第(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)是漢族(zu)(zu)(zu)復姓(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi),為(wei)田齊王(wang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)。秦末天下紛爭,起(qi)先被秦國(guo)所滅的(de)六國(guo),其王(wang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)后(hou)(hou)裔們(men),爭先糾集人馬反秦復國(guo);而在漢高祖(zu)劉邦建立(li)漢朝后(hou)(hou),顧慮到這些復國(guo)失敗(bai)的(de)舊(jiu)王(wang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)勢力,便將(jiang)他們(men)紛紛遷(qian)出原籍,另外擇地安置。其中(zhong)將(jiang)田齊王(wang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)從第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)到第(di)(di)八分(fen)為(wei)八支遷(qian)走,故而后(hou)(hou)人以第(di)(di)次為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi),第(di)(di)五氏(shi)就為(wei)這里的(de)一(yi)(yi)支。如今(jin),第(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)多分(fen)布于陜西涇陽、旬(xun)邑一(yi)(yi)帶,一(yi)(yi)些第(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)現多演(yan)化為(wei)第(di)(di)姓(xing)(xing)、五姓(xing)(xing)或伍姓(xing)(xing)。
第五(wu)氏出名的歷史(shi)人物(wu)有漢代大司(si)空第五(wu)倫(lun),唐代宰相(xiang)第五(wu)琦等。
復姓(xing)第五可(ke)以追溯到舜(shun)帝,其后(hou)(hou)有(you)姚、媯(gui)、陳、胡(hu)、田(tian),皆為同根同源,史(shi)稱“媯(gui)汭五姓(xing)”。后(hou)(hou)舜(shun)的后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)(yi)不(bu)斷發展(zhan),一直到商(shang)朝后(hou)(hou)期(qi),舜(shun)的后(hou)(hou)代(dai)閼(e)父歸順于周(zhou)文王(wang)(wang),任陶正之(zhi)官。后(hou)(hou)周(zhou)武王(wang)(wang)消滅商(shang)紂,建(jian)立(li)周(zhou)朝,并將長女大姬(ji)嫁與閼(e)父之(zhi)子媯(gui)滿(舜(shun)后(hou)(hou)33代(dai)孫)。后(hou)(hou)來,武王(wang)(wang)追封上古圣王(wang)(wang)的后(hou)(hou)裔(yi)(yi),媯(gui)滿氏(shi)(shi)因此被封為陳侯,位于陳地,國都位于今天河南淮(huai)陽(yang)縣。媯(gui)滿史(shi)稱陳胡(hu)公,胡(hu)公滿,其后(hou)(hou)代(dai)以國為姓(xing),從(cong)而(er)產生了陳氏(shi)(shi),后(hou)(hou)代(dai)以胡(hu)公謚號為氏(shi)(shi),產生了胡(hu)氏(shi)(shi)。
陳(chen)(chen)(chen)姓在春秋(qiu)中(zhong)期分出田姓。在陳(chen)(chen)(chen)厲(li)公(gong)(gong)時,陳(chen)(chen)(chen)國發生(sheng)了爭奪君位的內(nei)亂,陳(chen)(chen)(chen)厲(li)公(gong)(gong)之子陳(chen)(chen)(chen)完(wan)逃出齊國避難,為(wei)避禍(huo)而改為(wei)田姓,陳(chen)(chen)(chen)完(wan)是(shi)田姓的始祖。陳(chen)(chen)(chen)完(wan)在齊國受到禮遇,任工正。
陳完(wan)的后代(dai)田(tian)(tian)氏家族在齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)逐漸發展(zhan),后掌握(wo)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)481年(nian),田(tian)(tian)乞之子(zi)(zi)田(tian)(tian)恒(田(tian)(tian)常子(zi)(zi))殺(sha)齊(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)與諸多(duo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)族,另(ling)立齊(qi)(qi)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),進一步把持政權,又以“修公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)賞”爭取民心。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)391年(nian),田(tian)(tian)成子(zi)(zi)四(si)世孫(sun)田(tian)(tian)和廢齊(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)(qian)386年(nian),田(tian)(tian)和放逐齊(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)于海上,自立為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)君,同年(nian)為(wei)周安(an)王冊命為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)侯,并受(shou)到(dao)諸侯列國(guo)(guo)(guo)的承(cheng)認,這就(jiu)是歷史上著名(ming)的“田(tian)(tian)代(dai)齊(qi)(qi)姜”。前(qian)(qian)379年(nian),齊(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死,姜姓齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)絕祀。田(tian)(tian)氏仍以“齊(qi)(qi)”作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)號,史稱“田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)”。
西漢時期,為(wei)了增強關(guan)中的經濟(ji)實力,削弱各地豪強的殘余勢(shi)力。將齊田氏(shi)分為(wei)八部,分別遷往西安一(yi)帶,并要他(ta)們(men)改姓“第一(yi)”“第二”……一(yi)直到“第八”。
所以第(di)(di)(di)五出(chu)自田(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),源自漢代遷(qian)(qian)徙齊(qi)(qi)國公族所改。據《姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)考略》載:“齊(qi)(qi)田(tian)氏(shi)后(hou),漢時齊(qi)(qi)諸田(tian)徙至京兆(zhao)房陵,以次第(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)。”又《后(hou)漢書·第(di)(di)(di)五倫傳》載:“后(hou)或改姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”漢高祖劉(liu)邦建(jian)立漢朝后(hou),為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)增強(qiang)關(guan)中(zhong)的經濟實力,削弱(ruo)地方門閥勢力,將豪(hao)族名門共十(shi)萬多人(ren)(ren)都遷(qian)(qian)徙到關(guan)中(zhong)房陵(今陜西咸陽一(yi)帶(dai))一(yi)帶(dai)定(ding)居。在(zai)遷(qian)(qian)徙原(yuan)齊(qi)(qi)國田(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貴族時,因族大人(ren)(ren)眾,以門第(di)(di)(di)順序被(bei)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)氏(shi),例(li)如田(tian)廣(guang)的弟弟田(tian)英(ying)為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)氏(shi),其孫田(tian)登為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)二氏(shi),元孫田(tian)癸為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)三氏(shi),第(di)(di)(di)五氏(shi)就是其中(zhong)的一(yi)支,也就產生(sheng)了(le)第(di)(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)。唯(wei)有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)五”氏(shi)這一(yi)支后(hou)來(lai)出(chu)了(le)不少(shao)名人(ren)(ren),得以較普(pu)遍(bian)流傳,所以作為(wei)(wei)(wei)顯姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)收到《續百家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)。第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)等姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),后(hou)來(lai)都改為(wei)(wei)(wei)單姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)”及“五”(伍(wu))兩個姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi),現(xian)在(zai)保留復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的很少(shao)。
隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)郡(jun):秦置隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)郡(jun),治狄道(今甘肅(su)省臨洮南(nan))。曹魏移治襄武(wu)(今東(dong)鄉以東(dong)及隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)一帶(dai)地(di)區)。隋唐為渭(wei)州隴(long)(long)西(xi)(xi)郡(jun)。
東(dong)(dong)郡(jun):東(dong)(dong)郡(jun)始建于(yu)秦始皇五年(庚申(shen),公元前242年),取原魏國之地(di)(di)置東(dong)(dong)郡(jun),包括河(he)北(bei)大(da)名府、山(shan)東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)昌府、及(ji)長(chang)清縣以西(xi)一帶(dai)地(di)(di)區。西(xi)漢時期因之,治(zhi)所在濮陽縣(今(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)濮陽),其時轄地(di)(di)在今(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)南(nan)(nan)部仆陽縣及(ji)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)部一帶(dai)地(di)(di)區。東(dong)(dong)漢初(chu)其平中(zhong)嘗治(zhi)武陽,臧洪為(wei)太(tai)守,又治(zhi)東(dong)(dong)武陽。西(xi)晉朝時期廢黜(chu),東(dong)(dong)晉朝復置,在今(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)滑(hua)(hua)縣東(dong)(dong)部。北(bei)魏王(wang)朝徙治(zhi)至(zhi)滑(hua)(hua)臺(今(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)滑(hua)(hua)縣),隋朝初(chu)期廢黜(chu),后曾(ceng)以兗州為(wei)東(dong)(dong)郡(jun),此兗州是由滑(hua)(hua)州(今(jin)河(he)南(nan)(nan)滑(hua)(hua)縣)改名而成,并非今(jin)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)之兗州。南(nan)(nan)朝宋國再置東(dong)(dong)郡(jun),在河(he)南(nan)(nan)陳州府境。
隴西堂:以(yi)望立堂。
東郡堂(tang):以望(wang)立堂(tang),亦稱江扈堂(tang)。
廉貞忠厚;正(zheng)直清高。
——佚名撰第五(wu)姓
上聯典指東漢長陵人(ren)第(di)五(wu)倫,字伯魚(yu),耿直無私,以清節著稱。建(jian)武年(nian)間舉(ju)孝廉(lian),官會稽太守,章帝時任司空(kong)。下聯典指第(di)五(wu)倫的(de)曾(ceng)孫第(di)五(wu)種。
清高正直;忠厚廉貞。
——佚名撰第五姓宗祠通用聯
上聯典(dian)指東漢·第(di)五(wu)種為(wei)官清正,名冠(guan)州郡,時(shi)人謂:“清高(gao)正直(zhi),以種為(wei)首。”下(xia)聯典(dian)指第(di)五(wu)種的(de)曾祖(zu)父(fu)第(di)五(wu)倫為(wei)司空,奉公(gong)盡節,所得俸祿僅給衣食,余(yu)皆散資貧民。
維(wei)揚邗東第五(wu)氏(shi)宗譜,著者待考,民(min)國年間木刻活(huo)字印本兩冊(ce)。現被(bei)收藏在江(jiang)蘇省常州市家譜收藏者朱炳國處。
陜(shan)西(xi)旬邑第(di)五氏家譜,著者待(dai)考,民國(guo)年(nian)間手寫本。現被收(shou)藏在陜(shan)西(xi)省咸陽市旬邑縣魏(wei)洛村第(di)五氏宗祠。
第五(wu)倫:字伯(bo)魚,京兆長(chang)陵(ling)人也,東漢(han)(han)大司(si)空(kong)(即東漢(han)(han)宰相(xiang))。其先(xian)齊諸田,諸田徙園陵(ling)者(zhe)多,故以次第為(wei)氏。第五(wu)倫曾為(wei)東漢(han)(han)初年光武(wu)帝(di)、明(ming)帝(di)、章帝(di)三朝元(yuan)老(lao),為(wei)官(guan)清(qing)廉無私,盡(jin)忠守節,其后輩(bei)有五(wu)人在(zai)朝為(wei)官(guan),與東漢(han)(han)相(xiang)始終。
第五(wu)頡:字子(zi)陵(ling),第五(wu)倫少(shao)子(zi);京兆長陵(ling)人(今陜西咸陽(yang))。著名東漢(han)大(da)臣。先為(wei)郡功曹,州從事,公(gong)府辟(pi)舉高第,后為(wei)侍御史,南頓(dun)令,桂(gui)陽(yang)、南陽(yang)、廬江三郡太(tai)守,諫議大(da)夫(fu)。漢(han)順帝(di)之為(wei)太(tai)子(zi)廢(fei)也(ye),第五(wu)頡為(wei)太(tai)中大(da)夫(fu),與太(tai)仆(pu)來歷等共守闕固(gu)爭。漢(han)順帝(di)即位(wei),第五(wu)頡擢為(wei)將作大(da)匠,卒官。
第(di)五(wu)種:字興先,歷官高密侯相(xiang)、兗州刺史。因彈劾中常(chang)侍單(dan)超及其侄子單(dan)匡,屢受陷害。當時人說:“清(qing)高正直(zhi),以第(di)五(wu)種為(wei)第(di)一。”
第(di)五訪:字仲謀,東(dong)(dong)漢中(zhong)期京兆長陵(今陜西省咸陽市東(dong)(dong)北(bei))人。
第五上(shang):東漢(han)刺史,為官冠名(ming)州郡,永(yong)壽中(zhong)以奉使稱職(zhi),拜(bai)高(gao)密侯相,懲治貪惡(e),剛直不宥。
第五(wu)元先:東漢學者,通京氏易、公羊春秋、三統歷、九章算術,為鄭康成之(zhi)師。
第五琦:唐代同中書(shu)門下(xia)平(ping)章事(shi)(即唐朝(chao)宰相)。曾為(wei)扶風郡(jun)公(gong),京(jing)兆尹,改戶部(bu)侍郎,判度支等,能(neng)言強國富(fu)民術,不(bu)益賦而(er)用以饒。乾元(yuan)時升(sheng)任同中書(shu)門下(xia)平(ping)章事(shi),終年七十歲,贈太子少保、子峰。
第(di)五可范:唐昭宗的親信宦官(guan),后來權臣朱(zhu)溫(wen)迫(po)使唐昭宗將第(di)五可范賜死。
第五均:宋朝人,官至宰相,生卒不詳。
中(zhong)國復(fu)(fu)姓第(di)五(wu)主要聚(ju)居在陜西省咸陽市(shi)的(de)魏洛村和埝口五(wu)村,這兩個村子除(chu)了個別(bie)的(de)雜姓外(wai),基本都復(fu)(fu)姓第(di)五(wu)。另外(wai)在全國各(ge)地的(de)其它地方(fang)也(ye)散居著很多復(fu)(fu)姓第(di)五(wu)。臺灣有7家復(fu)(fu)姓第(di)五(wu),其祖先(xian)在今天的(de)魏洛村,主要居住在臺北市(shi)內湖區。
中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)復姓(xing)“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”聚居(ju)最(zui)多(duo)的就(jiu)是在(zai)陜西省旬邑縣太村鎮赤道社區魏(wei)洛村,全(quan)村有4000多(duo)人都(dou)(dou)姓(xing)“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。據村民(min)介紹,第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)為(wei)田(tian)齊王族之后。祖上傳(chuan)說在(zai)漢(han)朝(chao)就(jiu)住在(zai)這(zhe)里。村上建有“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)三朝(chao)宰相(xiang)祠堂”,即東漢(han)漢(han)明(ming)帝時期(qi)(qi)大(da)司空:第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)倫,唐(tang)朝(chao)唐(tang)肅宗時期(qi)(qi)宰相(xiang):第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)琦,宋朝(chao)(時期(qi)(qi)不詳)宰相(xiang):第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)均。有“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)宗族家(jia)(jia)譜”。2007年1月13日,陜西省涇(jing)(jing)陽縣埝口五(wu)(wu)村。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)地理雜(za)志的攝影師馬(ma)宏杰指揮幾十位(wei)村民(min)拍集(ji)體照(zhao),因為(wei)這(zhe)些(xie)村民(min)都(dou)(dou)姓(xing)“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”這(zhe)個姓(xing)其(qi)實(shi)并(bing)不鮮見,古(gu)時候從“第(di)(di)一”到“第(di)(di)八(ba)”都(dou)(dou)是姓(xing)氏(shi),《百家(jia)(jia)姓(xing)》中(zhong)的最(zui)后8個字就(jiu)是“第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)言(yan)福(fu)、百家(jia)(jia)姓(xing)終”。第(di)(di)一到第(di)(di)八(ba)都(dou)(dou)曾存在(zai)過,不過現在(zai)第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)最(zui)多(duo)的了,第(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)主(zhu)要分布(bu)在(zai)陜西涇(jing)(jing)陽和旬邑。
今江蘇省(sheng)的(de)(de)揚州市(shi),天津(jin)市(shi),陜西省(sheng)的(de)(de)咸陽(yang)市(shi)涇陽(yang)縣(xian)、旬邑縣(xian)、彬縣(xian)、西安(an)市(shi)高陵縣(xian),寧夏回族(zu)自治區的(de)(de)吳忠(zhong)市(shi)、靈武(wu)市(shi),甘肅省(sheng)的(de)(de)慶陽(yang)市(shi)寧縣(xian)、浙江省(sheng)的(de)(de)舟山市(shi)定海縣(xian),安(an)徽省(sheng)的(de)(de)滁州市(shi),臺(tai)灣省(sheng)的(de)(de)臺(tai)北市(shi)內湖區等(deng)地,均有第五氏族(zu)人(ren)分布,總(zong)人(ren)口(kou)在六千以上。
其中:姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五(有(you)的(de)(de)寫成第(di)伍(wu))的(de)(de)在(zai)甘(gan)肅(su)(su)有(you)178人(ren),姓(xing)(xing)第(di)的(de)(de)有(you)1587人(ren),合計(ji)1765人(ren),主要分布(bu)在(zai)甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省寧(ning)縣、慶(qing)城縣和合水縣,蘭州市、嘉峪(yu)關市、白銀市也有(you)分布(bu)。甘(gan)肅(su)(su)寧(ning)縣的(de)(de)第(di)(第(di)五)家族(zu),主要居住在(zai)早(zao)勝鎮、良平鎮等地,據考證,其祖先是從陜西旬邑縣赤道鄉魏洛村遷徙而(er)來。
《姓(xing)氏考略》:齊田(tian)氏后,漢時齊諸田(tian)徙至京兆房陵,以次第(di)為姓(xing),有第(di)一至第(di)八。
《后漢書·第(di)五倫傳》:后或(huo)改姓。