石景山區(qu)蘊(yun)藏著眾多人文名勝。釋(shi)迦牟尼炅牙舍利珍藏于靈(ling)光寺,國(guo)家重點保(bao)護(hu)文物明代(dai)(dai)壁畫精品的法海寺,八寶山革命(ming)公墓(mu)(mu)、明代(dai)(dai)宦官田義墓(mu)(mu)和寶勝仙(xian)橋(qiao)、萬善橋(qiao)、慈善寺、雙泉寺、承(cheng)恩寺等均位于石景山區(qu)。
天(tian)(tian)泰山(shan)位于(yu)石景山(shan)區(qu)西(xi)(xi)北部,香山(shan)公園西(xi)(xi)南。北至海淀區(qu)掛甲塔,南至雙泉寺(si)(si)(si),西(xi)(xi)至五府(fu)莊、潭峪,東至南北馬場。主峰海拔430.8米(mi)。因主峰西(xi)(xi)有平(ping)臺一(yi)處,曰天(tian)(tian)臺,山(shan)因名(ming)天(tian)(tian)臺山(shan),亦作天(tian)(tian)太山(shan)、天(tian)(tian)泰山(shan)。天(tian)(tian)臺處有明清(qing)古剎(cha)慈(ci)(ci)善(shan)寺(si)(si)(si),亦稱(cheng)天(tian)(tian)臺寺(si)(si)(si)。舊時(shi)每年(nian)(nian)三月十八日開廟。寺(si)(si)(si)內中路(lu)大悲殿正中原供金(jin)漆木雕觀(guan)音像,兩(liang)旁(pang)有碧霞(xia)元君等(deng)8尊塑像,這(zhe)種佛、道共進一(yi)堂的現象,在京郊較為罕(han)見。后殿供肉身(shen)坐化和尚(shang),俗稱(cheng)魔王菩(pu)薩和尚(shang),相傳即清(qing)世祖順治帝。民國六年(nian)(nian)(1917年(nian)(nian))、民國十三年(nian)(nian)(1924年(nian)(nian))馮(feng)玉祥兩(liang)次住在天(tian)(tian)泰山(shan)慈(ci)(ci)善(shan)寺(si)(si)(si),留(liu)下“勤儉為寶(bao)”、“真吃苦”、“耕讀”、“淡泊”等(deng)重(zhong)要石刻。慈(ci)(ci)善(shan)寺(si)(si)(si)為區(qu)級保護文物(wu)。
翠微山(shan)(shan)位于石景(jing)山(shan)(shan)區與海淀區交界處。東南距市中心約20千米。海拔(ba)387米,為香峪大梁東南坡的山(shan)(shan)峰之一,北(bei)與香山(shan)(shan)遙相對應。山(shan)(shan)勢和(he)緩,原名平(ping)坡山(shan)(shan),因唐建(jian)平(ping)坡寺(si)(si)得(de)名;明洪熙初年(1425年)改叫翠微山(shan)(shan)。南麓(lu)多古寺(si)(si),長安寺(si)(si)、靈光寺(si)(si)、三山(shan)(shan)底、大悲(bei)寺(si)(si)、龍王(wang)堂、香界寺(si)(si)、寶珠(zhu)洞(dong)、證果寺(si)(si)等依山(shan)(shan)而建(jian),合稱八大處,為京郊(jiao)著名游覽區。西南山(shan)(shan)麓(lu)還有明建(jian)法海寺(si)(si)。
石景(jing)山(shan)位(wei)于石景(jing)山(shan)區西部(bu)。為西山(shan)山(shan)前的侵蝕殘丘,地勢和緩,海(hai)拔(ba)184米。歷史上(shang)為永定(ding)河(he)河(he)防要地。自元代以來,在此修堤防水(shui)(shui)。1949年以來,先(xian)后在永定(ding)河(he)上(shang)游修建(jian)了(le)官廳(ting)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)及引水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)。東南(nan)山(shan)麓(lu)一帶,建(jian)有石景(jing)山(shan)發電總廠(chang)和首都鋼鐵公司(si)。
蓮花(hua)河(he)發(fa)源(yuan)于石景(jing)山(shan)區石槽,流經蓮花(hua)池(chi)。蓮花(hua)池(chi)以(yi)上稱新(xin)(xin)開渠。原(yuan)在鴨子(zi)橋入南護城河(he),1951年治理后改(gai)在萬泉寺(si)東(dong)入涼水(shui)河(he)。全長4.2千米,底寬16—20米。主要支流有(you)新(xin)(xin)開渠、水(shui)衙溝。水(shui)源(yuan)原(yuan)主要出自蓮花(hua)池(chi)泉水(shui),后被新(xin)(xin)開渠石景(jing)山(shan)工(gong)業廢水(shui)所代(dai)替。古(gu)稱洗(xi)馬溝。
法(fa)海(hai)寺(si)屬全國(guo)重點文物保護單位,坐落在京西翠微山南麓、駝(tuo)鈴古道首(shou)驛模(mo)式口村。寺(si)廟始建于(yu)明正(zheng)統四年(nian)(1439年(nian)),四年(nian)后(hou)建成(1443年(nian)),明英宗(zong)朱祁(qi)鎮(zhen)欽賜額曰“法(fa)海(hai)禪寺(si)”。法(fa)海(hai)寺(si)的(de)鎮(zhen)寺(si)之寶是大雄寶殿內保存完整的(de)十鋪明代壁畫,面(mian)積236.7平方米(mi),由15位宮廷畫師精心繪制(zhi)而(er)成,堪稱中國(guo)明代壁畫之最,是元明清以(yi)來現存少(shao)有的(de)宮廷畫師作品,與敦(dun)煌(huang)、永(yong)樂宮壁畫相比各有千(qian)秋。
石景(jing)山(shan)區(qu)是(shi)北京市(shi)轄區(qu)之(zhi)一,位(wei)于北京市(shi)西(xi)部,東(dong)抵(di)玉泉路,與海(hai)淀(dian)區(qu)相(xiang)連;南至張儀(yi)村,與豐(feng)臺區(qu)接壤;西(xi)瀕永定河,與門頭(tou)溝區(qu)相(xiang)鄰;北倚克(ke)勤峪(曾稱(cheng)薦福山(shan)),與海(hai)淀(dian)區(qu)搭(da)界。介于北緯39°53′—39°59′,東(dong)經116°07′—116°14′之(zhi)間,東(dong)西(xi)寬約12.25千米(mi)(mi),南北長約13千米(mi)(mi),總面(mian)積85.74千米(mi)(mi)。距(ju)天安門廣場16千米(mi)(mi)。
石景山(shan)(shan)區位于北(bei)京市城區西部(bu)(bu),地形西北(bei)高(gao)東南(nan)低(di)。北(bei)部(bu)(bu)為連綿起伏的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)地,屬太行山(shan)(shan)北(bei)端余(yu)脈向(xiang)平原的(de)(de)(de)延伸(shen)部(bu)(bu)分(fen),有克(ke)勤峪(曾稱薦福山(shan)(shan))、天泰山(shan)(shan)、翠微山(shan)(shan)、青(qing)龍山(shan)(shan)、虎頭山(shan)(shan)等山(shan)(shan)峰40余(yu)座。山(shan)(shan)區約占全區總面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)三分(fen)之一(yi)。中部(bu)(bu)和南(nan)部(bu)(bu)為永定河沖積(ji)形成的(de)(de)(de)微傾斜(xie)平原,有海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)200米以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)石景山(shan)(shan)、金頂山(shan)(shan)、老(lao)山(shan)(shan)、八寶山(shan)(shan)等殘丘(qiu)橫亙其間(jian)。最高(gao)處為北(bei)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)克(ke)勤峪,海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)797.6米,最低(di)處為東部(bu)(bu)石槽東南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)田(tian),海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)僅為58.1米。
石(shi)景山區(qu)屬(shu)暖溫(wen)帶半(ban)濕潤半(ban)干旱大陸性季風氣候,四季分(fen)明。年平均降(jiang)水量(liang)573.11毫米,是華北地(di)區(qu)降(jiang)水量(liang)較多的地(di)區(qu)之一。
前11世紀中(zhong)葉,周(zhou)武王滅商,建立西(xi)周(zhou)王朝,封(feng)帝(di)堯之后(hou)于(yu)(yu)薊,都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)薊在今北京市(shi)城(cheng)區(qu)西(xi)南部;封(feng)召公爽(shuang)于(yu)(yu)燕,都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)在今房山區(qu)董家林一帶。石景(jing)山地(di)區(qu)屬薊國地(di)。后(hou)薊國衰落,約西(xi)周(zhou)末年被燕國兼并(bing),燕遷都(dou)(dou)薊城(cheng)。石景(jing)山地(di)區(qu)屬燕國都(dou)(dou)邑地(di)。
春秋戰(zhan)國,燕王喜二十九年(前226年),秦兵攻(gong)占燕都薊城。
秦(qin)代,秦(qin)始(shi)皇二十六年(nian)(前221年(nian)),秦(qin)廢止(zhi)分封(feng)制(zhi)實行郡(jun)縣制(zhi),石景(jing)山地區(qu)屬廣陽郡(jun)薊(ji)城(cheng)薊(ji)縣地。
西漢,漢高祖元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)206年(nian)(nian)(nian)),西漢實行郡(jun)(jun)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)并(bing)立制度(du)。石(shi)景山地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)薊城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)。元(yuan)朔三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)126年(nian)(nian)(nian)),漢武帝廢燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)置“燕(yan)(yan)郡(jun)(jun)”。地(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)燕(yan)(yan)郡(jun)(jun)薊城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)。元(yuan)狩六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)117年(nian)(nian)(nian)),封劉旦(dan)為(wei)(wei)燕(yan)(yan)王(wang),燕(yan)(yan)郡(jun)(jun)復稱燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。元(yuan)封五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)106年(nian)(nian)(nian)),西漢始設十三州部。石(shi)景山地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)幽州燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)薊城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)。元(yuan)鳳元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)80年(nian)(nian)(nian)),燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)劉旦(dan)謀反失(shi)敗自殺,改(gai)燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)為(wei)(wei)“廣(guang)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)”。石(shi)景山地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)廣(guang)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)薊城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)。本(ben)始元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(前(qian)73年(nian)(nian)(nian)),改(gai)廣(guang)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)“廣(guang)陽(yang)(yang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”。地(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)廣(guang)陽(yang)(yang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)薊城(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)。王(wang)莽新(xin)朝元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(9年(nian)(nian)(nian)),廢廣(guang)陽(yang)(yang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)設廣(guang)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(曾改(gai)名廣(guang)有(you))。石(shi)景山地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)幽州廣(guang)有(you)郡(jun)(jun)伐戎縣(xian)地(di)(di)(di)。
東漢,形成州(zhou)一(yi)郡(國(guo)(guo))一(yi)縣(xian)三級政(zheng)區,建(jian)(jian)武二年(nian)(nian)(26年(nian)(nian)),復置(zhi)廣(guang)陽(yang)國(guo)(guo)。地(di)(di)屬廣(guang)陽(yang)國(guo)(guo)薊(ji)縣(xian)地(di)(di)。建(jian)(jian)武十三年(nian)(nian)(37年(nian)(nian)),廢廣(guang)陽(yang)國(guo)(guo)并人(ren)上谷(gu)郡。地(di)(di)屬上谷(gu)郡薊(ji)縣(xian)地(di)(di)。永平八年(nian)(nian)(65年(nian)(nian)),恢復廣(guang)陽(yang)郡。建(jian)(jian)安十八年(nian)(nian)(213年(nian)(nian)),幽州(zhou)并人(ren)冀州(zhou)。地(di)(di)屬冀州(zhou)廣(guang)陽(yang)郡薊(ji)縣(xian)地(di)(di);不久,幽州(zhou)復置(zhi)。石景(jing)山地(di)(di)區屬幽州(zhou)廣(guang)陽(yang)郡薊(ji)縣(xian)地(di)(di)。
魏(wei)晉(jin)南北朝時期(qi),基本實行(xing)州一郡一縣三級制(zhi)度,前(qian)后雖有幽州燕(yan)(yan)郡、燕(yan)(yan)國(guo)等稱謂變化,石景(jing)山(shan)地區始終為薊縣轄地。
隋開皇元年(581年),隋取(qu)代北周,開皇三年(583年),實行(xing)州(zhou)一縣二級制度,石景山(shan)地區(qu)屬幽(you)州(zhou)薊縣地。大業三年(607年),廢幽(you)州(zhou)置“涿(zhuo)郡”。地屬涿(zhuo)郡薊縣地。
唐初,武德元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(618年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),廢涿郡,復(fu)置幽(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)。貞(zhen)觀元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(627年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),分全國(guo)為(wei)十道(dao)(dao)。石(shi)(shi)景山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)河(he)(he)北道(dao)(dao)幽(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。開元二十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(733年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),增劃(hua)全國(guo)為(wei)十五道(dao)(dao),開始形成道(dao)(dao)一州(zhou)一縣(xian)(xian)(xian)三級政區(qu)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)(shu)河(he)(he)北道(dao)(dao)幽(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(742年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),幽(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)改(gai)稱“范(fan)(fan)(fan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡”,析薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)置廣平、廣寧二縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)(shu)河(he)(he)北道(dao)(dao)范(fan)(fan)(fan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡廣平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。天(tian)寶(bao)(bao)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(744年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),撤廣平、廣寧復(fu)并(bing)薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。至(zhi)德元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(756年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),于薊(ji)(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)西(xi)置廣平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。乾元元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(758年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),復(fu)改(gai)范(fan)(fan)(fan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)郡為(wei)幽(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)。石(shi)(shi)景山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)河(he)(he)北道(dao)(dao)幽(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)廣平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。大歷(li)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(768年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),改(gai)幽(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)為(wei)“范(fan)(fan)(fan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)府”,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)(shu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)府廣平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。建中二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(781年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),設幽(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)屬(shu)(shu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)府幽(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。唐末,廣平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)廢,后(hou)在幽(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou)(唐代稱薊(ji)(ji)城為(wei)幽(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)州(zhou))城西(xi)設玉河(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。石(shi)(shi)景山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)屬(shu)(shu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)府幽(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉河(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。
五代時(shi)期,后晉天福元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(936年(nian)(nian)),石敬(jing)瑭為報答契(qi)丹援立之(zhi)助,將幽(you)云(yun)十六(liu)州割(ge)讓給契(qi)丹。石景山(shan)地區屬幽(you)都縣、玉河縣地。
契(qi)丹天顯(xian)十一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))末,契(qi)丹進占幽(you)云十六州。遼會(hui)同元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(938年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))十一(yi)(yi)月(yue),升幽(you)州為“南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)”,又稱燕(yan)京(jing)(jing);設南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)道(dao)(dao)(dao),同時(shi)改(gai)(gai)國號為“遼”。遼實行道(dao)(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)府(fu)一(yi)(yi)州一(yi)(yi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)四級(ji)政(zheng)區(qu),南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)下轄幽(you)都(dou)府(fu)。石景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地區(qu)屬南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)幽(you)都(dou)府(fu)幽(you)都(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉(yu)河(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地。開泰元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),幽(you)都(dou)府(fu)改(gai)(gai)稱“析(xi)(xi)津(jin)府(fu)”,幽(you)都(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)改(gai)(gai)稱“宛(wan)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”。地屬南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)析(xi)(xi)津(jin)府(fu)宛(wan)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉(yu)河(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地。金天輔六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1122年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))底(di)(di),金攻(gong)占南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)(jing)。翌(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),宋(song)宣和五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1123年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))三(san)(san)月(yue),北宋(song)接管,改(gai)(gai)燕(yan)京(jing)(jing)為“燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)府(fu)”,析(xi)(xi)津(jin)府(fu)改(gai)(gai)為“燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)府(fu)路(lu)”。石景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地區(qu)屬燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)府(fu)燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)府(fu)路(lu)宛(wan)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、玉(yu)河(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地。金天會(hui)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1125年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)底(di)(di),金國奪(duo)占宋(song)燕(yan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)府(fu),恢(hui)復燕(yan)京(jing)(jing)和析(xi)(xi)津(jin)府(fu),并(bing)置燕(yan)京(jing)(jing)路(lu)。天眷元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1138年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),廢玉(yu)河(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),轄地并(bing)人宛(wan)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。石景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地區(qu)屬燕(yan)京(jing)(jing)路(lu)析(xi)(xi)津(jin)府(fu)宛(wan)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地。天德三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))四月(yue),海陵王(wang)下詔遷(qian)都(dou)燕(yan)京(jing)(jing)。貞元(yuan)(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1153年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))三(san)(san)月(yue),改(gai)(gai)燕(yan)京(jing)(jing)為“中(zhong)都(dou)”,析(xi)(xi)津(jin)府(fu)改(gai)(gai)為“永安府(fu)”(翌(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)又改(gai)(gai)為“大興(xing)府(fu)”),燕(yan)京(jing)(jing)路(lu)改(gai)(gai)稱“中(zhong)都(dou)路(lu)”。石景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地區(qu)屬中(zhong)都(dou)路(lu)大興(xing)府(fu)宛(wan)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地。
成吉思汗(han)十年(nian)(1215年(nian)),蒙(meng)古軍攻(gong)占金(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou),將(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)改稱燕(yan)京(jing),中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)改稱燕(yan)京(jing)路(lu)(lu)。石景山(shan)地(di)區屬燕(yan)京(jing)路(lu)(lu)大(da)興府(fu)宛平(ping)縣地(di)。至元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)(1264年(nian))八月,改燕(yan)京(jing)為中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou),燕(yan)京(jing)路(lu)(lu)改稱中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)。地(di)屬中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)大(da)興府(fu)宛平(ping)縣地(di)。至元(yuan)八年(nian)(1271年(nian)),改國號為“元(yuan)”。翌年(nian)二月,改中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)為“大(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)”,中(zhong)(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)改稱“大(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)”。石景山(shan)地(di)區屬大(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)路(lu)(lu)大(da)興府(fu)宛平(ping)縣地(di)。
明洪武元(yuan)年(1368年)八月,明軍攻(gong)占(zhan)大都城,將(jiang)大都路(lu)改(gai)為(wei)(wei)“北平(ping)府(fu)”,十月,北平(ping)府(fu)隸(li)山(shan)東行省(sheng)(sheng)。翌(yi)年三(san)月,設北平(ping)行省(sheng)(sheng),北平(ping)府(fu)隸(li)北平(ping)行省(sheng)(sheng)。石景山(shan)地區屬北平(ping)行省(sheng)(sheng)北平(ping)府(fu)宛平(ping)縣地。永(yong)樂(le)元(yuan)年(1403年)正月,改(gai)北平(ping)為(wei)(wei)“北京(jing)”。二月,改(gai)北平(ping)府(fu)為(wei)(wei)“順天府(fu)”,地屬順天府(fu)宛平(ping)縣地。
清順治元年(1644年)五(wu)月,清軍(jun)攻占北(bei)(bei)京。石景(jing)山地區(qu)屬(shu)順天府(fu)宛平縣地。康熙二(er)十六年(1687年),在(zai)順天府(fu)轄(xia)域內(nei)設東、南、西、北(bei)(bei)四(si)路(lu)廳(ting)。石景(jing)山地區(qu)屬(shu)西路(lu)廳(ting)宛平縣地。
民(min)國(guo)元(yuan)年(1912年)1月1日(ri),中(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)臨時(shi)政府在南(nan)京成立,4月2日(ri),臨時(shi)參(can)議院決定以(yi)北京為臨時(shi)政府所在地(di)(di)。石景山地(di)(di)區屬(shu)順天府宛平(ping)(ping)縣(xian)地(di)(di)。中(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)三年(1914年)10月5日(ri),順天府改稱(cheng)“京兆地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)”,地(di)(di)屬(shu)京兆地(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)宛平(ping)(ping)縣(xian)。中(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)十(shi)四年(1925年)1月,京師警察廳在近(jin)郊設東、南(nan)、西、北郊四個警區,石景山地(di)(di)區歸西郊警署管理。
中華民國(guo)十(shi)(shi)六年(1927年)4月18日,南京(jing)國(guo)民政(zheng)(zheng)府成立(li)(li)。當時,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)洋(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)府仍(reng)設在北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing),統治(zhi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)方地(di)(di)區(qu)。中華民國(guo)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(1928年)6月6日,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)伐軍進占(zhan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)。6月21日,南京(jing)國(guo)民政(zheng)(zheng)府決定(ding):直隸省改名(ming)“河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省”,將原京(jing)兆地(di)(di)區(qu)各縣(xian)并入(ru)河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省;北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)改名(ming)為“北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)”,設北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)特(te)別市(shi)(shi)(shi)。10月30日,行政(zheng)(zheng)院確定(ding)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)特(te)別市(shi)(shi)(shi)區(qu)域,石景山地(di)(di)區(qu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部屬北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)特(te)別市(shi)(shi)(shi)西郊區(qu),南部屬河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省宛平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)地(di)(di)。12月19日,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府設立(li)(li)市(shi)(shi)(shi)轄區(qu),將全市(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)為15個區(qu)。中華民國(guo)二(er)十(shi)(shi)年(1931年)8月,十(shi)(shi)三區(qu)(西郊區(qu))正式成立(li)(li)。石景山地(di)(di)區(qu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)部屬北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)特(te)別市(shi)(shi)(shi)十(shi)(shi)三區(qu)、南部屬河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)省宛平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)地(di)(di)。
中華(hua)民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)二(er)(er)十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1937年(nian)(nian)(nian))7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)29日(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)本侵略軍占領北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)。12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)14日(ri)(ri)(ri),日(ri)(ri)(ri)軍扶植的偽“中華(hua)民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)臨(lin)時(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)”在(zai)北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)成立。翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)17日(ri)(ri)(ri)改(gai)(gai)北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)為北(bei)(bei)京(jing)。民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)二(er)(er)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1938年(nian)(nian)(nian))7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),偽河(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)公署(shu)劃(hua)全省(sheng)為4個(ge)“道(dao)(dao)(dao)”,宛(wan)平(ping)(ping)縣分屬“津海(hai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)”;民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)二(er)(er)十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1940年(nian)(nian)(nian))6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)改(gai)(gai)為8個(ge)道(dao)(dao)(dao),宛(wan)平(ping)(ping)縣分屬“燕(yan)京(jing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)”。民(min)(min)國(guo)(guo)二(er)(er)十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1940年(nian)(nian)(nian))3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)30日(ri)(ri)(ri),汪偽“國(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)”成立,臨(lin)時(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)改(gai)(gai)組為“華(hua)北(bei)(bei)政(zheng)務委員會”。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),偽“公署(shu)”廢除以(yi)數字命名的市轄區為內、外城郊(jiao)排序(xu),4個(ge)郊(jiao)區改(gai)(gai)稱東郊(jiao)、南(nan)郊(jiao)、西(xi)郊(jiao)、北(bei)(bei)郊(jiao)。石景山(shan)地區北(bei)(bei)部屬北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市西(xi)郊(jiao)區、南(nan)部屬河(he)北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)燕(yan)京(jing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)宛(wan)平(ping)(ping)縣地。
中華(hua)民(min)國三十四年(nian)(nian)(1945年(nian)(nian))8月15日,日本投降,各級(ji)偽政權垮(kua)臺,北(bei)(bei)京恢(hui)復北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)名稱(cheng)(cheng)。12月6日,北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政府恢(hui)復以數字命名市(shi)(shi)(shi)轄區(qu)(qu),共16個區(qu)(qu),西郊(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)定名為“十五(wu)區(qu)(qu)”。石(shi)(shi)景(jing)山地區(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)屬(shu)(shu)北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)市(shi)(shi)(shi)十五(wu)區(qu)(qu)、南(nan)部(bu)屬(shu)(shu)河(he)北(bei)(bei)省宛(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)縣。中華(hua)民(min)國三十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1946年(nian)(nian))5月,北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)市(shi)(shi)(shi)警(jing)(jing)察局將4個郊(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)分局調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)為8個,稱(cheng)(cheng)郊(jiao)(jiao)一至郊(jiao)(jiao)八分局。中華(hua)民(min)國三十六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(1947年(nian)(nian))3月,北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)市(shi)(shi)(shi)政府將十三至十六(liu)4個區(qu)(qu)調(diao)(diao)整(zheng)為8個區(qu)(qu),稱(cheng)(cheng)十三至二(er)十區(qu)(qu),石(shi)(shi)景(jing)山地區(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)屬(shu)(shu)十七區(qu)(qu);當時,郊(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)各區(qu)(qu)按警(jing)(jing)察分局的順序習稱(cheng)(cheng)為郊(jiao)(jiao)一至郊(jiao)(jiao)八區(qu)(qu)。故石(shi)(shi)景(jing)山地區(qu)(qu)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)屬(shu)(shu)北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)市(shi)(shi)(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)五(wu)區(qu)(qu)、南(nan)部(bu)屬(shu)(shu)河(he)北(bei)(bei)省宛(wan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)縣。
民國(guo)三(san)十七(qi)(qi)年(1948年)12月21日,中國(guo)人(ren)民解(jie)放軍北(bei)平市(shi)軍事管制委員會將石景山(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)劃為北(bei)平市(shi);二十七(qi)(qi)區(qu)(qu)(qu),為石景山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)獨立(li)建置之始。民國(guo)三(san)十八(ba)年(1949年)1月下旬(xun),北(bei)平市(shi)第二十七(qi)(qi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)人(ren)民政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)成立(li),區(qu)(qu)(qu)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)設在北(bei)辛安大街。5月,市(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)批準(zhun),田村、模式口、高井、五里坨、三(san)家(jia)店等地劃歸二十七(qi)(qi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)管轄,轄區(qu)(qu)(qu)面積由31.25平方千(qian)米增加到99平方千(qian)米。
民國三十八年(1949年)7月1日,北平(ping)市第二十七區改(gai)稱北平(ping)市第十九區,轄域不變。
1950年(nian),北(bei)京市(shi)人民政府決定自(zi)8月1日起,第十(shi)九區(qu)改(gai)稱第十(shi)五區(qu),轄域(yu)不(bu)變。
1951年4月7日(ri),根據北京市(shi)郊(jiao)區委員會決定,第(di)十三區(今(jin)海淀區)所轄(xia)(xia)東楊坨村地區劃歸第(di)十五區管轄(xia)(xia),轄(xia)(xia)區面(mian)積增(zeng)加到(dao)124平方千米(mi)。
1952年8月27日,北(bei)京市人民政府將第(di)十五(wu)區(qu)(qu)所轄三家店、東楊坨、五(wu)里坨、黑(hei)石頭等村劃(hua)歸京西(xi)礦區(qu)(qu)管轄,第(di)十五(wu)區(qu)(qu)改稱石景山區(qu)(qu)。區(qu)(qu)政府設在北(bei)辛安和平(ping)街3號。轄區(qu)(qu)面積61平(ping)方千(qian)米。
1954年5月,北辛安鎮(zhen)建置撤銷。
1956年3月17日,市政府(fu)將京西礦區所轄五(wu)里坨鄉(xiang)、黑石頭鄉(xiang)、高(gao)井鄉(xiang)和海淀區所轄八大處鄉(xiang)劃歸石景山區。
1958年(nian)5月3日,國務院(yuan)批(pi)復(fu)同意撤(che)銷石景(jing)山(shan)區,原轄區大部并(bing)入豐臺區,田村、西黃村鄉劃(hua)歸海(hai)淀區,五里坨鄉劃(hua)歸門頭溝(gou)區。
1963年7月(yue)8日,北京市人委報(bao)經國務院批(pi)準,成立(li)石景山,為市人委派出機構(gou)。
1967年8月7日(ri),北(bei)京市革(ge)命委員會(hui)決(jue)定(ding),石(shi)(shi)景山改(gai)名為石(shi)(shi)景山區(qu),石(shi)(shi)景山中蘇友好人民公社劃(hua)歸石(shi)(shi)景山區(qu)管(guan)轄。
1978年,區委(wei)、區革委(wei)會(hui)機關從北辛安和(he)平街3號(hao)遷址石景山路35號(hao)。
1980年12月24日(ri)—29日(ri),石(shi)景山區(qu)(qu)(qu)第(di)七屆(jie)人民代表大會(hui)第(di)一次(ci)會(hui)議決(jue)定撤(che)銷區(qu)(qu)(qu)革命委員(yuan)會(hui),恢復(fu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)人民政府。
石景山區是緊(jin)密(mi)型縣域醫共體(ti)建設試點縣。
2016年,重(zhong)新確認國(guo)家衛生(sheng)區(qu)。
2018年,被評為健康城市建設示范市。
2020年(nian)3月4日,被工(gong)業和信(xin)息化(hua)部評(ping)定為(wei)國(guo)家新型工(gong)業化(hua)產業示范(fan)基地(di)。
2020年(nian)7月29日,入選(xuan)2019年(nian)重(zhong)新確認國家(jia)衛生城(cheng)市(區)名單。
2020年10月20日,入選(xuan)全(quan)國雙擁模(mo)范城(縣)名單。
2020年(nian)11月,入(ru)選(xuan)第三批節水型社會(hui)建設(she)達標縣(區)名單(dan)。
2021年1月,入選中央(yang)文明辦2021—2023年創建周期全國文明城市(shi)提名城市(shi)名單(dan)。
2021年5月31日,入選第四批(pi)國家公共文化服務體系示范區(qu)公示名單(dan)。
2021年(nian)9月2日,入選全(quan)國首批(pi)30個城(cheng)市一刻(ke)鐘便民生(sheng)活圈試點地區。
2021年12月2日,平(ping)安中國(guo)建(jian)(jian)設協調小組(zu)辦公室公示(shi)為2017—2020年度平(ping)安中國(guo)建(jian)(jian)設示(shi)范市、縣擬授牌命名(ming)對(dui)象。
2021年(nian)12月31日,被全國愛衛辦表(biao)彰為“2020年(nian)度健(jian)康城市建設樣(yang)板市”。