《樂毅論(lun)》共四十四行,小楷(kai)。是王(wang)羲之的楷(kai)書書法作品。原作者為夏侯玄,真跡早(zao)已不存(cun),一說(shuo)真跡戰亂(luan)時為咸陽老嫗投于灶(zao)火(huo),一說(shuo)唐太宗所(suo)收。現存(cun)世刻(ke)本(ben)有多種,以《秘閣本(ben)》和《越州石氏本(ben)》最佳。
王羲(xi)之書(shu)。小楷。褚遂良(liang)在《晉(jin)右軍(jun)王羲(xi)之書(shu)目(mu)》將其列為第一(yi)。梁(liang)陶弘景說:“右軍(jun)名(ming)跡,合(he)有(you)數首:《黃庭經》、《曹娥(e)碑》、《樂毅論》是也。”王羲(xi)之書(shu)皆有(you)真跡,惟(wei)此帖(tie)只有(you)石刻。
《樂毅論》是三國(guo)時(shi)期(qi)魏夏侯玄(xuan)(字泰初)撰寫的一篇文章,文中論述的是戰國(guo)時(shi)代燕國(guo)名將(jiang)樂毅及其征討(tao)各國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。傳(chuan)王羲(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抄寫這篇文章,是書(shu)付其子官奴(nu)的。有(you)(you)人考證說(shuo),官奴(nu)是王獻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。這一書(shu)跡,早在去東晉未遠的南朝(chao)曾被論及。梁(liang)武帝在與陶(tao)弘(hong)景(jing)討(tao)論內府所藏的這篇書(shu)跡時(shi)說(shuo):“逸少跡無甚極細書(shu),《樂毅論》乃微粗健(jian),恐非(fei)真跡”,陶(tao)弘(hong)景(jing)表示贊同,曰:“《樂毅論》愚心近甚疑是摹而不(bu)敢輕言,今(jin)旨以為非(fei)真,竊自信(xin)頗涉有(you)(you)悟。”那么,梁(liang)朝(chao)內府的藏本,宜是摹本而非(fei)真跡。
盡管如(ru)此(ci),陳(chen)、隋之(zhi)(zhi)際釋智永卻(que)視《樂毅論》為王(wang)羲之(zhi)(zhi)正書第一(yi)(yi)。據他說:“梁(liang)世(shi)模出,天(tian)下(xia)珍之(zhi)(zhi)。自蕭、阮之(zhi)(zhi)流,莫(mo)不臨學。陳(chen)天(tian)嘉(650——565)中(zhong),人得(de)以(yi)獻文帝(di),帝(di)賜始(shi)興(xing)王(wang),王(wang)作牧(mu)境(jing)中(zhong),即以(yi)見示。吾昔聞其(qi)妙,今(jin)睹(du)其(qi)真,閱玩良(liang)久,匪朝伊夕。始(shi)興(xing)薨後,仍屬廢帝(di)。廢帝(di)既(ji)歿(mo),又屬余杭公主,公主以(yi)帝(di)王(wang)所(suo)重,恒加寶愛(ai),陳(chen)世(shi)諸王(wang),皆求不得(de)。及天(tian)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)統,四海同(tong)文,處(chu)處(chu)追尋,累載(zai)方得(de)。”
唐朝(chao)初(chu)年(nian),《樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)論(lun)(lun)》入於(wu)內(nei)府(fu),曾經褚遂(sui)良檢校鑒定,認定為(wei)(wei)真(zhen)跡(ji)。褚氏著錄(lu)內(nei)府(fu)所收王羲(xi)之書(shu)跡(ji),為(wei)(wei)《右軍書(shu)目》,列《樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)論(lun)(lun)》為(wei)(wei)王氏正(zheng)書(shu)第一,并注(zhu)明“四(si)十(shi)四(si)行,書(shu)付官奴”。唐太宗(zong)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)寶重(zhong)的書(shu)跡(ji)是《蘭亭序》與《樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)論(lun)(lun)》。唐內(nei)府(fu)收藏的《樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)論(lun)(lun)》,最(zui)初(chu)摹(mo)拓分(fen)賜大臣是在貞觀(guan)年(nian)間(jian)。褚遂(sui)良《榻(ta)本(ben)(樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)論(lun)(lun))記(ji)》曰:貞觀(guan)十(shi)三年(nian)(639)四(si)月九日,命直弘文(wen)館馮(feng)承素摹(mo)榻(ta),分(fen)賜長(chang)孫無忌(ji)、房玄(xuan)齡、高士(shi)廉(lian)、侯(hou)君集(ji)、魏徵、楊師道(dao)六人,“于是在外(wai)(wai)乃(nai)有六本(ben)。”武(wu)平一《徐氏法書(shu)記(ji)》載:“至高宗(zong)又(you)敕馮(feng)承素、諸葛(ge)貞榻(ta)《樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)論(lun)(lun)》及雜(za)帖數(shu)本(ben),賜長(chang)孫無忌(ji)等六人,在外(wai)(wai)方有。”摹(mo)本(ben)的傳布范圍(wei),限(xian)於(wu)皇親(qin)國戚或近侍大臣而已,世人罕見(jian)其(qi)貌。
《樂毅(yi)論(lun)》墨跡(ji)本(ben)今(jin)(jin)已不(bu)傳(chuan),真(zhen)跡(ji)則更不(bu)待言了。據唐韋述《敘書(shu)錄(lu)》稱(cheng),內(nei)府(fu)所(suo)藏的(de)《樂毅(yi)論(lun)》,“長(chang)(chang)安(an)、神(shen)龍之(zhi)(zhi)際,太(tai)平安(an)樂公(gong)主奏(zou)借(jie)出外(wai)拓寫”,“因此遂(sui)(sui)(sui)失(shi)所(suo)在”。徐浩《古(gu)跡(ji)記》記載得更為(wei)具體一(yi)(yi)些,曰:後歸武(wu)則天女太(tai)平公(gong)主,其後為(wei)一(yi)(yi)咸陽老(lao)(lao)嫗(yu)竊去,縣吏尋覺,老(lao)(lao)嫗(yu)投之(zhi)(zhi)灶(zao)下,真(zhen)跡(ji)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)永絕於世(shi)。宋朝程大(da)昌(chang)肯定了這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)說法,其所(suo)著《考(kao)古(gu)編(bian)》卷八(ba)謂:“開元五年(nian)(717)裒大(da)王真(zhen)跡(ji)為(wei)百五十(shi)八(ba)卷,以(yi)《黃庭經》為(wei)正書(shu)第一(yi)(yi),無(wu)《蘭亭》、《樂毅(yi)》,則開元時真(zhen)本(ben)不(bu)存明矣。今(jin)(jin)世(shi)傳(chuan)本(ben),必是(shi)摹榻(ta),又(you)未必正是(shi)當時傳(chuan)本(ben)。按,褚遂(sui)(sui)(sui)良、武(wu)平一(yi)(yi)皆言貞(zhen)(zhen)觀(guan)中嘗敕馮承素等榻(ta)本(ben)賜長(chang)(chang)孫(sun)無(wu)忌等六(liu)人,人間遂(sui)(sui)(sui)有六(liu)本(ben),其內(nei)本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)經褚河南(nan)敘錄(lu)者,凡(fan)接(jie)縫及卷首、卷尾皆印(yin)‘貞(zhen)(zhen)觀(guan)二年(nian)’以(yi)識。今(jin)(jin)傳(chuan)本(ben)又(you)皆無(wu)之(zhi)(zhi),知是(shi)榻(ta)非原榻(ta)不(bu)疑也。”《宣和書(shu)譜》著錄(lu)的(de)《樂毅(yi)論(lun)》,恐怕就是(shi)程大(da)昌(chang)所(suo)指的(de)非原榻(ta)的(de)再榻(ta)本(ben)。
另外,宋沈括在《夢溪筆談》卷十七中還提出一(yi)新(xin)說(shuo),他(ta)認(ren)為(wei)“王羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)書,舊傳(chuan)(chuan)惟《樂毅論》乃(nai)羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)親書於(wu)石(shi),其(qi)他(ta)皆(jie)紙素所(suo)(suo)傳(chuan)(chuan)。唐太(tai)宗裒聚(ju)二王墨跡,惟《樂毅論》石(shi)本(ben)(ben)在。其(qi)後(hou)隨太(tai)宗人昭陵(ling)。朱梁時,耀州節(jie)度使溫韜(tao)發(fa)昭陵(ling)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),復傳(chuan)(chuan)人間。或曰‘公主(zhu)以(yi)偽(wei)本(ben)(ben)易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),元石(shi)曾入(ru)曠」。本(ben)(ben)朝高紳學士(shi)家,皇佑(you)中紳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子高安(an)世(shi)為(wei)錢塘(tang)主(zhu)簿,《樂毅論》在其(qi)家,予嘗見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。時石(shi)已破缺(que),末后獨有(you)一(yi)‘海(hai)’字(zi)者是也(ye)。其(qi)後(hou)十余年,安(an)世(shi)在蘇州,石(shi)已破為(wei)數片,以(yi)鐵束之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),後(hou)安(an)世(shi)死(si),石(shi)不(bu)知所(suo)(suo)在。或云‘蘇州一(yi)富家得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’亦不(bu)復見。今(jin)傳(chuan)(chuan)《樂毅論》,皆(jie)摹(mo)本(ben)(ben)也(ye)。筆畫無(wu)復昔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清勁。羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小楷字(zi)於(wu)此殆絕,《遺教經》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類,皆(jie)非其(qi)比也(ye)。”沈括此說(shuo)實際上(shang)是把傳(chuan)(chuan)世(shi)的(de)石(shi)刻榻(ta)本(ben)(ben)追認(ren)到王羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)那(nei)里,以(yi)他(ta)所(suo)(suo)見的(de)刻石(shi)為(wei)原石(shi)。權作一(yi)說(shuo)存之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
夏侯泰初
世人多(duo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樂毅不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)時拔莒(ju)即墨(mo)為(wei)劣是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)敘而(er)(er)(er)論之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。夫(fu)(fu)求古賢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),宜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大者(zhe)遠(yuan)者(zhe)先(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),必迂廻而(er)(er)(er)難通(tong)(tong),然(ran)(ran)后已焉(yan)可(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye),今樂氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)趣或(huo)者(zhe)其(qi)(qi)(qi)未(wei)盡乎(hu)(hu),而(er)(er)(er)多(duo)劣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)使(shi)前賢失指于將來不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦惜哉(zai),觀樂生(sheng)(sheng)遺燕惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)書(shu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)殆庶乎(hu)(hu)機,合乎(hu)(hu)道以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)終始者(zhe)與,其(qi)(qi)(qi)喻昭王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰:伊尹放太甲而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)疑,太甲受放而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怨(yuan),是(shi)(shi)存大業(ye)于至公,而(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)為(wei)心(xin)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye),夫(fu)(fu)欲極(ji)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),務以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)為(wei)心(xin)者(zhe),必致其(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)於(wu)盛隆,合其(qi)(qi)(qi)趣於(wu)先(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang),茍(gou)君臣同(tong)(tong)符(fu),斯(si)大業(ye)定矣(yi)(yi)。于斯(si)時也(ye)(ye)(ye),樂生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi),千(qian)載一(yi)遇(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),亦將行千(qian)載一(yi)隆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,豈其(qi)(qi)(qi)局跡當(dang)時,止於(wu)兼并而(er)(er)(er)已哉(zai),夫(fu)(fu)兼并者(zhe)非樂生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所屑(xie)(xie),強(qiang)燕而(er)(er)(er)廢道,又非樂生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所求也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屑(xie)(xie)茍(gou)得(de)(de)則(ze)心(xin)無(wu)近(jin)事(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求小(xiao)成(cheng),斯(si)意(yi)兼天下(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。則(ze)舉齊(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)運其(qi)(qi)(qi)機而(er)(er)(er)動四(si)(si)海也(ye)(ye)(ye),夫(fu)(fu)討齊(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明燕主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)(yi),此兵(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)興(xing)于為(wei)利矣(yi)(yi)。圍城(cheng)而(er)(er)(er)害不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加於(wu)百姓,此仁(ren)(ren)心(xin)著於(wu)遐邇矣(yi)(yi),舉國(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謀其(qi)(qi)(qi)功(gong),除(chu)暴(bao)(bao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)威(wei)(wei)力,此至德(de)(de)令(ling)於(wu)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)矣(yi)(yi);邁全德(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)率列國(guo)(guo),則(ze)幾於(wu)湯武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)矣(yi)(yi),樂生(sheng)(sheng)方恢大綱,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)縱(zong)二(er)(er)城(cheng),牧民明信,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)待(dai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)弊,使(shi)即墨(mo)莒(ju)人,顧仇其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang),愿釋(shi)干戈(ge),賴我(wo)猶(you)親,善(shan)守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)智,無(wu)所之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)施(shi),然(ran)(ran)則(ze)求仁(ren)(ren)得(de)(de)仁(ren)(ren),即墨(mo)大夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),任(ren)窮(qiong)則(ze)從(cong)(cong),微子適周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)(ye)(ye),開(kai)彌(mi)廣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)待(dai)田單之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,長容(rong)善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)申(shen)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)。使(shi)夫(fu)(fu)忠者(zhe)遂節(jie),通(tong)(tong)者(zhe)義(yi)(yi)著,昭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東海,屬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)華(hua)裔。我(wo)澤如春,下(xia)(xia)(xia)應如草,道光宇宙,賢者(zhe)托心(xin),鄰(lin)(lin)國(guo)(guo)傾(qing)慕,四(si)(si)海延頸,思戴燕主(zhu),仰(yang)望(wang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)聲,二(er)(er)城(cheng)必從(cong)(cong),則(ze)王(wang)(wang)(wang)業(ye)隆矣(yi)(yi),雖(sui)淹留於(wu)兩(liang)邑,乃致速於(wu)天下(xia)(xia)(xia),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)幸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變(bian),世所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)圖,敗(bai)於(wu)垂(chui)成(cheng),時運固然(ran)(ran),若(ruo)乃逼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)威(wei)(wei),劫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兵(bing),則(ze)攻取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),求欲速之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),使(shi)燕齊(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)流血于二(er)(er)城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,侈(chi)殺傷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殘(can),示四(si)(si)國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,是(shi)(shi)縱(zong)暴(bao)(bao)易亂(luan),貪以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)私,鄰(lin)(lin)國(guo)(guo)望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)猶(you)犲虎。既大墮(duo)稱兵(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)(yi),而(er)(er)(er)喪濟弱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仁(ren)(ren),虧齊(qi)(qi)(qi)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節(jie),廢廉善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng),掩(yan)宏通(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,棄王(wang)(wang)(wang)德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隆,雖(sui)二(er)(er)城(cheng)幾于可(ke)拔,覇(ba)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),逝其(qi)(qi)(qi)遠(yuan)矣(yi)(yi)。然(ran)(ran)則(ze)燕雖(sui)兼齊(qi)(qi)(qi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)與世主(zhu),何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)殊哉(zai)?其(qi)(qi)(qi)與鄰(lin)(lin)敵,何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)傾(qing)?樂生(sheng)(sheng)豈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)拔二(er)(er)城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)速了哉(zai)?顧城(cheng)拔而(er)(er)(er)業(ye)乖(guai),豈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)速之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)致變(bian)(哉(zai)),顧業(ye)乖(guai)與變(bian)同(tong)(tong),由是(shi)(shi)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),樂生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屠二(er)(er)城(cheng),其(qi)(qi)(qi)亦未(wei)可(ke)量(liang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
世(shi)人大多認為樂毅不(bu)能(neng)按時攻克即墨是錯(cuo)誤的,因此,(我在此)記敘(xu)并論述他。
探求(qiu)(qiu)古代(dai)賢(xian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心意(yi),應該(gai)先(xian)從(cong)(cong)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方面和(he)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方面想,一(yi)(yi)(yi)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(先(xian)感覺(jue))曲折難懂,然后方可(ke)領會啊。如(ru)今(對)樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曲折有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)還未能(neng)(neng)徹底(di)了(le)(le)(le)(le)解,因而大(da)(da)多(duo)認為(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)錯了(le)(le)(le)(le)。這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)讓(rang)前代(dai)賢(xian)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)將(jiang)來(lai)(lai)(lai)被(bei)人(ren)(ren)誤(wu)解不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)可(ke)惜嗎,看(kan)樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)贈給(gei)燕(yan)惠王的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信,他(ta)(ta)(ta)大(da)(da)概(gai)在(zai)(zai)謀(mou)(mou)略上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)差(cha)不(bu)(bu)(bu)多(duo)了(le)(le)(le)(le),合(he)(he)乎于(yu)仁(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)而且(qie)能(neng)(neng)始終如(ru)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)告(gao)(gao)喻昭王說(shuo):伊(yi)尹流放(fang)(fang)(fang)太甲而沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)猜疑,太甲被(bei)流放(fang)(fang)(fang)而沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)抱怨,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(因為(wei)(wei))把大(da)(da)業放(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)最(zui)公正之(zhi)(zhi)處(chu),并(bing)(bing)(bing)且(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以天(tian)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)考慮了(le)(le)(le)(le)。如(ru)果想極盡(jin)仁(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)度量,一(yi)(yi)(yi)定要(yao)以天(tian)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)己任,一(yi)(yi)(yi)定要(yao)使得他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)君(jun)主(zhu)興盛發達,與(yu)(yu)先(xian)君(jun)情(qing)趣(qu)相(xiang)(xiang)合(he)(he),君(jun)臣(chen)同心協力,這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang),大(da)(da)業就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)(neng)穩(wen)定了(le)(le)(le)(le)。在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)個時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou),樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)志向(xiang),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)千年一(yi)(yi)(yi)遇(yu)啊,也(ye)(ye)(ye)將(jiang)推行千年一(yi)(yi)(yi)遇(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)崇高仁(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。哪里是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)拘(ju)泥于(yu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)局,僅僅為(wei)(wei)滿足兼并(bing)(bing)(bing)呢(ni),兼并(bing)(bing)(bing)(齊(qi)(qi)魯(lu))不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)所(suo)希望(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),使燕(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)強大(da)(da)而廢除仁(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)所(suo)希望(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)屑于(yu)茍且(qie)有(you)(you)(you)成(cheng),也(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)心中(zhong)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)眼前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小事(shi)情(qing)了(le)(le)(le)(le),不(bu)(bu)(bu)渴(ke)求(qiu)(qiu)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收獲(huo),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)意(yi)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)統天(tian)下(xia)啊。這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)看(kan)來(lai)(lai)(lai),攻打(da)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)借此(ci)機會來(lai)(lai)(lai)撼動天(tian)下(xia),討伐齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)闡(chan)明燕(yan)王的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仁(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi),沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)動用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)武(wu)力是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)(le)謀(mou)(mou)求(qiu)(qiu)更大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)益。包圍(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)池而沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)加害于(yu)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing),這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)仁(ren)慈之(zhi)(zhi)心將(jiang)傳(chuan)(chuan)播很(hen)遠,攻打(da)別國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)謀(mou)(mou)求(qiu)(qiu)(私(si)人(ren)(ren))功勞(lao),除掉(diao)暴君(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)武(wu)力,這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang),最(zui)高尚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美(mei)德就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)(neng)普遍天(tian)下(xia);率領其他(ta)(ta)(ta)諸侯(hou)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)倡導仁(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),近乎于(yu)商湯和(he)周(zhou)武(wu)王了(le)(le)(le)(le),樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)恰(qia)好弘揚仁(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),放(fang)(fang)(fang)棄(攻打(da))兩(liang)(liang)個城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi),讓(rang)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)安生(sheng)(sheng),表明誠信,來(lai)(lai)(lai)等待他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo))出現(xian)弊端,使得即(ji)(ji)墨縣和(he)莒縣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)回頭(tou)怨恨自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun),(最(zui)后)愿意(yi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)下(xia)兵器,像(xiang)親人(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)依賴(lai)我們(men)。善于(yu)守衛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智慧,(是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)隨便做什么(me)(me)事(shi)情(qing),這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang),想要(yao)仁(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)(neng)得到(dao)(dao)仁(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),(也(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))即(ji)(ji)墨士(shi)大(da)(da)夫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仁(ren)義(yi)(yi)(yi)啊。責(ze)任到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)盡(jin)頭(tou)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會隨從(cong)(cong),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)微子(zi)順從(cong)(cong)周(zhou)朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)理(li)啊。開通更廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)渠道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),來(lai)(lai)(lai)等待田單一(yi)(yi)(yi)類人(ren)(ren)(降服),助長容納善良的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風氣,申明齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)士(shi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)志向(xiang)。使忠(zhong)誠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)實(shi)現(xian)節(jie)操(cao),明理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)顯著道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)義(yi)(yi)(yi),天(tian)下(xia)昭彰(zhang),傳(chuan)(chuan)給(gei)后世。我的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)恩澤就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)像(xiang)春光,百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)如(ru)春草,道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)義(yi)(yi)(yi)光耀宇宙,賢(xian)能(neng)(neng)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)托付(fu)真(zhen)心,鄰(lin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)傾(qing)心羨慕,天(tian)下(xia)向(xiang)往,(都)想推戴(dai)燕(yan)王。隨著眾人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呼聲,兩(liang)(liang)座城(cheng)(cheng)邑一(yi)(yi)(yi)定會降服,這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang),霸(ba)王之(zhi)(zhi)業就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)。即(ji)(ji)使停留在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)(liang)城(cheng)(cheng),也(ye)(ye)(ye)會很(hen)快告(gao)(gao)喻天(tian)下(xia)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)幸發生(sheng)(sheng)變故(gu),在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)形(xing)勢是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)希望(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),功敗垂成(cheng),乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)命中(zhong)注定。如(ru)果用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)威勢逼迫,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)武(wu)力攻打(da),則攻城(cheng)(cheng)只為(wei)(wei)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暫時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功勞(lao),讓(rang)燕(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士(shi)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)兩(liang)(liang)座城(cheng)(cheng)池間流血,拼殺形(xing)成(cheng)很(hen)多(duo)傷殘(can)(can),讓(rang)四個國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)來(lai)(lai)(lai)看(kan),這(zhe)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)縱殘(can)(can)暴替換(huan)戰亂,貪婪私(si)利(li),鄰(lin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)看(kan)到(dao)(dao),我們(men)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)豺狼。既丟失了(le)(le)(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)兵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)(yi)(yi),也(ye)(ye)(ye)喪失了(le)(le)(le)(le)扶(fu)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仁(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),使齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)士(shi)人(ren)(ren)節(jie)操(cao)受(shou)損,廢除清廉優(you)良作風。遮(zhe)掩博(bo)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)度量,丟棄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)崇高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)王道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),即(ji)(ji)使兩(liang)(liang)座城(cheng)(cheng)池能(neng)(neng)夠攻克(ke),稱霸(ba)天(tian)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)情(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)背(bei)離很(hen)遠了(le)(le)(le)(le)。再說(shuo),燕(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)即(ji)(ji)使兼并(bing)(bing)(bing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),對世人(ren)(ren)又(you)如(ru)何誅伐?與(yu)(yu)(原來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de))鄰(lin)敵又(you)怎樣(yang)(yang)(yang)相(xiang)(xiang)處(chu)?樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)難道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知攻克(ke)兩(liang)(liang)城(cheng)(cheng)很(hen)容易么(me)(me),只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)考慮到(dao)(dao)城(cheng)(cheng)池攻克(ke)時(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)背(bei)離霸(ba)業了(le)(le)(le)(le);難道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)迅速(su)攻克(ke)會產生(sheng)(sheng)變故(gu)?只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)考慮到(dao)(dao)背(bei)離了(le)(le)(le)(le)霸(ba)業與(yu)(yu)產生(sheng)(sheng)變故(gu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此(ci)說(shuo)來(lai)(lai)(lai),樂(le)毅(yi)(yi)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)屠戮(lu)兩(liang)(liang)座城(cheng)(cheng)池,那也(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)(you)(you)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
注:田單(生(sheng)(sheng)卒(zu)年不詳(xiang)):媯姓,田氏,名(ming)單,臨(lin)淄(zi)人,漢(han)族,戰國時田齊宗室(shi)遠房的親(qin)屬,任齊都臨(lin)淄(zi)的市(shi)掾(秘書)。生(sheng)(sheng)卒(zu)年不詳(xiang),后來到趙國作將相。前284年,燕(yan)國大(da)將樂(le)毅出兵攻占(zhan)臨(lin)淄(zi)(今山東淄(zi)博東北),接連攻下(xia)齊國七(qi)十余城(cheng)(cheng)。最(zui)后只剩了莒城(cheng)(cheng)(今山東莒縣)和即墨(今山東平度市(shi)東南),田單率族人以鐵皮(pi)護車軸逃至即墨。
日本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)東京(jing)國立(li)博物館藏。傳為(wei)宋(song)高紳任湖北(bei)轉運使時得(de)《樂(le)毅論》刻(ke)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)殘石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)秣陵(ling),石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)存(cun)前半段二(er)十余行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。沈(shen)括嘗親見,并認(ren)為(wei)是(shi)(shi)王羲之(zhi)親書於(wu)(wu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)刻(ke)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。宋(song)歐陽修《集古錄跋尾》卷四亦(yi)有(you)類似沈(shen)括之(zhi)說的(de)記(ji)載(zai):“右《樂(le)毅論》石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),在故(gu)高紳學士家(jia)。紳死,人初不知(zhi)惜,好事者往(wang)往(wang)就閱,或模(mo)傳其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),其(qi)(qi)家(jia)遂(sui)秘密之(zhi),漸為(wei)難(nan)得(de)。後其(qi)(qi)子(zi)弟以(yi)其(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)質錢於(wu)(wu)富人,而富人家(jia)失(shi)火(huo),遂(sui)焚其(qi)(qi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),今(jin)無復(fu)有(you)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)矣。”傳世的(de)《樂(le)毅論》,皆摹刻(ke)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。著(zhu)名者,南宋(song)有(you)越州石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)邦哲《越州石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氏帖(tie)》本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),明朝有(you)文氏《停(ting)云(yun)館帖(tie)》本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、陳巗(yan)《玉煙(yan)堂帖(tie)》本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、吳廷《余清(qing)齋帖(tie)》本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、王肯堂《郁(yu)岡(gang)齋帖(tie)》本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),清(qing)朝有(you)馮(feng)銓《快(kuai)雪堂帖(tie)》本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。《越州石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氏帖(tie)》本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),僅存(cun)二(er)十九(jiu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),帖(tie)首第(di)(di)一至五行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)下(xia)方缺一角,第(di)(di)一行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“初”字(zi)(zi),第(di)(di)二(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“為(wei)劣是(shi)(shi)以(yi)敘而”六字(zi)(zi),第(di)(di)四行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“必迂回”三字(zi)(zi),第(di)(di)五行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“其(qi)(qi)”字(zi)(zi)。第(di)(di)二(er)十九(jiu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)僅剩行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)末(mo)“海”字(zi)(zi),亦(yi)稱“海字(zi)(zi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)”,與(yu)沈(shen)括所(suo)(suo)記(ji)相符,當是(shi)(shi)據高紳所(suo)(suo)藏殘石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)舊本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)摹刻(ke)。
北京故(gu)宮博物院藏。《余(yu)清齋帖(tie)(tie)》乃吳廷(ting)(ting)摹(mo)刻(ke)於明朝萬歷二(er)十(shi)四(si)年(1596),摹(mo)刻(ke)皆精善,可(ke)惜刻(ke)於木板。但仍然是明朝叢(cong)帖(tie)(tie)名刻(ke),楊守(shou)敬認為(wei)“出(chu)明代(dai)諸集(ji)帖(tie)(tie)之上。”今初榻本(ben),比(bi)之《停(ting)云館(guan)帖(tie)(tie)》等,尤(you)為(wei)難得。其(qi)中(zhong)《樂(le)毅論(lun)》帖(tie)(tie),未有“異(yi)僧(seng)(seng)權(quan)(quan)”三(san)字(zi),其(qi)下又增刻(ke)“永和四(si)年十(shi)二(er)月廿四(si)日書付(fu)官奴”一行。《珊(shan)瑚網》卷一錄董(dong)其(qi)昌跋(ba)“梁摹(mo)《樂(le)毅論(lun)》真跡”云:“余(yu)所(suo)見《樂(le)毅論(lun)》宋榻本(ben),及唐(tang)貞觀摹(mo)真跡,二(er)本(ben)皆無'付(fu)官奴'三(san)字(zi),獨(du)此有之。”董(dong)氏所(suo)見,可(ke)能(neng)是吳廷(ting)(ting)收刻(ke)《樂(le)毅論(lun)》所(suo)據的(de)原本(ben)。又,“異(yi)”為(wei)隋朝朱異(yi)的(de)押(ya)署(shu),“僧(seng)(seng)權(quan)(quan)”為(wei)梁朝徐僧(seng)(seng)權(quan)(quan)的(de)押(ya)署(shu),見唐(tang)張彥遠《歷代(dai)名畫(hua)記》“敘自古跋(ba)尾押(ya)署(shu)”條。