti)(ti)施(shi)青(qing)白(bai)(bai)色釉。蓋(gai)呈(cheng)倒(dao)荷葉形，脈(mo)絡(luo)清晰，寶(bao)(bao)珠鈕。腹(fu)部刻暗雙(shuang)(shuang)龍紋(wen)，昂(ang)首在(zai)(zai)(zai)云(yun)中(zhong)遨(ao)游(you)相逐，龍紋(wen)上下(xia)間隔以卷草(cao)紋(wen)為(wei)(wei)飾(shi)。出(chu)土(tu)時罐內盛放梨、棗、肉、米(mi)(mi)(mi)飯、雞(ji)蛋、菜葉等(deng)(deng)。和兩(liang)(liang)塊質(zhi)地(di)(di)分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)碧玉(yu)和羊脂玉(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)玉(yu)圭，以及玉(yu)硯、玉(yu)佩(pei)、玉(yu)筆(bi)管、玉(yu)筆(bi)架等(deng)(deng)。從這批玉(yu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝水平看(kan)，充(chong)分體(ti)(ti)現了(le)我(wo)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)勞動人(ren)(ren)民高(gao)(gao)超的(de)(de)(de)(de)技藝和聰明才智。“天(tian)風(feng)海濤”琴(qin)(qin)。桐木制成，黑(hei)漆(qi)琴(qin)(qin)身(shen)，裂似蛇蚹，背刻篆書(shu)(shu)“天(tian)風(feng)海濤”。琴(qin)(qin)腹(fu)有(you)(you)龍池、鳳沼(zhao)兩(liang)(liang)共鳴槽。龍池內有(you)(you)“圣宋隆興甲(jia)申(shen)口口，大(da)(da)唐(tang)雷威親斫”兩(liang)(liang)行(xing)(xing)銘文(wen)。雷威為(wei)(wei)唐(tang)代(dai)制琴(qin)(qin)大(da)(da)師，以善(shan)制蛇蚹琴(qin)(qin)而著(zhu)名。南宋大(da)(da)詩(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)陸游(you)詩(shi)(shi)云(yun)：“古(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)蛇蚹評無(wu)(wu)(wu)價，魚腸寶(bao)(bao)劍讬(tuo)有(you)(you)靈”，可(ke)見雷威制作的(de)(de)(de)(de)蛇蚹琴(qin)(qin)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)明代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)琴(qin)(qin)中(zhong)實(shi)為(wei)(wei)傳(chuan)世珍(zhen)品(pin)了(le)。宋葵花(hua)(hua)(hua)蛺蝶扇(shan)面。高(gao)(gao)24.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)25.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。絹本(ben)、金(jin)粉(fen)設色，畫(hua)(hua)上方(fang)(fang)鈐有(you)(you)“皇女市(shi)圖書(shu)(shu)”朱(zhu)印，左下(xia)方(fang)(fang)鈐有(you)(you)“司印”二(er)字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)騎縫朱(zhu)印。背面有(you)(you)宋高(gao)(gao)宗趙構為(wei)(wei)葵花(hua)(hua)(hua)扇(shan)面題的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)字(zi)跋文(wen)：“白(bai)(bai)露才過催(cui)八(ba)月(yue)，紫房紅葉共凄涼；黃(huang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)冷(leng)淡無(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)看(kan)，獨自(zi)傾心向(xiang)夕陽” 元(yuan)錢(qian)選工(gong)筆(bi)白(bai)(bai)蓮畫(hua)(hua)。紙本(ben)。高(gao)(gao)42厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，長90.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，下(xia)有(you)(you)錢(qian)選自(zi)提(ti)七(qi)言詩(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)首：“裊(niao)裊(niao)瑤池白(bai)(bai)玉(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)，往來(lai)青(qing)島(dao)靜無(wu)(wu)(wu)嘩；幽人(ren)(ren)不飲閑攜(xie)杖，但(dan)憶清香伴月(yue)華。”錢(qian)選，宋末(mo)元(yuan)初(chu)人(ren)(ren)。善(shan)畫(hua)(hua)山水花(hua)(hua)(hua)鳥人(ren)(ren)物(wu)，為(wei)(wei)元(yuan)初(chu)畫(hua)(hua)界八(ba)俊之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。這些(xie)宋、元(yuan)古(gu)(gu)畫(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)土(tu)，為(wei)(wei)研究我(wo)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)書(shu)(shu)畫(hua)(hua)藝術(shu)提(ti)供了(le)寶(bao)(bao)貴資料。隨葬(zang)品(pin)還有(you)(you)各種書(shu)(shu)籍共7種21冊。有(you)(you)《朱(zhu)子訂定蔡氏集(ji)傳(chuan)》、《增入(ru)音注括例(li)始(shi)末(mo)胡文(wen)定公(gong)春秋傳(chuan)》、《四書(shu)(shu)集(ji)注》、《少微家(jia)塾點校附音通(tong)簽節(jie)(jie)要》、《朱(zhu)文(wen)公(gong)校昌黎先(xian)生文(wen)集(ji)》、《黃(huang)氏補千(qian)家(jia)注紀(ji)年(nian)杜工(gong)部詩(shi)(shi)史》等(deng)(deng)。這些(xie)宋元(yuan)版本(ben)已是傳(chuan)世珍(zhen)品(pin)，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)更是海內孤本(ben)，實(shi)為(wei)(wei)瑰寶(bao)(bao)。

中國歷代帝王為(wei)了(le)顯(xian)示地(di)位(wei)和尊貴，提倡“厚葬以明孝”，不(bu)惜動(dong)(dong)用大量人(ren)力物(wu)力修建(jian)(jian)巨大的(de)陵墓，朱檀陵園的(de)建(jian)(jian)造，在當時實為(wei)一項浩大的(de)系(xi)統工程(cheng)。僅(jin)掘石開擴，填(tian)積封土，動(dong)(dong)用土石方量約計20余萬立方米(mi)。這座具有600多年歷史(shi)的(de)古建(jian)(jian)筑群，充分(fen)展(zhan)示了(le)古代勞動(dong)(dong)人(ren)民的(de)智慧和力量。

1970年春(chun)至1971年，山(shan)東省、濟寧地(di)(di)區和鄒縣考古工(gong)作者(zhe)在有(you)關部(bu)門配合下(xia)，對荒(huang)王(wang)陵地(di)(di)宮(gong)進行了發掘，出土文物1300余種(zhong)，不僅是(shi)山(shan)東省至今(jin)發現最大(da)的，而(er)且(qie)是(shi)京南(nan)江北最大(da)的地(di)(di)下(xia)宮(gong)殿(dian)。

從1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始，鄒城市(shi)人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)投入巨(ju)資對荒(huang)(huang)(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵進行修復(fu)建(jian)設，歷(li)時兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，今日的荒(huang)(huang)(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陵重現昔日雄姿。現已建(jian)立了朱(zhu)檀(tan)墓(mu)(mu)文物管理所，復(fu)制文物近(jin)300件，按墓(mu)(mu)內(nei)原貌(mao)布(bu)置陣列，每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)都(dou)吸引著(zhu)大批中外游人來此覽勝，現已被(bei)公布(bu)為山(shan)東省重點文物保護單位。附：魯荒(huang)(huang)(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)世(shi)襲(xi)表魯荒(huang)(huang)(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)檀(tan)，太(tai)祖庶(shu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子，洪武三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)就藩兗州府(fu)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)。靖(jing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肇輝，荒(huang)(huang)(huang)庶(shu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)子，永樂(le)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。成化二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)。惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)泰堪，靖(jing)嫡一(yi)(yi)(yi)子，成化三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)。莊(zhuang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)陽鑄(zhu)，惠嫡一(yi)(yi)(yi)子，成化十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，嘉(jia)(jia)靖(jing)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)。當漇，莊(zhuang)嫡一(yi)(yi)(yi)子，成化十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)世(shi)子，弘(hong)治十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)。以孫(sun)觀(guan)火定(ding) 襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，追封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。溢(yi)曰懷。健(jian)木戈 ，懷嫡一(yi)(yi)(yi)子，弘(hong)治十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)世(shi)孫(sun)。正德十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)，以子觀(guan)火定(ding) 襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。追封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，溢(yi)曰悼(dao)。端王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)觀(guan)火定(ding) ，悼(dao)嫡一(yi)(yi)(yi)子，嘉(jia)(jia)靖(jing)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)。恭(gong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)頤坦，端一(yi)(yi)(yi)子，嘉(jia)(jia)靖(jing)三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)襲(xi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。萬歷(li)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)。敬王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)壽(shou)增，恭(gong)庶(shu)六子，初(chu)(chu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)富平王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)。無子。憲王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)壽(shou)钅(jin)宏，恭(gong)庶(shu)七子，初(chu)(chu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)常德王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。萬歷(li)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)進封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。崇(chong)禎(zhen)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)。無子。肅(su)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)壽(shou)鏞、恭(gong)庶(shu)九(jiu)子，初(chu)(chu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)泰興王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。崇(chong)禎(zhen)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)進封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)(hong)。自(zi)朱(zhu)檀(tan)始，共傳十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，前后(hou)延續達283年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，貫穿(chuan)整個明代(dai)。

實用信息

1970年(nian)春，山東(dong)省(sheng)博物(wu)(wu)館組織發掘朱檀墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)距地表(biao)深20余(yu)米，鑿石開(kai)壙，砌以磚(zhuan)室(shi)(shi)，墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道居南(nan)側。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)封門(men)墻(qiang)、金(jin)剛墻(qiang)、墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)通(tong)長20.6米，有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)重門(men)，分前(qian)(qian)后兩(liang)室(shi)(shi)，兩(liang)室(shi)(shi)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)甬(yong)道相連，前(qian)(qian)室(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)部正中(zhong)置(zhi)(zhi)一大缸，內有(you)(you)(you)(you)一盞萬年(nian)燈；后部中(zhong)央設一紅御(yu)案(an)，案(an)面有(you)(you)(you)(you)藍頂寶匣，內盛(sheng)“魯王之寶”印；御(yu)案(an)之前(qian)(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)木雕(diao)(diao)彩(cai)繪俑群，其中(zhong)武士俑、儀仗俑、樂俑、侍衛俑380個，馬俑24個，車2輛。后室(shi)(shi)正中(zhong)朱檀棺(guan)槨置(zhi)(zhi)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)棺(guan)床之長。因墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)長年(nian)積(ji)水，隨葬品6000余(yu)件(jian)大多保存完好，出土有(you)(you)(you)(you)戧金(jin)漆(qi)箱、南(nan)宋(song)“天風海濤(tao)”琴(qin)、織金(jin)緞龍(long)袍(pao)、雙層透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)玉帶、冕旒等(deng)衣物(wu)(wu)。最珍(zhen)貴(gui)的(de)是保存了(le)宋(song)高(gao)宗題跋的(de)金(jin)粉“葵花(hua)蛺蝶”扇面、元(yuan)(yuan) 錢選自(zi)跋的(de)白蓮手卷和無款金(jin)碧山水絹(juan)畫三件(jian)等(deng)均為(wei)國內罕(han)見的(de)文物(wu)(wu)珍(zhen)品。以及《四書集注(zhu)》、《通(tong)鑒節要》、《杜工(gong)部詩史》等(deng)七(qi)種二十余(yu)冊元(yuan)(yuan)刻本書籍(ji)。自(zi)1985年(nian)起，鄒縣(xian)（今鄒城市）人民政府(fu)陸續修復(fu)了(le)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前(qian)(qian)的(de)陵(ling)園建筑，復(fu)原了(le)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)(shi)的(de)陳列(lie)，并對外開(kai)放。