《棄(qi)官尋(xun)母(mu)》講述了宋(song)代(dai)的(de)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)子朱壽昌(字康叔(shu),宋(song)天長同仁鄉秦欄人)的(de)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)行,此為(wei)《二十四孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)》中的(de)第二十三則故事。他是流傳甚廣的(de)古(gu)代(dai)“二十四孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)”中的(de)一位。
朱壽(shou)昌,字康叔,宋天長同仁鄉秦欄人(ren),《宋史(shi)》載有他(ta)棄官千里尋母之(zhi)事(shi)。他(ta)是(shi)流(liu)傳甚廣的古代“二(er)十四孝”中(zhong)的一(yi)位。
宋(song)代朱壽昌(chang),年(nian)七(qi)歲,生母(mu)劉氏為嫡母(mu)所妒,出嫁(jia)。母(mu)子不相見者五十(shi)(shi)年(nian)。宋(song)神宗朝,棄官入(ru)秦,與家人(ren)訣(jue),誓:不見母(mu),不復(fu)還(huan)。后行次同州,得(de)之,時母(mu)已(yi)年(nian)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)余矣。
適:出嫁
朝:在位期間
嫡(di)母(mu):古時候,妾的子女對(dui)正妻(qi)的稱呼。
妒:嫉妒。
者:助詞,無實義。
秦:指秦地(di),今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)省西(xi)安市長安區。
訣:告(gao)別,辭別。
次:停留。
同州:古(gu)地名,在(zai)今陜(shan)西(xi)省渭南市(shi)大荔縣。
再:第二次。
宋朝時(shi)有一個名叫朱壽昌的人(ren),也是(shi)個很有名的孝子(zi)。他(ta)的生母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)劉氏(shi),嫡妻妒忌她(ta)有了(le)小孩,將她(ta)趕出了(le)朱家(jia)(jia)。自此母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子(zi)骨肉分離,五十年(nian)未(wei)能相見。五十年(nian)來(lai),無時(shi)無刻不在(zai)思(si)念母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)親(qin)(qin),每到(dao)(dao)一地(di)為官(guan),他(ta)都(dou)在(zai)四處查找老人(ren)家(jia)(jia)的蹤跡。可是(shi)人(ren)海(hai)茫茫,找人(ren)談(tan)何容易。宋神宗當朝的時(shi)候(hou),他(ta)再也沒有心(xin)思(si)做官(guan)了(le),決(jue)(jue)定(ding)辭掉(diao)官(guan)職去尋找母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)親(qin)(qin)。臨行時(shi),他(ta)告知家(jia)(jia)人(ren)自己(ji)的決(jue)(jue)定(ding),發誓說(shuo):“找不到(dao)(dao)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)親(qin)(qin),我今生今世(shi)絕不回家(jia)(jia)!”這一次,他(ta)將尋母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的重(zhong)點放(fang)在(zai)秦地(di)(今陜(shan)西(xi))。后(hou)來(lai),歷(li)盡千辛萬(wan)苦(ku)的他(ta),終于在(zai)同州(zhou)(今陜(shan)西(xi)大荔縣)尋找到(dao)(dao)了(le)自己(ji)的母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)親(qin)(qin)。當時(shi)劉氏(shi)已(yi)經七十多歲了(le)。
朱(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)父親(qin)朱(zhu)(zhu)巽是(shi)宋仁宗年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工部侍郎,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)庶出,其母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)劉(liu)氏是(shi)朱(zhu)(zhu)巽之(zhi)妾。朱(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)幼(you)時(shi),劉(liu)氏被朱(zhu)(zhu)巽遺(yi)棄(qi),從(cong)此(ci),母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子分離。朱(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)長(chang)成之(zhi)后(hou),蔭襲父親(qin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功名(ming),出而(er)為官(guan),幾(ji)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)仕途頗為順利,先后(hou)做過陜州荊、南通荊,岳州知州,閬州知州等,然(ran)而(er)他一(yi)(yi)(yi)直未得與(yu)生母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)團(tuan)聚,思念(nian)(nian)之(zhi)心縈縈于(yu)懷,以至于(yu)“飲食罕御(yu)酒肉,言輒流(liu)(liu)涕”,母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子分離后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian),他四(si)方打聽生母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)下落,均杳(yao)無音(yin)訊,為此(ci)他燒香拜佛,并依照(zhao)佛法,灼背燒頂,以示虔誠。宋熙寧初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),聽人(ren)傳(chuan)說他母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)親(qin)流(liu)(liu)落陜西一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶,嫁為民妻,他又刺血(xue)書寫《金剛經》,并辭去官(guan)職,與(yu)家人(ren)遠別(bie),千(qian)里迢(tiao)迢(tiao),往陜西一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶尋(xun)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),并與(yu)家人(ren)道(dao):“不見母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),吾不返矣”,精誠所至,朱(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)終于(yu)在(zai)同州找到(dao)了自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生身母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)親(qin),當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)子分離時(shi),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)尚年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)幼(you),五(wu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)重逢,老母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)已七十(shi)(shi)有(you)余,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)也(ye)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)過半百了。原(yuan)來,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)劉(liu)氏離開朱(zhu)(zhu)家以后(hou),改嫁黨氏,又有(you)子女(nv)數人(ren),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)視之(zhi)如親(qin)弟妹,全部接(jie)回(hui)家中(zhong)(zhong)供養,有(you)人(ren)將朱(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棄(qi)官(guan)尋(xun)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)事(shi)上奏宋神宗趙(zhao)頊:“嗟(jie)君(jun)七歲知念(nian)(nian)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),憐君(jun)壯(zhuang)大心愈若,不受白日升青天(tian),愛君(jun)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)長(chang)新服(fu),兒(er)啼(ti)卻得償當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)……感君(jun)離合我(wo)酸辛,此(ci)事(shi)今(jin)無古或聞……”。王安(an)石詩云:彩衣(yi)東笑上歸(gui)船,萊氏歡娛在(zai)晚(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),嗟(jie)我(wo)白頭(tou)生意(yi)盡(jin),看君(jun)今(jin)日盡(jin)凄然(ran)。從(cong)此(ci),朱(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棄(qi)官(guan)千(qian)里尋(xun)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)事(shi)遍傳(chuan)天(tian)下,孝子之(zhi)名(ming)得于(yu)遐邇。朱(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)官(guan)至司農少卿、朝(chao)議(yi)大夫(fu),中(zhong)(zhong)散大夫(fu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)七十(shi)(shi)而(er)卒。朱(zhu)(zhu)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)棄(qi)官(guan)尋(xun)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi),歷(li)代(dai)廣為流(liu)(liu)傳(chuan)。天(tian)長(chang)秦欄舊有(you)朱(zhu)(zhu)孝子墓,明弘治年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian),曾(ceng)立碑于(yu)墓側,嘉靖年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian),建孝子祠(ci)。
朱壽昌棄官(guan)(guan)尋母之事,遠近傳(chuan)揚,京兆守官(guan)(guan)錢明逸將此事奏(zou)明朝廷,皇(huang)帝宋神宗夸獎其孝行,恢(hui)復其官(guan)(guan)職,王安石、蘇頌、蘇東(dong)坡等爭先(xian)寫詩(shi)撰文贊美(mei)其品。