芒果视频

基本介紹

七星瓢(piao)(piao)蟲（學名：Coccinella septempunctata）是瓢(piao)(piao)蟲科(ke)、瓢(piao)(piao)蟲屬昆蟲。成蟲體(ti)長5.2-6.5毫米(mi)，寬4.0-5.6毫米(mi)；身體(ti)卵圓形(xing)，背部(bu)拱(gong)起，呈水瓢(piao)(piao)狀(zhuang)；頭(tou)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)、復眼黑(hei)(hei)色(se)，內側凹(ao)入處各(ge)(ge)有(you)一淡黃(huang)(huang)色(se)點(dian)；觸角(jiao)褐(he)色(se)；口器黑(hei)(hei)色(se)；上額(e)外(wai)側為黃(huang)(huang)色(se)；前(qian)胸(xiong)背板(ban)黑(hei)(hei)，前(qian)上角(jiao)各(ge)(ge)有(you)1個(ge)較(jiao)大的近(jin)方形(xing)的淡黃(huang)(huang)地；小(xiao)盾片(pian)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)；鞘翅紅色(se)或(huo)橙黃(huang)(huang)色(se)，兩側共有(you)7個(ge)黑(hei)(hei)斑，左右兩側各(ge)(ge)有(you)3個(ge)黑(hei)(hei)點(dian)，接(jie)合處前(qian)方尚有(you)一個(ge)更大的黑(hei)(hei)點(dian)；翅基(ji)部(bu)在小(xiao)盾片(pian)兩側各(ge)(ge)有(you)1個(ge)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)白斑；體(ti)腹及足(zu)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)。

七(qi)星瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)一生要(yao)經過卵、幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、蛹和成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)4個不同發育階段(duan)，各蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)態的(de)發育歷期，主(zhu)要(yao)受食(shi)物和溫度的(de)影響。七(qi)星瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)是遷飛性昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)覓食(shi)行為(wei)屬于廣域(yu)搜索與區域(yu)集中搜索行為(wei)的(de)轉換。七(qi)星瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)為(wei)食(shi)，有時(shi)還取(qu)食(shi)小土(tu)粒、真(zhen)菌(jun)孢子(zi)和一些(xie)小型昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，秋天還常常取(qu)食(shi)植物的(de)花粉。廣泛分布于非(fei)洲(zhou)(zhou)、歐洲(zhou)(zhou)、亞洲(zhou)(zhou)。

七星瓢蟲的(de)名稱由其鞘翅上的(de)7個黑色斑點而來，但是(shi)其身上的(de)斑點數(shu)量是(shi)各不相(xiang)同的(de)。

常見種類

近種區別

七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)幼蟲(chong)與異(yi)色(se)(se)(se)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)幼蟲(chong)相似。區別在于七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)幼蟲(chong)淡藍灰色(se)(se)(se)，異(yi)色(se)(se)(se)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)幼蟲(chong)灰黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)。七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)幼蟲(chong)腹(fu)部(bu)背(bei)(bei)面(mian)和(he)側(ce)面(mian)，每節(jie)生有(you)(you)六個(ge)短刺(ci)(ci)；第一(yi)(yi)(yi)、四(si)兩(liang)節(jie)背(bei)(bei)面(mian)兩(liang)側(ce)，各(ge)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)黃色(se)(se)(se)短刺(ci)(ci)；其余各(ge)節(jie)短刺(ci)(ci)皆為黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)。異(yi)色(se)(se)(se)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)幼蟲(chong)腹(fu)部(bu)背(bei)(bei)面(mian)兩(liang)側(ce)，每節(jie)生有(you)(you)六個(ge)分枝的(de)枝刺(ci)(ci)，第四(si)兩(liang)節(jie)的(de)背(bei)(bei)面(mian)兩(liang)側(ce)，各(ge)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)桔紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)枝刺(ci)(ci)，其中(zhong)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)節(jie)的(de)兩(liang)個(ge)枝刺(ci)(ci)基(ji)部(bu)相連，形成一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)桔紅(hong)色(se)(se)(se)大斑。

某(mou)些金(jin)花蟲類的(de)卵(luan)，如柳(liu)葉(xie)(xie)甲(jia)的(de)卵(luan)和七(qi)星(xing)瓢蟲的(de)卵(luan)很相(xiang)似，常被誤認為(wei)七(qi)星(xing)瓢蟲卵(luan)，但兩(liang)者(zhe)是有明顯區別的(de)：①兩(liang)者(zhe)產(chan)卵(luan)習性不同(tong)，柳(liu)葉(xie)(xie)甲(jia)常在(zai)柳(liu)葉(xie)(xie)上產(chan)卵(luan)，而(er)七(qi)星(xing)瓢蟲通常不在(zai)樹葉(xie)(xie)上產(chan)卵(luan)；②柳(liu)葉(xie)(xie)甲(jia)卵(luan)粒是長圓(yuan)形，卵(luan)塊(kuai)排列(lie)疏松而(er)不整(zheng)齊(qi)，七(qi)星(xing)瓢蟲的(de)卵(luan)粒是梭形，排列(lie)緊密而(er)整(zheng)齊(qi)。

生長與分布

近種區別

七星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲廣泛分布于(yu)北(bei)(bei)美洲、歐洲、亞洲。在中(zhong)國分布于(yu)東北(bei)(bei)、華北(bei)(bei)、華中(zhong)、西北(bei)(bei)、華東和西南(nan)地(di)區。

亞種分化

中文名 拉丁學名 命名者及年代

七星瓢蟲日本亞種(zhong) Coccinella septempunctata brucki Mulsant，1866

七星瓢蟲指名亞種 Coccinella septempunctata septempunctata Linnaeus，1758

形態及特征

成蟲

七星瓢蟲體長5.2-7.0毫(hao)米(mi)，寬4.0-5.6毫(hao)米(mi)。蟲體卵圓形(xing)，背面光滑并拱(gong)超呈半球狀。剛羽化的成蟲柔軟(ruan)，嫩(nen)黃(huang)色(se)，2-3小時(shi)后(hou)，整個體軀(qu)和鞘翅(chi)變硬，顏色(se)由黃(huang)變紅，同時(shi)鞘翅(chi)上出現7個黑色(se)斑點(dian)。

七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲和(he)(he)(he)其它昆蟲一(yi)(yi)樣，體軀分(fen)為(wei)頭(tou)、胸(xiong)、腹(fu)(fu)三部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)。各部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)均由若干個體節(jie)(jie)組成。頭(tou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)觸角(jiao)，一(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)復眼和(he)(he)(he)口器(qi)，口器(qi)兩側有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)下顎(e)須。頭(tou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)較小(xiao)，經常后縮在(zai)發(fa)達(da)的(de)(de)前胸(xiong)背板(ban)之下，胸(xiong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生有(you)(you)(you)兩對(dui)(dui)翅(chi)，三對(dui)(dui)足(zu)。腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)八(ba)節(jie)(jie)，但(dan)腹(fu)(fu)面只能看到(dao)6一(yi)(yi)7節(jie)(jie)。腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)末(mo)端有(you)(you)(you)外生殖(zhi)器(qi)和(he)(he)(he)肛門(men)。胸(xiong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)(he)腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)側面生有(you)(you)(you)氣孔，是(shi)呼吸(xi)時氣體進出的(de)(de)通道，七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲和(he)(he)(he)許多(duo)有(you)(you)(you)硬(ying)翅(chi)鞘的(de)(de)昆蟲（分(fen)類學上(shang)稱鞘翅(chi)目(mu)）一(yi)(yi)樣，有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)角(jiao)質(zhi)堅硬(ying)的(de)(de)前翅(chi)。平(ping)時，這一(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)的(de)(de)翅(chi)并合，覆(fu)蓋在(zai)胸(xiong)腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)背上(shang)。后翅(chi)為(wei)半(ban)透(tou)明的(de)(de)膜(mo)質(zhi)，平(ping)時折疊，匿于(yu)前翅(chi)之下。七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)(piao)蟲的(de)(de)下顎(e)須末(mo)節(jie)(jie)呈(cheng)斧狀，足(zu)的(de)(de)咐節(jie)(jie)是(shi)四節(jie)(jie)，但(dan)第(di)三節(jie)(jie)特別小(xiao)，并匿于(yu)第(di)二節(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)兩個分(fen)葉(xie)之間，粗看很象(xiang)是(shi)三節(jie)(jie)。

七星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)雌(ci)雄(xiong)(xiong)形態，斑(ban)紋相同，雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)常較雄(xiong)(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)大些。兩者可(ke)靠的(de)(de)鑒(jian)別(bie)特征是雄(xiong)(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)腹(fu)部腹(fu)面末端(duan)，有一小(xiao)的(de)(de)橫的(de)(de)凹陷，而雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)則平(ping)坦而光(guang)滑，無此凹陷。

幼蟲

七(qi)星(xing)瓢蟲幼(you)(you)(you)蟲體(ti)表(biao)有(you)一(yi)層較堅硬的(de)表(biao)皮，它的(de)伸展性有(you)限，所以生長(chang)(chang)到一(yi)定(ding)階段，必須(xu)蛻(tui)去老皮，著生新皮，才能繼續(xu)成長(chang)(chang)。每(mei)蛻(tui)一(yi)次皮，就增加(jia)一(yi)個(ge)齡期，幼(you)(you)(you)蟲共(gong)蛻(tui)三(san)次皮，有(you)四個(ge)齡期。初孵幼(you)(you)(you)蟲（一(yi)齡）身體(ti)很小(xiao)，只有(you)2-3毫米，孵化(hua)后(hou)(hou)，就聚(ju)集在原卵塊(kuai)的(de)殘殼上(shang)，約經(jing)8-12小(xiao)時，開始(shi)分散(san)取食(shi)。約兩天后(hou)(hou)，蛻(tui)皮變為二齡，此(ci)時體(ti)長(chang)(chang)已增大一(yi)倍(bei)多，腹(fu)部第一(yi)節背面兩側，出現兩個(ge)黃(huang)(huang)色肉(rou)瘤，三(san)齡幼(you)(you)(you)蟲除體(ti)長(chang)(chang)加(jia)大外，腹(fu)部第一(yi)、四兩節的(de)背面兩側，各有(you)一(yi)對(dui)黃(huang)(huang)色肉(rou)瘤，但(dan)第四節的(de)肉(rou)瘤不很明顯，要用放大鏡才能看清楚，到四齡時，這兩對(dui)肉(rou)瘤都非常(chang)明顯。當(dang)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲老熟時，體(ti)形(xing)變粗(cu)，最(zui)后(hou)(hou)以尾端固著在植株等(deng)附著物上(shang)，準(zhun)備化(hua)蛹。

蛹

體長(chang)7毫米(mi)，寬5毫米(mi)。體黃色。前胸背板(ban)前緣(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)4個(ge)黑(hei)點，中央2個(ge)呈三角形，前胸背板(ban)后(hou)緣(yuan)中央有(you)(you)(you)2個(ge)黑(hei)點，兩側(ce)角有(you)(you)(you)2個(ge)黑(hei)斑(ban)(ban)。中胸背板(ban)有(you)(you)(you)2個(ge)黑(hei)斑(ban)(ban)。腹部(bu)第(di)2-6節背面左右有(you)(you)(you)4個(ge)黑(hei)斑(ban)(ban)。腹末帶有(you)(you)(you)末齡(ling)幼(you)蟲的黑(hei)色蛻皮。

生活習性

食性特點

七(qi)星瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)下(xia)(xia)顎(e)(e)須是(shi)它(ta)的(de)主要觸覺(jue)和(he)嗅覺(jue)器(qi)官(guan)。七(qi)星瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)經常(chang)在蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)寄(ji)主植物上(shang)爬動、搜(sou)索，當下(xia)(xia)顎(e)(e)須觸到蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時，能迅速地用上(shang)顎(e)(e)咬(yao)住(zhu)，將蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)吞(tun)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。如果下(xia)(xia)顎(e)(e)須沒有(you)觸到，即使蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)就在它(ta)的(de)眼前(qian)，似乎也不(bu)能發現。七(qi)星瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)雖(sui)都取(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，但(dan)因(yin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)態不(bu)同(tong)，口器(qi)結構不(bu)同(tong)，取(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方法也有(you)差(cha)別。成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時，通(tong)常(chang)將蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)咬(yao)住(zhu)，經過口器(qi)的(de)簡單(dan)咀(ju)嚼后，將蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)軀體、附肢等完全吞(tun)下(xia)(xia)。大齡(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基本上(shang)和(he)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)(yi)樣。但(dan)初(chu)齡(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)因(yin)口器(qi)小(xiao)，吞(tun)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)力差(cha)，取(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時常(chang)在蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體上(shang)咬(yao)一(yi)(yi)個孔，吸食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)汁液，最(zui)后留下(xia)(xia)蚜(ya)(ya)體殘(can)殼。一(yi)(yi)頭(tou)七(qi)星瓢(piao)(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，平均一(yi)(yi)天吃棉蚜(ya)(ya)100-120頭(tou)，吃菜蚜(ya)(ya)147頭(tou)，吃杏蚜(ya)(ya)59頭(tou)。幼(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)量則因(yin)齡(ling)(ling)期(qi)的(de)大小(xiao)而不(bu)同(tong)，齡(ling)(ling)期(qi)小(xiao)吃的(de)少，齡(ling)(ling)期(qi)大吃的(de)多。

七星瓢(piao)蟲(chong)有吃(chi)(chi)卵(luan)和互相捕(bu)食的(de)習(xi)性。在(zai)食物不足的(de)情況(kuang)下，七星瓢(piao)蟲(chong)成蟲(chong)很容易(yi)吃(chi)(chi)掉(diao)已產下的(de)卵(luan)塊。即使有充足的(de)蚜蟲(chong)，它(ta)們也喜歡(huan)吃(chi)(chi)卵(luan)；幼(you)蟲(chong)則常互相捕(bu)食。同一卵(luan)塊早孵(fu)出的(de)個體(ti)，常吃(chi)(chi)掉(diao)尚未孵(fu)化的(de)卵(luan)粒。大(da)齡幼(you)蟲(chong)常吃(chi)(chi)掉(diao)小齡幼(you)蟲(chong)。蛹也常被(bei)成蟲(chong)和大(da)齡幼(you)蟲(chong)吃(chi)(chi)掉(diao)。

七(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)雖(sui)然主要是吃蚜蟲(chong)(chong)，但并(bing)不(bu)僅僅限于以蚜蟲(chong)(chong)為食(shi)。中(zhong)國北京的(de)金山腳下，在秋天蒿草和荊條上并(bing)沒(mei)有蚜蟲(chong)(chong)，七(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)成蟲(chong)(chong)卻群集其上，數(shu)量(liang)很多。經(jing)過仔細觀察和消化道解(jie)削并(bing)在顯微鏡下檢查，發現(xian)七(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)在早春不(bu)僅吃蚜蟲(chong)(chong)，還取食(shi)小土粒、真菌(jun)孢(bao)子和一些(xie)小型昆蟲(chong)(chong)。秋天，七(qi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)則常(chang)常(chang)取食(shi)植物的(de)花粉。

發育過程

七星(xing)瓢蟲(chong)一(yi)(yi)生經過(guo)卵、幼(you)蟲(chong)、蛹、成蟲(chong)等四個發(fa)(fa)育階(jie)段(duan)。七星(xing)瓢蟲(chong)各(ge)蟲(chong)態的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)育歷期(qi)(qi)，主(zhu)要受(shou)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)和溫(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。在(zai)適宜的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)條(tiao)件(jian)下，溫(wen)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)同，發(fa)(fa)育的(de)(de)速(su)率(lv)也(ye)不(bu)(bu)相同。幼(you)蟲(chong)期(qi)(qi)在(zai)15℃條(tiao)件(jian)下，長達(da)44.1天(tian)(tian)，而在(zai)24-26℃時(shi)只有(you)8-9.4天(tian)(tian)。高于30℃發(fa)(fa)育速(su)率(lv)又逐漸降低，33℃時(shi)幼(you)蟲(chong)期(qi)(qi)又延長到16.2天(tian)(tian)。溫(wen)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)適宜時(shi)發(fa)(fa)育緩慢的(de)(de)原因(yin)，除直接受(shou)溫(wen)度(du)(du)影響(xiang)外(wai)，取食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)速(su)率(lv)低也(ye)有(you)關(guan)系。一(yi)(yi)頭(tou)四齡幼(you)蟲(chong)在(zai)25℃左右時(shi)，每天(tian)(tian)取食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)百多(duo)頭(tou)蚜蟲(chong)，而在(zai)15℃時(shi)，僅取食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)十幾頭(tou)。

越冬行為

七星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)以(yi)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)冬(dong)，多選擇較干燥、溫暖的(de)枯枝(zhi)落(luo)葉下(xia)、雜草(cao)基部(bu)近地面(mian)的(de)土塊下(xia)、土縫中、樹皮裂縫處(chu)潛伏，蟄伏越(yue)冬(dong)后，若遇溫度回暖，又爬出(chu)越(yue)冬(dong)場所活動(dong)。出(chu)蟄后的(de)七星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)迅速在林(lin)木(mu)、雜草(cao)和(he)作(zuo)物(wu)之間(jian)活動(dong)，特(te)別是(shi)帶(dai)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)作(zuo)物(wu)與開(kai)花果木(mu)上。七星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)是(shi)遷(qian)飛性(xing)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)，成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)覓食行為屬于廣域搜索(suo)與區(qu)域集中搜索(suo)行為的(de)轉換。

避敵本領

七星瓢蟲(chong)有著驚人的(de)避敵(di)本領。只要有天(tian)敵(di)來(lai)擾或受到(dao)外(wai)界突然的(de)刺激，它(ta)就(jiu)會發生一種(zhong)叫(jiao)做(zuo)“神(shen)經休克(ke)(ke)”現象(xiang)，有點像(xiang)失去知覺(jue)似的(de)一動不動。“休克(ke)(ke)”過后(hou)，受到(dao)刺激的(de)神(shen)經系統恢復正常(chang)，它(ta)又清(qing)醒(xing)過來(lai)，開始(shi)爬行。這種(zhong)“死去活來(lai)”的(de)舉止，人們稱它(ta)“假死”。如果(guo)用手去捏它(ta)，它(ta)就(jiu)會使出(chu)第二招(zhao)避敵(di)本領，在它(ta)6條足上(shang)的(de)各關(guan)節中(zhong)間，滲出(chu)一種(zhong)黃色汁液來(lai)，這些汁液散發出(chu)來(lai)的(de)辣臭(chou)味，可使人聞(wen)之感(gan)到(dao)膩煩(fan)，就(jiu)連(lian)鳥類(lei)聞(wen)到(dao)這種(zhong)怪味，也“退避三舍”。

飼養方法

野外捕捉

活動場所

七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)在不同(tong)季節(jie)的(de)活動(dong)場(chang)所(suo)不一樣。冬(dong)天，七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)在小麥和(he)油菜的(de)根莖間越冬(dong)，也有的(de)在向陽(yang)的(de)土塊、土縫中(zhong)過冬(dong)。春天，一旦氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)升到10℃以上(shang)，越冬(dong)的(de)七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)就(jiu)蘇醒過來，開始活動(dong)，在麥類(lei)和(he)油菜植物(wu)株(zhu)上(shang)能找到它。夏(xia)天，隨著氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)升高(gao)和(he)食物(wu)增多，七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)大(da)量繁殖，凡是有蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)和(he)蚧(jie)蟲(chong)(chong)寄生的(de)植物(wu)，如(ru)棉花(hua)、柳樹、槐樹、榆樹、豆(dou)類(lei)等植株(zhu)上(shang)，都能找到七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)，有時(shi)甚至(zhi)出現(xian)大(da)批七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)聚集的(de)景(jing)象。秋天，田間七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)數量減(jian)少，它常在玉米、蘿卜和(he)白菜等處產(chan)卵(luan)，這(zhe)時(shi)候，早晚的(de)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)較低，七(qi)(qi)星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)往(wang)往(wang)隱(yin)蔽(bi)起來，不易(yi)發(fa)現(xian)，需在上(shang)午7點鐘(zhong)以后至(zhi)太(tai)陽(yang)下山之前(qian)采集。

捕捉方法

越冬(dong)的(de)(de)七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲不食不動，只要找到，捕捉(zhuo)很方便，用手就能(neng)捉(zhuo)住。其他季節的(de)(de)七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲善(shan)爬(pa)能(neng)飛，可(ke)以利用它假死(si)習性，用塑料袋迅速套住棲息著七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲的(de)(de)枝(zhi)條，抖動一(yi)下，七(qi)星(xing)(xing)瓢蟲立(li)即(ji)掉(diao)落在袋里，接著，把枝(zhi)條抽出(chu)，扎(zha)緊口袋，就可(ke)以帶回實驗室。

飼料培育

人(ren)工(gong)飼(si)養七星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)，首先要解決飼(si)料問題。可(ke)以到野外采集(ji)天(tian)然飼(si)料蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)，但這種方法費工(gong)多(duo)，有時還(huan)不易(yi)采到。所以用人(ren)工(gong)培養大量蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)，滿足七星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)食用。可(ke)用蠶豆苗人(ren)工(gong)培養蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)。當(dang)分栽(zai)的蠶豆苗長(chang)出3-4厘米高時，把野外采集(ji)的少量蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)放在豆苗上，在室溫20-30℃、相(xiang)對濕度60-70%的條件下培養10-15天(tian)，蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)就能(neng)大量繁殖，這時就可(ke)用蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)作七星(xing)瓢(piao)蟲(chong)(chong)的飼(si)料。

飼養方法

將蛹或(huo)成(cheng)蟲放(fang)入(ru)成(cheng)蟲飼(si)養籠(long)內(nei)，每(mei)籠(long)放(fang)雌蟲500-750頭，并搭配1/4的(de)(de)(de)雄蟲。成(cheng)蟲喂人(ren)工飼(si)料或(huo)蚜蟲，每(mei)天喂飼(si)料和加水(shui)。新(xin)羽(yu)化的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)蟲，經過幾天的(de)(de)(de)取(qu)食，逐步達到性(xing)成(cheng)熟，便交尾產卵(luan)。產卵(luan)時(shi)(shi)間多在晚上(shang)(shang)7-9點鐘。卵(luan)產在籠(long)頂和內(nei)側的(de)(de)(de)紙上(shang)(shang)，收(shou)卵(luan)時(shi)(shi)，將籠(long)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)紙取(qu)出，換上(shang)(shang)新(xin)鮮的(de)(de)(de)紙就成(cheng)了(le)。收(shou)卵(luan)每(mei)天1-2次，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)換飼(si)料和水(shui)。收(shou)卵(luan)時(shi)(shi)先準(zhun)備一批(pi)空(kong)飼(si)養籠(long)，籠(long)底(di)打開(kai)，頂面向(xiang)光，然后將有蟲的(de)(de)(de)籠(long)底(di)面紗(sha)布(bu)拆開(kai)，籠(long)底(di)對準(zhun)籠(long)底(di)，成(cheng)蟲馬上(shang)(shang)向(xiang)有光的(de)(de)(de)方向(xiang)集(ji)中，進入(ru)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)籠(long)內(nei)。

成(cheng)(cheng)蟲飼養時(shi)，如食(shi)料不足，就(jiu)不產卵(luan)。成(cheng)(cheng)蟲在黑暗條件下活(huo)(huo)躍，晚上可適當(dang)加光照，減少成(cheng)(cheng)蟲活(huo)(huo)動，避免相互碰傷。

散發利用

七(qi)(qi)星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)大量繁(fan)殖(zhi)后，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)到田(tian)間，幫助人類消(xiao)滅蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和蚧(jie)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。如棉田(tian)出現(xian)大量蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)危害(hai)，這時(shi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)把七(qi)(qi)星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)散(san)(san)放(fang)(fang)(fang)到棉田(tian)里(li)，它(ta)就能(neng)將(jiang)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)吃掉。散(san)(san)發時(shi)，在棉田(tian)邊(bian)走邊(bian)放(fang)(fang)(fang)七(qi)(qi)星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，走幾(ji)步(bu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)幾(ji)只，以(yi)(yi)(yi)求散(san)(san)放(fang)(fang)(fang)均(jun)勻(yun)：①掌握好(hao)散(san)(san)放(fang)(fang)(fang)時(shi)間，以(yi)(yi)(yi)傍晚時(shi)散(san)(san)放(fang)(fang)(fang)為宜。因為傍晚氣溫(wen)較低，光(guang)線較暗，七(qi)(qi)星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)活動(dong)性較弱，不(bu)易遷飛；②采(cai)用成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)混(hun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)。因為幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)沒有(you)(you)遷飛能(neng)力(li)，不(bu)會逃(tao)逸，而(er)它(ta)也有(you)(you)吃蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的本領；③散(san)(san)發前一天停止喂食，再(zai)進(jin)(jin)行散(san)(san)放(fang)(fang)(fang)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)降低七(qi)(qi)星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)遷飛活動(dong)能(neng)力(li)；④散(san)(san)放(fang)(fang)(fang)后兩(liang)天內(nei)，不(bu)進(jin)(jin)行中耕和其他田(tian)間管理，以(yi)(yi)(yi)免(mian)使七(qi)(qi)星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)受(shou)驚(jing)遷逃(tao)。

繁殖方式

自然繁殖

產卵

七(qi)星瓢蟲卵(luan)通常成(cheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)地產(chan)(chan)在莖(jing)葉或土塊(kuai)(kuai)上。卵(luan)粒梭形(xing)，豎立，整齊(qi)地排列成(cheng)塊(kuai)(kuai)。每個卵(luan)塊(kuai)(kuai)一般(ban)30粒左(zuo)右(you)。最多可達百(bai)余粒，少的則(ze)僅有幾粒。剛產(chan)(chan)下(xia)的卵(luan)淡(dan)黃(huang)色(se)，后逐漸變(bian)為杏黃(huang)色(se)。將孵化時(shi)，呈黑渴色(se)。

新羽化的(de)(de)七星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，待體軀和翅鞘硬(ying)化后(hou)，便開(kai)(kai)始活動(dong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)，3-4天(tian)后(hou)交(jiao)尾。七星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)有多次交(jiao)尾習性(xing)，但經一次交(jiao)尾，雌(ci)(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)所產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)卵(luan)就(jiu)都能(neng)孵化。秋(qiu)季越冬代成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)交(jiao)尾后(hou)，雖活動(dong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)，但卵(luan)巢并不發育(yu)，翌春活動(dong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)才開(kai)(kai)始產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)。非越冬代成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)交(jiao)尾3-5天(tian)后(hou)，便開(kai)(kai)始產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)開(kai)(kai)始以后(hou)，幾(ji)天(tian)內就(jiu)達到(dao)了(le)高(gao)峰(feng)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)盛期(qi)持續一個月(yue)左右(you)。在(zai)盛期(qi)的(de)(de)33天(tian)里，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)下了(le)全部卵(luan)粒的(de)(de)95%以上。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)盛期(qi)，一頭雌(ci)(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一天(tian)可產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)好(hao)幾(ji)個卵(luan)塊(kuai)。七星(xing)(xing)(xing)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)因取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)種類不同，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)量(liang)大小也不同。取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)它喜歡(huan)吃(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)量(liang)就(jiu)大，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)不害歡(huan)吃(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)蚜蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)時(shi)(shi)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)量(liang)就(jiu)小。

卵期及壽命

七星瓢蟲卵期長短和溫度有(you)關(guan)系，當16-17℃時(shi)(shi)，卵期8天(tian)，24-26℃時(shi)(shi)，卵期僅(jin)2-3天(tian)。七星瓢蟲成(cheng)蟲壽(shou)命(ming)因(yin)世代(dai)(dai)不同而有(you)較大差異。越冬代(dai)(dai)成(cheng)蟲壽(shou)命(ming)一般都較長，可達8-10個月，非越冬代(dai)(dai)成(cheng)蟲一般可活2-3個月。

生殖滯育

七(qi)星(xing)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)生殖(zhi)滯(zhi)(zhi)育(yu)突出地表現于2個方面：①種群中(zhong)產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)所占的(de)比例，簡稱為產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)率(lv)，無(wu)滯(zhi)(zhi)育(yu)時(shi)(shi)達100%；如(ru)越冬后蚜蟲(chong)(chong)充(chong)足時(shi)(shi)便是如(ru)此。而(er)其第二代則因有(you)生殖(zhi)滯(zhi)(zhi)育(yu)，產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)率(lv)下降。②成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)羽化后產(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)前期(qi)延長的(de)程度，這主要由(you)卵(luan)(luan)巢發(fa)育(yu)緩慢或暫時(shi)(shi)停頓所造成(cheng)。顯示出這種差異的(de)是雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)。而(er)雄蟲(chong)(chong)在滯(zhi)(zhi)育(yu)期(qi)間其行為、趨性和生殖(zhi)附腺的(de)分泌活動雖與生殖(zhi)期(qi)有(you)所不(bu)(bu)同，但仍可交(jiao)尾(wei)，睪丸中(zhong)有(you)成(cheng)熟精子。雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)滯(zhi)(zhi)育(yu)時(shi)(shi)卵(luan)(luan)巢管停止于原卵(luan)(luan)區(qu)階段(duan)，濾泡不(bu)(bu)進行發(fa)育(yu)。這時(shi)(shi)咽(yan)側體(ti)(ti)及其細胞體(ti)(ti)積均小，無(wu)合(he)成(cheng)保幼激(ji)素的(de)活性。體(ti)(ti)內積累(lei)較多的(de)營養物質，脂肪體(ti)(ti)雖很發(fa)達，但不(bu)(bu)合(he)成(cheng)卵(luan)(luan)黃原蛋白(bai)。

人工繁殖

卵的收集

早春田(tian)間采(cai)集的越冬代七星瓢蟲(chong)，因(yin)(yin)其(qi)發育階段不同，一般(ban)采(cai)回飼養(yang)1-7天后即開始(shi)產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)。瓢蟲(chong)產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)沒(mei)有固定的時間，產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)的地點也沒(mei)有嚴格的選擇(ze)性(xing)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)盒(he)壁(bi)(bi)及植(zhi)物(wu)上都(dou)可產(chan)卵(luan)(luan)，為了集卵(luan)(luan)的方便，可以裁一長22厘米、寬5厘米的薄紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，卷(juan)成紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筒，襯在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盒(he)內(nei)(nei)或玻璃(li)器內(nei)(nei)，使其(qi)盡量緊貼在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盒(he)內(nei)(nei)壁(bi)(bi)，這(zhe)樣卵(luan)(luan)多(duo)產(chan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)襯紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上。采(cai)卵(luan)(luan)時，可將襯紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取(qu)出，將有卵(luan)(luan)粒(li)部位的紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)剪(jian)下(xia)，放(fang)(fang)另外(wai)的空紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盒(he)中，然(ran)后再(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)片補好襯紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，仍放(fang)(fang)盒(he)內(nei)(nei)再(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。取(qu)卵(luan)(luan)時應仔(zi)細(xi)檢查盒(he)內(nei)(nei)植(zhi)物(wu)上有無卵(luan)(luan)粒(li)，特別在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)氣候干燥時，植(zhi)物(wu)常(chang)常(chang)干縮，卵(luan)(luan)粒(li)常(chang)隱藏(zang)其(qi)中，如發現卵(luan)(luan)粒(li)，應將帶有卵(luan)(luan)粒(li)的部位剪(jian)下(xia)。如果用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)瓶養(yang)，瓢蟲(chong)卵(luan)(luan)產(chan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)瓶壁(bi)(bi)上，取(qu)卵(luan)(luan)時可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)毛(mao)筆沾少許(xu)清水，將卵(luan)(luan)濕(shi)潤，經數秒鐘后，再(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)毛(mao)筆尖輕輕將卵(luan)(luan)撥下(xia)，放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)涂有少許(xu)稀漿糊的紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，只要卵(luan)(luan)粒(li)保持完整，仍然(ran)正常(chang)孵化。但這(zhe)樣取(qu)卵(luan)(luan)，很難保證(zheng)全部卵(luan)(luan)粒(li)完整無損，且(qie)操作費時，因(yin)(yin)此在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)大規模(mo)飼養(yang)瓢蟲(chong)寸，仍以紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盒(he)為宜(yi)。

瓢蟲成蟲有(you)取(qu)食(shi)卵(luan)(luan)粒(li)(li)的習性(xing)，產卵(luan)(luan)后，應及時(shi)將卵(luan)(luan)粒(li)(li)取(qu)走。每日(ri)取(qu)卵(luan)(luan)的時(shi)間，可結合兩次喂食(shi)同時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)，邊換飼料、邊取(qu)卵(luan)(luan)。產卵(luan)(luan)高峰期，最好(hao)能每日(ri)取(qu)卵(luan)(luan)三次。

卵的保存

七星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)的卵(luan)是一(yi)粒(li)粒(li)豎立成(cheng)排，形成(cheng)整齊的卵(luan)塊，由飼(si)養(yang)盒中取出以(yi)后堆放在(zai)一(yi)起，很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)彼此摩擦(ca)，影(ying)響孵(fu)(fu)化率(lv)。七星瓢蟲(chong)(chong)的卵(luan)在(zai)20℃時(shi)(shi)，只需(xu)(xu)5-6天即可孵(fu)(fu)化。25℃時(shi)(shi)只需(xu)(xu)3天即可孵(fu)(fu)化。如果(guo)長時(shi)(shi)間堆放在(zai)一(yi)起，不僅降(jiang)低孵(fu)(fu)化率(lv)，而且(qie)幼蟲(chong)(chong)孵(fu)(fu)化以(yi)后，也不便于收集飼(si)養(yang)。因此，每次取出卵(luan)粒(li)以(yi)后，應(ying)及時(shi)(shi)進行處理。可通過制取卵(luan)卡解(jie)決以(yi)上問(wen)題。

七星(xing)瓢蟲的(de)產(chan)卵期(qi)可長達20-30天(tian)(tian)(tian)，產(chan)卵的(de)高(gao)峰(feng)期(qi)亦(yi)有7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)，因此，收集(ji)的(de)卵塊必(bi)須立即(ji)進(jin)行(xing)低(di)(di)溫(wen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)，以(yi)防(fang)止逐(zhu)日孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)不便集(ji)中(zhong)使(shi)用。加之自(zi)然氣(qi)候的(de)變化(hua)(hua)或人工飼養(yang)瓢蟲的(de)條件改變，都會造成(cheng)瓢蟲的(de)產(chan)卵高(gao)峰(feng)期(qi)、卵的(de)孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)期(qi)與田間蚜蟲發生的(de)時(shi)間不相配(pei)合，也常需要對(dui)卵做低(di)(di)溫(wen)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)的(de)時(shi)間長短，溫(wen)度(du)高(gao)低(di)(di)都有一定的(de)限度(du)。在(zai)(zai)0℃時(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)3天(tian)(tian)(tian)，其孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)仍能(neng)達到70%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。超過3天(tian)(tian)(tian)，孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)大為降(jiang)低(di)(di)。如在(zai)(zai)4℃時(shi)，可保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)7天(tian)(tian)(tian)，孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)在(zai)(zai)70%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。在(zai)(zai)11-13℃之間，卵可保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)20天(tian)(tian)(tian)，其孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)仍然達到80%左右。實驗表明，七星(xing)瓢蟲發育(yu)起(qi)(qi)點溫(wen)度(du)為10℃左右，低(di)(di)于這個溫(wen)度(du)，瓢蟲卵雖可短時(shi)間保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)，但其成(cheng)活率(lv)不高(gao)。如保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)發育(yu)起(qi)(qi)點溫(wen)度(du)之上(shang)(shang)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)數(shu)較長，孵(fu)(fu)(fu)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)亦(yi)高(gao)。因此，卵的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)存(cun)(cun)溫(wen)度(du)以(yi)10-12℃為宜(yi)。

卵的孵化

卵(luan)的(de)孵(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)要求有(you)一定的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)條件(jian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)發育起點溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)以(yi)上，卵(luan)雖然可以(yi)孵(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，但其(qi)最適宜的(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)是(shi)20-25℃，相對濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)70-80%。因此在(zai)(zai)(zai)卵(luan)需(xu)要孵(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)，應由貯存處取回(hui)，放(fang)于室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)中進行。一般在(zai)(zai)(zai)棉蚜開始遷(qian)飛棉田時(shi)，日平均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)15℃左(zuo)右，均(jun)能(neng)滿足卵(luan)的(de)孵(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)條件(jian)，孵(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)關鍵條件(jian)就在(zai)(zai)(zai)于濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)。如(ru)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)80%以(yi)上，小(xiao)幼(you)蟲(chong)很容(rong)(rong)易由卵(luan)殼內(nei)(nei)孵(fu)出，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)干燥低(di)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)條件(jian)下，小(xiao)幼(you)蟲(chong)常在(zai)(zai)(zai)卵(luan)口處掙扎，不易脫(tuo)出。嚴重時(shi)，甚至不孵(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。因此大量的(de)卵(luan)需(xu)要孵(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)，應創造高濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)條件(jian)。孵(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)可在(zai)(zai)(zai)孵(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)室內(nei)(nei)地面潑水，掛(gua)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布等，增加室內(nei)(nei)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)；亦可同時(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)盛放(fang)卵(luan)卡的(de)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)內(nei)(nei)放(fang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)棉球，容(rong)(rong)器(qi)頂部再(zai)蓋以(yi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)布，增加卵(luan)卡周圍水分(fen)的(de)蒸發條件(jian)，經過這樣(yang)處理以(yi)后(hou)，卵(luan)的(de)孵(fu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)較快，孵(fu)出后(hou)小(xiao)幼(you)蟲(chong)生(sheng)命力較強。

卵孵(fu)化時，應加強檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)與管(guan)理(li)，每(mei)日至少(shao)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)4次(ci)，發(fa)現幼蟲孵(fu)出后，應及時取出。在(zai)卵的(de)孵(fu)化高峰時，應3-4小(xiao)時檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)一次(ci)，并(bing)且要求(qiu)日夜(ye)有人(ren)看管(guan)。