草(cao)船借箭是我國(guo)古(gu)典名(ming)著《三國(guo)演義》中赤壁之戰的(de)一個故(gu)事。借箭由周瑜故(gu)意提出(限十天造十萬支(zhi)箭),機(ji)智的(de)諸葛(ge)亮一眼(yan)識破是一條害人之計,卻淡定表示“只(zhi)需要三天”。后(hou)來,有(you)魯肅幫(bang)忙(mang),諸葛(ge)亮再利用(yong)曹(cao)操(cao)多疑的(de)性格(ge),調了幾條草(cao)船誘敵,終于“借”到了十萬余支(zhi)箭。
卻說魯(lu)(lu)肅(su)(su)領了(le)周瑜言語(yu),徑來(lai)舟中相探孔(kong)明(ming)。孔(kong)明(ming)接入小舟對(dui)坐。肅(su)(su)曰(yue)(yue):“連日措辦軍(jun)(jun)務,有失聽教。”孔(kong)明(ming)曰(yue)(yue):“便是(shi)亮(liang)(liang)亦未與都(dou)督(du)(du)賀喜。”肅(su)(su)曰(yue)(yue):“何(he)(he)(he)喜?”孔(kong)明(ming)曰(yue)(yue):“公(gong)(gong)(gong)瑾(jin)(jin)使先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)來(lai)探亮(liang)(liang)知(zhi)(zhi)也不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi),便是(shi)這(zhe)件事(shi)可賀喜耳。”諕得(de)魯(lu)(lu)肅(su)(su)失色問(wen)曰(yue)(yue):“先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)何(he)(he)(he)由知(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)?”孔(kong)明(ming)曰(yue)(yue):“這(zhe)條計(ji)只好(hao)弄蔣干。曹(cao)操、雖被一時瞞過,必然便省悟,只是(shi)不(bu)肯認錯耳。今蔡、張兩(liang)人(ren)既死,江東無患矣(yi),如何(he)(he)(he)不(bu)賀喜!吾(wu)聞曹(cao)操換毛玠、于禁為(wei)水(shui)軍(jun)(jun)都(dou)督(du)(du),則這(zhe)兩(liang)個手里,好(hao)歹送(song)了(le)水(shui)軍(jun)(jun)性命(ming)。”魯(lu)(lu)肅(su)(su)聽了(le),開口不(bu)得(de),把些言語(yu)支(zhi)吾(wu)了(le)半晌,別孔(kong)明(ming)而(er)(er)回。孔(kong)明(ming)囑曰(yue)(yue):“望子(zi)敬(jing)在公(gong)(gong)(gong)瑾(jin)(jin)面前勿言亮(liang)(liang)先(xian)知(zhi)(zhi)此事(shi)。恐公(gong)(gong)(gong)瑾(jin)(jin)心懷妒忌,又要尋事(shi)害亮(liang)(liang)。”魯(lu)(lu)肅(su)(su)應諾而(er)(er)去,回見(jian)周瑜,把上(shang)項事(shi)只得(de)實(shi)說了(le)。瑜大驚曰(yue)(yue):“此人(ren)決不(bu)可留!吾(wu)決意斬之(zhi)!”肅(su)(su)勸曰(yue)(yue):“若殺孔(kong)明(ming),卻被曹(cao)操笑也。”瑜曰(yue)(yue):“吾(wu)自有公(gong)(gong)(gong)道(dao)斬之(zhi),教他死而(er)(er)無怨。”肅(su)(su)曰(yue)(yue):“何(he)(he)(he)以公(gong)(gong)(gong)道(dao)斬之(zhi)?”瑜曰(yue)(yue):“子(zi)敬(jing)休問(wen),來(lai)日便見(jian)。”
次日(ri)(ri)(ri),(周瑜(yu)(yu))聚眾(zhong)將(jiang)于帳下,教請孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)議事(shi)。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)欣(xin)然而至。坐定(ding),瑜(yu)(yu)問孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“即日(ri)(ri)(ri)將(jiang)與曹(cao)軍(jun)交戰,水路交兵(bing),當以何(he)兵(bing)器(qi)為(wei)先?”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“大(da)江(jiang)之上,以弓(gong)箭(jian)為(wei)先。”瑜(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“先生(sheng)(sheng)之言,甚(shen)合愚意。但(dan)今(jin)軍(jun)中正缺箭(jian)用(yong),敢(gan)煩先生(sheng)(sheng)監造(zao)十萬支箭(jian),以為(wei)應敵(di)之具。此(ci)系公事(shi),先生(sheng)(sheng)幸(xing)勿推卻。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“都(dou)督見委,自當效勞(lao)。敢(gan)問十萬枝箭(jian),何(he)時要(yao)用(yong)?”瑜(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“十日(ri)(ri)(ri)之內,可(ke)(ke)完辦否(fou)?”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“曹(cao)軍(jun)即日(ri)(ri)(ri)將(jiang)至,若候十日(ri)(ri)(ri),必誤大(da)事(shi)。”瑜(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“先生(sheng)(sheng)料(liao)幾日(ri)(ri)(ri)可(ke)(ke)完辦?”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“只(zhi)消三日(ri)(ri)(ri),便可(ke)(ke)拜納(na)十萬支箭(jian)。”瑜(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“軍(jun)中無戲(xi)言。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“怎敢(gan)戲(xi)都(dou)督!愿納(na)軍(jun)令狀:三日(ri)(ri)(ri)不辦,甘當重罰。”周瑜(yu)(yu)大(da)喜,喚軍(jun)政司當面取了(le)文書,置酒相(xiang)待(dai)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“待(dai)軍(jun)事(shi)畢(bi)后,自有酬勞(lao)。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“今(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)已不及(ji),來日(ri)(ri)(ri)造(zao)起(qi)。至第(di)三日(ri)(ri)(ri),可(ke)(ke)差五(wu)百小軍(jun)到江(jiang)邊搬箭(jian)。”飲了(le)數(shu)杯,辭去。魯(lu)肅曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“此(ci)人莫非(fei)詐乎?”瑜(yu)(yu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“他(ta)自送(song)死(si),非(fei)我逼他(ta)。今(jin)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)白對眾(zhong)要(yao)了(le)文書,他(ta)便兩脅(xie)生(sheng)(sheng)翅(chi),也(ye)飛不去。我只(zhi)分(fen)付軍(jun)匠人等,叫他(ta)故意遲延,凡應用(yong)物件,都(dou)不與齊備。如此(ci),必然誤了(le)日(ri)(ri)(ri)期。那時定(ding)罪,有何(he)理說(shuo)?公今(jin)可(ke)(ke)去探他(ta)虛實,卻來回(hui)報。”
肅領(ling)命來(lai)見孔明。孔明曰:“吾(wu)曾(ceng)告子(zi)敬(jing),休對(dui)公(gong)瑾說,他必要(yao)害我(wo)。不想(xiang)子(zi)敬(jing)不肯為(wei)我(wo)隱諱,今(jin)日果然又弄出事(shi)來(lai)。三(san)日內(nei)如(ru)何(he)造得十萬(wan)箭?子(zi)敬(jing)只(zhi)得救我(wo)!”肅曰:“公(gong)自取其(qi)禍,我(wo)如(ru)何(he)救得你?”孔明曰:“望子(zi)敬(jing)借(jie)我(wo)二十只(zhi)船(chuan),每船(chuan)要(yao)軍士三(san)十人,船(chuan)上皆用(yong)青布為(wei)幔(man),各束草千余(yu)個,分布兩邊。吾(wu)別有(you)妙用(yong)。第三(san)日保管有(you)十萬(wan)枝箭。只(zhi)不可又教公(gong)瑾得知,若彼知之(zhi),吾(wu)計敗矣。”肅允諾,卻不解其(qi)意,回報(bao)周瑜(yu),果然不提(ti)起(qi)借(jie)船(chuan)之(zhi)事(shi),只(zhi)言:“孔明并不用(yong)箭竹、翎毛、膠(jiao)漆等物,自有(you)道理(li)。”瑜(yu)大(da)疑曰:“且(qie)看他三(san)日后如(ru)何(he)回覆我(wo)!”
卻說魯(lu)肅私自撥輕(qing)快(kuai)船(chuan)(chuan)二(er)十(shi)只,各船(chuan)(chuan)三十(shi)余人,并布(bu)幔束草(cao)等物(wu),盡皆齊備,候孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)調用。第一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)卻不(bu)(bu)見孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)動(dong)靜;第二(er)日(ri)(ri)亦只不(bu)(bu)動(dong)。至(zhi)第三日(ri)(ri)四(si)更(geng)時分,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)密(mi)請魯(lu)肅到船(chuan)(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)。肅問(wen)曰(yue):“公召我來何(he)意?”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)曰(yue):“特(te)請子(zi)敬同往(wang)取箭。”肅曰(yue):“何(he)處去取?”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)曰(yue):“子(zi)敬休問(wen),前(qian)去便見。”遂命將(jiang)(jiang)二(er)十(shi)只船(chuan)(chuan),用長(chang)(chang)索(suo)相連(lian),徑望北岸(an)進發。是(shi)夜大(da)(da)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)漫天(tian),長(chang)(chang)江之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氣(qi)更(geng)甚,對面(mian)不(bu)(bu)相見。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)促舟(zhou)前(qian)進,果然是(shi)好(hao)大(da)(da)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)!前(qian)人有篇《大(da)(da)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)垂江賦》曰(yue):“大(da)(da)哉長(chang)(chang)江!西接(jie)(jie)岷、峨,南(nan)控三吳(wu),北帶九(jiu)河。匯百川(chuan)而入海(hai)(hai),歷萬(wan)古以揚波(bo)。至(zhi)若(ruo)龍(long)伯、海(hai)(hai)若(ruo),江妃(fei)、水母,長(chang)(chang)鯨千丈,天(tian)蜈九(jiu)首,鬼怪異類,咸集而有。蓋(gai)夫鬼神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)憑依,英雄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)戰守(shou)也。時也陰陽既亂(luan),昧爽不(bu)(bu)分。訝長(chang)(chang)空(kong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)色,忽大(da)(da)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)屯。雖(sui)輿薪而莫(mo)睹,惟金鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可聞。初若(ruo)溟蒙,才隱(yin)南(nan)山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豹;漸而充塞(sai),欲迷(mi)北海(hai)(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鯤。然后上(shang)(shang)接(jie)(jie)高天(tian),下(xia)垂厚地;渺乎(hu)蒼茫(mang),浩(hao)乎(hu)無(wu)際。鯨鯢出(chu)水而騰(teng)波(bo),蛟龍(long)潛淵(yuan)而吐氣(qi)。又如(ru)(ru)梅霖收溽,春陰釀(niang)寒(han);溟溟漠漠,浩(hao)浩(hao)漫漫。東(dong)失柴桑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岸(an),南(nan)無(wu)夏口(kou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)。戰船(chuan)(chuan)千艘(sou),俱沉淪于(yu)(yu)巖壑;漁舟(zhou)一(yi)(yi)葉,驚出(chu)沒于(yu)(yu)波(bo)瀾。甚則穹吳(wu)無(wu)光(guang),朝陽失色;返白晝為(wei)(wei)昏黃,變丹山(shan)為(wei)(wei)水碧。雖(sui)大(da)(da)禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)智,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)測其淺深;離(li)婁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming),焉能(neng)辨乎(hu)咫尺?于(yu)(yu)是(shi)馮(feng)夷息浪,屏(ping)翳收功;魚鱉遁跡,鳥獸潛蹤。隔斷蓬萊(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)島,暗圍閶闔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宮。恍惚(hu)奔騰(teng),如(ru)(ru)驟雨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi);紛紜雜沓,若(ruo)寒(han)云之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲同。乃(nai)能(neng)中(zhong)(zhong)隱(yin)毒蛇,因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而為(wei)(wei)瘴癘;內藏妖魅,憑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而為(wei)(wei)禍害。降疾厄于(yu)(yu)人間,起風塵于(yu)(yu)塞(sai)外。小民遇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夭傷,大(da)(da)人觀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感慨。蓋(gai)將(jiang)(jiang)返元(yuan)氣(qi)于(yu)(yu)洪(hong)荒,混天(tian)地為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)塊。”當夜五更(geng)時候,船(chuan)(chuan)已近(jin)曹操水寨。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)教把船(chuan)(chuan)只頭(tou)西尾東(dong),一(yi)(yi)帶擺開,就船(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)(shang)擂(lei)鼓吶喊。魯(lu)肅驚曰(yue):“倘曹兵齊出(chu),如(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奈何(he)?”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)笑曰(yue):“吾(wu)料曹操于(yu)(yu)重(zhong)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)必不(bu)(bu)敢出(chu)。吾(wu)等只顧(gu)酌酒取樂,待(dai)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)散便回。”
卻說(shuo)曹(cao)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)中,聽得擂鼓(gu)吶喊,毛玠(jie)、于(yu)禁二(er)人慌忙飛報(bao)曹(cao)操。操傳令(ling)曰:“重霧迷江(jiang),彼軍(jun)(jun)忽至(zhi),必(bi)有埋(mai)伏,切不可輕動。可撥水軍(jun)(jun)弓(gong)弩(nu)(nu)手(shou)(shou)亂箭(jian)射之。”又差人往旱寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)內(nei)喚張遼、徐(xu)晃(huang)各帶(dai)弓(gong)弩(nu)(nu)軍(jun)(jun)三千(qian),火速(su)到(dao)江(jiang)邊助(zhu)射。比(bi)及號令(ling)到(dao)來,毛玠(jie)、于(yu)禁怕(pa)南軍(jun)(jun)搶入水寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai),已(yi)(yi)差弓(gong)弩(nu)(nu)手(shou)(shou)在寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)前(qian)放箭(jian);少頃,旱寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)內(nei)弓(gong)弩(nu)(nu)手(shou)(shou)亦到(dao),約一萬(wan)余(yu)人,盡皆向江(jiang)中放箭(jian):箭(jian)如雨(yu)發。孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)教把船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)吊回(hui),頭東(dong)尾西(xi),逼近(jin)水寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)受箭(jian),一面擂鼓(gu)吶喊。待至(zhi)日高霧散(san),孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)令(ling)收船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)急(ji)回(hui)。二(er)十只船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)兩邊束草上,排(pai)滿箭(jian)支。孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)令(ling)各船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)上軍(jun)(jun)士(shi)齊(qi)聲叫曰:“謝丞相箭(jian)!”比(bi)及曹(cao)軍(jun)(jun)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)內(nei)報(bao)知曹(cao)操時,這(zhe)里船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輕水急(ji),已(yi)(yi)放回(hui)二(er)十余(yu)里,追(zhui)之不及。曹(cao)操懊悔(hui)不已(yi)(yi)。
卻說孔明回船謂(wei)魯肅(su)曰:“每船上箭約五六(liu)千(qian)矣(yi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)費江東(dong)半(ban)分之力,已得十(shi)萬余箭。明日(ri)即將(jiang)來射曹軍,卻不(bu)(bu)(bu)甚便!”肅(su)曰:“先(xian)生真(zhen)神人也!何以知今日(ri)如此大霧?”孔明曰:“為將(jiang)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)通天(tian)文,不(bu)(bu)(bu)識地(di)理,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知奇門(men),不(bu)(bu)(bu)曉陰陽,不(bu)(bu)(bu)看陣圖,不(bu)(bu)(bu)明兵(bing)勢,是庸才也。亮于三日(ri)前已算(suan)定(ding)今日(ri)有大霧,因(yin)此敢(gan)任三日(ri)之限。公瑾(jin)教我十(shi)日(ri)完辦,工(gong)匠料物,都不(bu)(bu)(bu)應手,將(jiang)這一(yi)件風流罪過,明白要殺我。我命(ming)系于天(tian),公瑾(jin)焉能(neng)害(hai)我哉!”魯肅(su)拜(bai)服(fu)。
船到岸時,周瑜(yu)已差五百軍(jun)在(zai)江(jiang)邊等候搬箭(jian)。孔(kong)(kong)明教于船上(shang)取之,可得十余萬(wan)枝(zhi),都(dou)搬入中(zhong)軍(jun)帳(zhang)交(jiao)納。魯肅人見周瑜(yu),備說孔(kong)(kong)明取箭(jian)之事。瑜(yu)大驚,慨然嘆曰:“孔(kong)(kong)明神機妙算,吾不如也!”后人有詩贊曰:“一天濃霧滿長江(jiang),遠近難分水渺茫(mang)。驟(zou)雨飛蝗(huang)來戰艦,孔(kong)(kong)明今(jin)日伏周郎。”
少(shao)頃,孔明入寨見(jian)周瑜。瑜下帳迎之,稱羨曰(yue):“先生(sheng)神算,使人敬服(fu)。”孔明曰(yue):“詭(gui)譎小(xiao)計,何足為奇。”
周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)瑜提出讓諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮在十日之內趕制(zhi)十萬支箭(jian)的要求,諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮卻出人(ren)意外地說:“曹操大(da)(da)軍(jun)(jun)即日將至(zhi),若候十日,必(bi)誤大(da)(da)事。”他表示:“只須三天(tian)(tian)的時(shi)間(jian),就可以辦完復命。”周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)瑜一(yi)聽(ting)大(da)(da)喜,當即與諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮立下了軍(jun)(jun)令狀。在周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)瑜看來,諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮無論如(ru)何也不可能在三天(tian)(tian)之內造出十萬枝箭(jian),因此,諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮必(bi)死無疑(yi)。
諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)告辭以(yi)后(hou),周(zhou)(zhou)瑜(yu)就讓魯肅到(dao)(dao)諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)處查看動靜,打(da)探虛實。諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)一見(jian)(jian)魯肅就說:“三(san)日之(zhi)內(nei)如何(he)能造出十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)枝箭?還望(wang)子敬救我(wo)(wo)!”忠厚(hou)善(shan)良的魯肅回答說:“你自取其禍,叫我(wo)(wo)如何(he)救你?”諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)說:“只(zhi)望(wang)你借(jie)給我(wo)(wo)二十(shi)(shi)只(zhi)船,每船配置三(san)十(shi)(shi)名(ming)軍士(shi),船只(zhi)全用青布為幔(man),各束草把(ba)千余(yu)個,分別豎(shu)在船的兩舷。這一切,我(wo)(wo)自有妙用,到(dao)(dao)第三(san)日包管會有十(shi)(shi)萬(wan)支箭。但有一條,你千萬(wan)不(bu)(bu)能讓周(zhou)(zhou)瑜(yu)知(zhi)(zhi)道。如果他知(zhi)(zhi)道了(le),必(bi)定從中作梗,我(wo)(wo)的計(ji)劃就很難實現了(le)。”魯肅雖然答應了(le)諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)的請求,但并(bing)不(bu)(bu)明白諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)的意思。他見(jian)(jian)到(dao)(dao)周(zhou)(zhou)瑜(yu)后(hou),不(bu)(bu)談借(jie)船之(zhi)事,只(zhi)說諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)(liang)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)準備造箭用的竹、翎毛、膠漆等物品。周(zhou)(zhou)瑜(yu)聽(ting)罷也大惑(huo)不(bu)(bu)解(jie)。
諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)向魯(lu)肅借得船只(zhi)、兵卒以后,按計劃準備停當(dang)。第(di)一天,不(bu)(bu)見諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)有(you)(you)什(shen)么動靜!第(di)二天,仍然不(bu)(bu)見諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)有(you)(you)什(shen)么動靜!直到(dao)第(di)三天夜(ye)里四(si)更時(shi)分,他才秘密地將魯(lu)肅請到(dao)船上,并告訴魯(lu)肅要去取(qu)箭。魯(lu)肅不(bu)(bu)解(jie)地問:“到(dao)何處(chu)去取(qu)?”諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)回答(da)道:“子敬不(bu)(bu)用問,前去便(bian)知。”魯(lu)肅被弄得莫(mo)名其妙(miao),只(zhi)得陪伴著諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)去看個究竟。
凌(ling)晨,浩(hao)浩(hao)江面霧(wu)氣霏霏,漆黑一片。諸葛亮遂(sui)命(ming)用長索(suo)將(jiang)二(er)十只船(chuan)連在一起,起錨向北岸曹(cao)軍(jun)大(da)營進(jin)發。時至五更,船(chuan)隊(dui)已接近曹(cao)操的(de)(de)水寨(zhai)(zhai)。這時,諸葛亮又(you)教(jiao)士卒(zu)將(jiang)船(chuan)只頭西尾東一字擺開,橫于(yu)曹(cao)軍(jun)寨(zhai)(zhai)前。然(ran)后,他(ta)又(you)命(ming)令士卒(zu)擂鼓(gu)吶喊(han),故意制(zhi)造了(le)一種擊鼓(gu)進(jin)兵的(de)(de)聲(sheng)勢。魯肅(su)見狀,大(da)驚失(shi)色(se),諸葛亮卻心底坦然(ran)地告訴他(ta)說:“我(wo)料定(ding),在這濃霧(wu)低垂(chui)的(de)(de)夜里(li),曹(cao)操決不敢毅然(ran)出(chu)戰。你我(wo)盡(jin)可放心地飲酒取樂(le),等到(dao)大(da)霧(wu)散盡(jin),我(wo)們便回。”
曹(cao)操聞報后,果(guo)然擔(dan)心(xin)重霧迷江(jiang)(jiang),遭到(dao)(dao)埋伏,不(bu)肯輕易出戰。他急調旱(han)寨(zhai)的(de)弓(gong)弩(nu)手六千多人(ren)趕到(dao)(dao)江(jiang)(jiang)邊,會(hui)同水軍(jun)射(she)手,共(gong)約一(yi)萬多人(ren),一(yi)齊向(xiang)江(jiang)(jiang)中亂射(she),企圖以此阻(zu)止擊(ji)鼓叫陣的(de)“孫(sun)劉聯軍(jun)”。一(yi)時(shi)間,箭如飛蝗,紛(fen)紛(fen)射(she)在江(jiang)(jiang)心(xin)船上(shang)的(de)草把(ba)和(he)布幔之(zhi)上(shang)。過些時(shi)間,諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)又命(ming)令(ling)船隊頭東尾西(xi),靠(kao)近(jin)水寨(zhai),并(bing)囑加勁擂鼓吶喊。等(deng)到(dao)(dao)日出霧散,船上(shang)草把(ba)排滿密密麻(ma)麻(ma)的(de)箭枝。此時(shi),諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)才(cai)下令(ling)船隊返回。還(huan)命(ming)令(ling)士卒齊聲大(da)喊:“謝曹(cao)丞相賜箭!”當曹(cao)操得知時(shi),諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)取(qu)箭船隊因順風順水,已經離去20余里,曹(cao)軍(jun)追之(zhi)不(bu)及,曹(cao)操懊悔不(bu)已。
船(chuan)隊(dui)返營后,共得(de)箭(jian)十幾萬枝,為(wei)時不過三(san)天。魯肅目睹其事(shi),極(ji)稱諸葛亮為(wei)“神(shen)人”。諸葛亮對魯肅講:自(zi)己不僅通(tong)天文(wen),識(shi)地理,而且也知奇門,曉陰陽。更擅長行軍作戰(zhan)中的布陣和兵勢(shi),在3天之前(qian)已料定必(bi)有大霧可以利用(yong)。他最后說:“我(wo)的性命系(xi)之于(yu)天,周(zhou)公瑾豈能害(hai)我(wo)!”當(dang)周(zhou)瑜得(de)知這一(yi)切以后自(zi)嘆不如。
此篇典故已(yi)經寫入小(xiao)學部編版五年級下冊(ce)語(yu)文(wen)教(jiao)材,以下是(shi)語(yu)文(wen)教(jiao)材里的原文(wen)。
周(zhou)瑜對諸葛亮心懷妒忌(ji)。
有(you)一天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),周(zhou)瑜請(qing)(qing)諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)亮商議軍(jun)事,說(shuo):“我(wo)們就(jiu)要跟(gen)曹(cao)軍(jun)交戰了(le)。水(shui)上交戰,用(yong)什么(me)兵器最好?”諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)亮說(shuo):“用(yong)弓箭最好。”周(zhou)瑜說(shuo):“對,先生(sheng)和(he)我(wo)想的一樣。現(xian)在軍(jun)中缺箭,想請(qing)(qing)先生(sheng)負(fu)責趕造(zao)(zao)十(shi)萬支。這是公事,希望先生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)要推卸(xie)。”諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)亮說(shuo):“都督委托,當(dang)然(ran)照辦。不(bu)(bu)知道這十(shi)萬支箭什么(me)時候用(yong)?”周(zhou)瑜問:“十(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)造(zao)(zao)得(de)好嗎?”諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)亮說(shuo):“既然(ran)就(jiu)要交戰,十(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)造(zao)(zao)好,必然(ran)誤了(le)大事。”周(zhou)瑜問:“先生(sheng)預計幾天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)可(ke)以造(zao)(zao)好?”諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)亮說(shuo):“只要三天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。”周(zhou)瑜說(shuo):“軍(jun)情(qing)緊(jin)急(ji),可(ke)不(bu)(bu)能開玩笑。”諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)亮說(shuo):“怎么(me)敢跟(gen)都督開玩笑?我(wo)愿意(yi)立下軍(jun)令(ling)狀(zhuang),三天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)造(zao)(zao)不(bu)(bu)好,甘受重罰。”周(zhou)瑜很高興,叫諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)亮當(dang)面立下軍(jun)令(ling)狀(zhuang),又擺(bai)了(le)酒(jiu)席招待他。諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)亮說(shuo):“今(jin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)來不(bu)(bu)及了(le)。從明(ming)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)算起,到第三天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),請(qing)(qing)派五百個軍(jun)士到江邊來搬(ban)箭。”諸(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)亮喝了(le)幾杯(bei)酒(jiu)就(jiu)走了(le)。
魯肅對周(zhou)瑜說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“十萬支箭(jian),三天怎么造(zao)得成呢?諸葛亮說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)是假話吧(ba)?”周(zhou)瑜說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“是他自己說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de),我(wo)(wo)(wo)可沒逼(bi)他。我(wo)(wo)(wo)得吩咐軍(jun)匠們,叫他們故意遲延(yan),造(zao)箭(jian)用的(de)材料不給他準備齊全。到時候造(zao)不成,定他的(de)罪,他就沒話可說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)了。你去探(tan)聽探(tan)聽,看他怎么打(da)算,回來報告我(wo)(wo)(wo)。”
魯(lu)肅見了諸葛亮。諸葛亮說(shuo):“三(san)(san)天之(zhi)內要(yao)(yao)(yao)造十萬支(zhi)箭,得(de)請你幫(bang)幫(bang)我(wo)的(de)忙。”魯(lu)肅說(shuo):“都是你自找的(de),我(wo)怎么幫(bang)得(de)了你的(de)忙?”諸葛亮說(shuo):“你借給(gei)我(wo)二十條船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),每條船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)三(san)(san)十多(duo)名軍士(shi)。船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)用青布幔子遮起來,還(huan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)一千多(duo)個草把子,排(pai)在船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)兩邊(bian)。我(wo)自有妙用。第(di)三(san)(san)天管保有十萬支(zhi)箭。不過(guo)不能讓都督知道。他要(yao)(yao)(yao)是知道了,我(wo)的(de)計劃就(jiu)完了。”
魯肅答應了(le)。他(ta)不(bu)知道諸葛(ge)亮借船有什么(me)用,回來報(bao)告周瑜(yu),果然(ran)不(bu)提借船的(de)事(shi),只說諸葛(ge)亮不(bu)用竹子、翎(ling)毛、膠漆這(zhe)些材料(liao)。周瑜(yu)疑惑起來,說:“到了(le)第(di)三(san)天,看他(ta)怎么(me)辦!”
魯(lu)肅私自撥了二(er)十條快船(chuan),每條船(chuan)上配三十多(duo)名軍士,照諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)說(shuo)的,布(bu)(bu)置好青布(bu)(bu)幔子和(he)草把子,等諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)調度。第一天(tian),不見(jian)諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)有什么動(dong)靜;第二(er)天(tian),仍然不見(jian)諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)有什么動(dong)靜;直到(dao)第三天(tian)四更時候,諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)秘(mi)密(mi)地把魯(lu)肅請到(dao)船(chuan)里。魯(lu)肅問他:“你叫我來做什么?”諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)說(shuo):“請你一起去取(qu)箭。”魯(lu)肅問:“哪里去取(qu)?”諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)說(shuo):“不用問,去了就知道。”諸(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(liang)吩咐把二(er)十條船(chuan)用繩(sheng)索(suo)連(lian)接起來,朝北岸開去。
這時(shi)候大(da)霧漫天,江上(shang)的(de)人連面對面都看不清(qing)。五(wu)更時(shi)分,船(chuan)已經靠近曹軍(jun)的(de)水(shui)寨。諸葛亮下令(ling)把船(chuan)頭朝西,船(chuan)尾朝東(dong),一字(zi)擺(bai)開,又叫船(chuan)上(shang)的(de)軍(jun)士一邊擂鼓,一邊吶(na)喊。魯肅吃驚地說:“如果(guo)曹兵出(chu)來,怎么辦?”諸葛亮笑著說:“霧這么大(da),曹操(cao)一定不敢(gan)派兵出(chu)來。我們只管飲酒(jiu)取(qu)樂,霧散了就回(hui)去。”
曹操得(de)知江上的動靜后,就下令說:“江上霧(wu)很大(da),敵人忽(hu)然來(lai)攻,必有埋伏,我們看不(bu)清虛實,不(bu)要輕(qing)易出動。撥水軍弓(gong)(gong)弩(nu)手朝(chao)(chao)他(ta)們射箭(jian)便是。”然后,他(ta)又派(pai)人去旱寨(zhai)調來(lai)六(liu)千(qian)名弓(gong)(gong)弩(nu)手,到江邊(bian)支(zhi)援水軍。一萬多名弓(gong)(gong)弩(nu)手一起朝(chao)(chao)江中放箭(jian),箭(jian)好像下雨一樣。諸葛亮(liang)又下令把(ba)船(chuan)掉過(guo)來(lai),船(chuan)頭(tou)朝(chao)(chao)東,船(chuan)尾朝(chao)(chao)西,仍舊(jiu)擂鼓吶喊(han),逼近曹軍水寨(zhai)受(shou)箭(jian)。
到霧散時(shi),諸葛亮下令返回。船兩邊的草把子上都插(cha)滿了箭。諸葛亮吩咐軍士們(men)齊聲高喊(han)“謝謝曹(cao)丞相(xiang)的箭”。曹(cao)操(cao)知道上了當(dang),可是諸葛亮那邊船輕水急,已經駛出二十多(duo)里(li),要追也(ye)來不(bu)及了。
二(er)十條船靠岸的時候,周(zhou)瑜(yu)派來搬(ban)箭的五百個軍士已經(jing)等在江邊(bian)了。每條船上有五六(liu)千支箭,二(er)十條船總(zong)共有十萬多(duo)支。魯肅(su)見(jian)了周(zhou)瑜(yu),告訴他借(jie)箭的經(jing)過(guo)。周(zhou)瑜(yu)大吃一驚(jing),長(chang)嘆(tan)道:“諸葛亮神機妙算,我真(zhen)比(bi)不上他!”
據《三國(guo)志》記載:十八年正月,曹公(gong)攻(gong)濡須(xu),權與相拒月余。曹公(gong)望權軍,嘆其齊肅,乃(nai)退(tui)。
《吳(wu)歷》曰(yue):曹公(gong)(gong)出(chu)濡須(xu),作油(you)船(chuan),夜渡洲上。權(quan)以水軍(jun)圍取,得(de)三千余人,其(qi)沒溺者(zhe)亦數(shu)千人。權(quan)數(shu)挑戰(zhan),公(gong)(gong)堅守不出(chu)。權(quan)乃自來,乘(cheng)輕船(chuan),從(cong)濡須(xu)口入公(gong)(gong)軍(jun)。諸將皆以為(wei)是挑戰(zhan)者(zhe),欲擊之。公(gong)(gong)曰(yue):“此必孫權(quan)欲身見吾軍(jun)部伍(wu)也。”敕軍(jun)中皆精嚴,弓弩不得(de)亂發。權(quan)行五六里,回(hui)還作鼓吹(chui)。公(gong)(gong)見舟船(chuan)器仗軍(jun)伍(wu)整(zheng)肅(su),喟然嘆曰(yue):“生子當如孫仲謀,劉景升兒(er)子若豚犬(quan)耳!”權(quan)為(wei)箋與曹公(gong)(gong),說:“春水方生,公(gong)(gong)宜(yi)速去。”別紙(zhi)言:“足下不死,孤(gu)不得(de)安。”曹公(gong)(gong)語諸將曰(yue):“孫權(quan)不欺(qi)孤(gu)。”乃徹(che)軍(jun)還。
《魏略(lve)》曰(yue):權(quan)乘大船(chuan)來觀軍,公使弓弩亂(luan)發,箭(jian)著其(qi)船(chuan),船(chuan)偏重將覆,權(quan)因回(hui)船(chuan),復以(yi)一面受箭(jian),箭(jian)均船(chuan)平(ping),乃(nai)還。
草船借箭(jian),歷史(shi)上(shang)或確有其事,但主要(yao)人物并非諸葛亮,而是孫權。
據(ju)《三(san)國志·吳(wu)主(zhu)傳》裴松(song)之(zhi)引(yin)注《吳(wu)歷》,孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)屢(lv)屢(lv)向曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)挑(tiao)戰,曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)堅守不出。孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)就親自(zi)乘了一艘輕船(chuan),從濡須(xu)口(kou)進入曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)水寨(zhai)前(qian)。曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)一看(kan),就知(zhi)道(dao)孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)來了,是(shi)孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)要親自(zi)來看(kan)看(kan)曹(cao)(cao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)陣勢(shi)(欲身見吾(wu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)部伍也),下(xia)令軍(jun)(jun)(jun)隊(dui)嚴加戒備,箭弩不得妄發(fa)。孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)在曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)面前(qian)走了五六里路(lu),才返回。走的(de)(de)時(shi)候還(huan)向曹(cao)(cao)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)擊鼓奏(zou)樂。所有這些都(dou)被曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)看(kan)在眼里嘆息說:“生子當如孫(sun)(sun)仲謀。”
但《魏略》卻不是這(zhe)個說(shuo)法。它說(shuo)孫權(quan)(quan)不是乘輕船(chuan),而(er)是坐大(da)船(chuan)。曹操也沒有說(shuo)弓弩不得妄發,而(er)是下(xia)令(ling)射箭(jian)。結果萬(wan)箭(jian)齊發,都(dou)射在(zai)了孫權(quan)(quan)的船(chuan)上,船(chuan)就向(xiang)一邊(bian)傾斜,于是孫權(quan)(quan)便下(xia)令(ling)掉頭,使“箭(jian)均船(chuan)平”,然后安(an)然回去(qu)。
據《三國志》記載:十八年正月,曹公攻濡須,權與相(xiang)拒(ju)月余。曹公望權軍,嘆其齊肅,乃退。
《吳歷》曰(yue):曹公(gong)(gong)出濡須,作油船(chuan),夜渡(du)洲上。權(quan)以水軍(jun)(jun)圍取,得三千(qian)余人(ren),其沒溺者(zhe)亦數千(qian)人(ren)。權(quan)數挑戰,公(gong)(gong)堅(jian)守不(bu)出。權(quan)乃自來,乘輕船(chuan),從濡須口(kou)入公(gong)(gong)軍(jun)(jun)。諸將皆以為是挑戰者(zhe),欲擊之。公(gong)(gong)曰(yue):“此必孫(sun)權(quan)欲身見吾軍(jun)(jun)部伍(wu)也。”敕軍(jun)(jun)中皆精嚴,弓弩不(bu)得亂(luan)發。權(quan)行五六里(li),回還作鼓吹。公(gong)(gong)見舟船(chuan)器仗軍(jun)(jun)伍(wu)整肅,喟然嘆曰(yue):“生子當如孫(sun)仲謀(mou),劉景升兒(er)子若豚犬耳(er)!”權(quan)為箋(jian)與(yu)曹公(gong)(gong),說:“春水方生,公(gong)(gong)宜速去。”別紙言:“足下不(bu)死,孤不(bu)得安。”曹公(gong)(gong)語(yu)諸將曰(yue):“孫(sun)權(quan)不(bu)欺(qi)孤。”乃徹(che)軍(jun)(jun)還。
《魏略(lve)》曰:權乘大船(chuan)來觀軍,公使弓(gong)弩亂發(fa),箭(jian)著其船(chuan),船(chuan)偏重將覆(fu),權因回船(chuan),復以一面(mian)受箭(jian),箭(jian)均(jun)船(chuan)平,乃還。
草船借(jie)箭,歷(li)史(shi)上或(huo)確(que)有(you)其事,但主要人物并非諸葛亮,而(er)是(shi)孫權。
據《三國(guo)志(zhi)·吳(wu)主傳》裴松之引注《吳(wu)歷》,孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)屢屢向曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)軍(jun)挑(tiao)戰,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)堅守不出。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)就親自(zi)乘了(le)一(yi)艘輕船,從(cong)濡須口進(jin)入曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)軍(jun)水寨前。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)一(yi)看(kan)(kan),就知道孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)來了(le),是孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)要親自(zi)來看(kan)(kan)看(kan)(kan)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)軍(jun)的陣勢(欲身見吾軍(jun)部伍也),下令軍(jun)隊嚴(yan)加戒備,箭(jian)弩不得妄發(fa)。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)在曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)面前走了(le)五六里路,才返回。走的時候還向曹(cao)(cao)(cao)軍(jun)擊(ji)鼓奏(zou)樂。所(suo)有這(zhe)些都被曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)看(kan)(kan)在眼里嘆(tan)息(xi)說:“生子當如孫(sun)(sun)(sun)仲(zhong)謀。”
但《魏略》卻不是(shi)這個說(shuo)法。它說(shuo)孫權不是(shi)乘(cheng)輕船(chuan)(chuan),而是(shi)坐(zuo)大船(chuan)(chuan)。曹操也沒有說(shuo)弓弩(nu)不得妄發,而是(shi)下令射箭(jian)。結果(guo)萬(wan)箭(jian)齊發,都(dou)射在了孫權的船(chuan)(chuan)上,船(chuan)(chuan)就(jiu)向一邊傾斜,于是(shi)孫權便下令掉頭,使(shi)“箭(jian)均船(chuan)(chuan)平”,然后安然回去。
三國(guo)時(shi)期(qi),曹操(cao)率八十萬(wan)(wan)大(da)(da)軍想要(yao)征服東(dong)吳。孫權、劉備便打算(suan)聯手(shou)抵(di)擋魏。孫權手(shou)下有位大(da)(da)將叫周(zhou)瑜,智勇雙全,可(ke)是有點心胸狹窄(zhai),很妒忌諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)的(de)才干。因水中交戰需要(yao)箭,周(zhou)瑜要(yao)諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)在十天(tian)內負責趕造(zao)(zao)十萬(wan)(wan)支箭,哪知諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)只(zhi)要(yao)三天(tian),還愿(yuan)立下軍令狀,完不(bu)成(cheng)任務甘受處罰(fa)。周(zhou)瑜想,三天(tian)不(bu)可(ke)能造(zao)(zao)出十萬(wan)(wan)支箭,正好利用這個機會來除掉諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)。于是他一面(mian)叫軍匠(jiang)們(men)不(bu)要(yao)把造(zao)(zao)箭的(de)材料準備齊全,另一方面(mian)叫大(da)(da)臣魯(lu)肅去探(tan)聽諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)的(de)虛實。
魯(lu)肅見了(le)諸葛亮(liang)。諸葛亮(liang)說:“這(zhe)件事要(yao)你(ni)來(lai)(lai)(lai)幫我(wo)的忙。希望你(ni)能(neng)借給我(wo)20只(zhi)(zhi)船(chuan)(chuan),每(mei)只(zhi)(zhi)船(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)30個(ge)士兵,船(chuan)(chuan)要(yao)用青(qing)布幔子(zi)(zi)遮起(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai),還要(yao)一千(qian)多個(ge)草(cao)靶子(zi)(zi),排在船(chuan)(chuan)兩邊。不(bu)(bu)過,這(zhe)事千(qian)萬(wan)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)讓(rang)你(ni)家都督知道,否則就不(bu)(bu)靈(ling)了(le)。”魯(lu)肅報告周(zhou)瑜,只(zhi)(zhi)說他(ta)不(bu)(bu)用準備的材(cai)料,絕口(kou)不(bu)(bu)提諸葛亮(liang)的計劃。兩天(tian)過去(qu)了(le),不(bu)(bu)見一點動靜。周(zhou)瑜想:他(ta)肯定(ding)造不(bu)(bu)好(hao)了(le)。到第三天(tian)四更時(shi)候,諸葛亮(liang)秘密地請魯(lu)肅一起(qi)到船(chuan)(chuan)上(shang)去(qu),說是一起(qi)去(qu)取箭。諸葛亮(liang)吩咐把(ba)船(chuan)(chuan)用繩(sheng)索(suo)連起(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)向(xiang)對岸開去(qu)。
那天江(jiang)上(shang)大霧彌漫(man),對(dui)面都看不見(jian)人。當船(chuan)靠近曹(cao)軍水寨時,諸葛亮(liang)命(ming)船(chuan)一字擺開,叫(jiao)士兵擂鼓吶(na)喊(han)。曹(cao)操以(yi)為對(dui)方(fang)來(lai)(lai)進攻,又(you)因霧大怕中(zhong)埋伏,就(jiu)從旱寨派六千(qian)名(ming)弓(gong)箭(jian)手朝江(jiang)中(zhong)放箭(jian),雨點(dian)般的箭(jian)紛(fen)紛(fen)射在草靶(ba)子(zi)上(shang)。過了(le)一會兒(er),諸葛亮(liang)又(you)命(ming)船(chuan)掉過頭來(lai)(lai),讓另(ling)一面受箭(jian)。太(tai)陽(yang)出來(lai)(lai)了(le),霧要散了(le),諸葛亮(liang)命(ming)船(chuan)趕緊往回開。此時順(shun)風順(shun)水,曹(cao)操想(xiang)追(zhui)也來(lai)(lai)不及(ji)。這時船(chuan)的兩邊草靶(ba)子(zi)上(shang)密(mi)密(mi)麻(ma)麻(ma)地(di)插滿了(le)箭(jian),每只船(chuan)上(shang)至少五六千(qian)支,總共有(you)20條船(chuan),總數(shu)遠遠超過了(le)十萬(wan)支。魯肅把借箭(jian)的經(jing)過告訴(su)周瑜時,周瑜感嘆(tan)地(di)說(shuo):“諸葛亮(liang)神機妙算,我比不上(shang)他。”
【注音(yin)】cǎo chuán jiè jiàn
【解釋】運用智謀,憑(ping)借他人(ren)的人(ren)力或(huo)財力來(lai)達到自己的目的。
【用法(fa)】作賓語、定(ding)語;指借(jie)他(ta)人(ren)的力量。
【結構】緊縮式
【燈謎】孔明造箭
一、西晉·陳壽《三國(guo)志·吳書(shu)·吳主(zhu)傳第二(er)》
二、元末明初·羅貫(guan)中(zhong)《三國演(yan)義(yi)》第46回(hui):用奇謀(mou)孔(kong)明借(jie)箭(jian),獻密計(ji)黃蓋受刑。
◎他(ta)很佩(pei)服(fu)諸葛亮的草(cao)船借箭的計謀。
◎一些主要情節,如險走(zou)柴桑、舌(she)戰(zhan)群儒、草船(chuan)借(jie)箭、三(san)氣周瑜、六出祁山等也進行了藝術(shu)加(jia)工,并在原著(zhu)的基礎上加(jia)以豐富和發展。但這(zhe)些都只是小(xiao)說藝術(shu)而已,史無記載。
草(cao)船借(jie)箭——滿(man)載而歸
草船借箭——多多益善
草船(chuan)借箭(jian)——坐享其成
諸葛亮草船借箭——用的(de)是疑兵計
諸葛亮草船借箭——神機妙算
魯肅上(shang)了孔明的船——糊(hu)里糊(hu)涂
魯肅上了孔明(ming)的船——錯了
草船借箭——有誤(wu)(霧)
草船借(jie)箭——曹操多疑
草(cao)船借箭——機智孔明
草船借箭——有(you)借無還
草船借箭(jian)——巧用天時
《草船借箭》暗喻(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際政治和文化之(zhi)間的緊張關系。在古根海姆博物館展(zhan)廳(ting)里,船舵(duo)上(shang)的五星紅旗十分(fen)醒目(mu),藝術(shu)評(ping)論家費大為認為,國(guo)(guo)(guo)旗可以表明作(zuo)者的觀點:對(dui)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的批判和攻擊將有利于中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。早年在中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)美術(shu)館展(zhan)覽(lan)的時候,船頭卻(que)沒了這面國(guo)(guo)(guo)旗。
蔡國(guo)強展覽的(de)(de)(de)(de)視覺效果驚人(ren)(ren)(ren),甚至(zhi)充滿娛(yu)樂性,很多人(ren)(ren)(ren)長時間坐(zuo)著,津津有味地看他制造的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次次爆(bao)炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)錄像,看他擺(bai)弄火藥(yao),怎樣(yang)讓萬里(li)長城延長一(yi)(yi)(yi)萬米,怎樣(yang)在天空(kong)中打(da)出黑(hei)彩(cai)虹,怎樣(yang)模擬(ni)時代廣場發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次汽車爆(bao)炸事件。但在美(mei)術(shu)館的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間里(li),錄像和火藥(yao)畫都(dou)不(bu)如那些(xie)裝置作品來得刺激,比如《草(cao)船借箭》,即使不(bu)論這個產生于1998年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作品所體現的(de)(de)(de)(de)中國(guo)式智慧,從視覺上它(ta)也(ye)令人(ren)(ren)(ren)過目不(bu)忘。這艘草(cao)船懸掛在中國(guo)美(mei)術(shu)館的(de)(de)(de)(de)大廳(ting),船身插滿了利箭,如同一(yi)(yi)(yi)只(zhi)巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)翅(chi)膀。《草(cao)船借箭》是從紐(niu)約現代美(mei)術(shu)館搬過來的(de)(de)(de)(de),單(dan)單(dan)搬它(ta)就花了幾十萬美(mei)金,而(er)其體積之大使得中國(guo)美(mei)術(shu)館必須(xu)拆(chai)掉大門(men)才能讓它(ta)“駛入”。
蔡國(guo)(guo)強(qiang)堅持(chi)要把船(chuan)帶到(dao)北京,除(chu)了把它視(shi)為自(zi)(zi)己藝術的(de)(de)(de)代表(biao)符號,蔡甚至也覺得這(zhe)船(chuan)就(jiu)像他(ta)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)影子:從一個港口駛(shi)到(dao)另一個港口,漂(piao)泊(bo)多年又回(hui)到(dao)中國(guo)(guo)。蔡國(guo)(guo)強(qiang)從不(bu)掩飾他(ta)對這(zhe)件作(zuo)品的(de)(de)(de)喜愛:“這(zhe)艘(sou)船(chuan)既有(you)暴力(li)的(de)(de)(de)傷痛(tong),同(tong)時又碩果(guo)累(lei)累(lei),既承(cheng)重,看起來(lai)又十分輕(qing)盈。”可惜這(zhe)艘(sou)船(chuan)在中國(guo)(guo)美術館(guan)的(de)(de)(de)展示(shi)效果(guo)不(bu)算(suan)理想——懸掛的(de)(de)(de)船(chuan)可以有(you)兩種觀看的(de)(de)(de)角度,從下(xia)往上看船(chuan)像是在飛,從上往下(xia)看這(zhe)個船(chuan)像在水里面漂(piao)浮,但中國(guo)(guo)美術館(guan)的(de)(de)(de)展廳決定了這(zhe)艘(sou)船(chuan)只能被仰望。