芒果视频

流傳過程

出土

大盂鼎，清道光年間（公元1849年）出土(tu)于陜西郿縣(xian)禮村（今(jin)寶雞眉(mei)縣(xian)常(chang)興鎮楊家村一組，即(ji)李(li)家村），出土(tu)后便被販賣至文物市場。它是西周早期青銅禮器中的(de)(de)重器，因作器者(zhe)是康王時大臣名(ming)盂者(zhe)而得名(ming)，與之同(tong)出的(de)(de)小盂鼎已佚。

轉輾買賣

清朝道(dao)光時期的岐山首富宋金鑒(jian)(jian)把銅鼎(ding)買下(xia)，因為器形巨大(da)(da)，十分(fen)引人矚目(mu)，鼎(ding)很快被(bei)岐山縣令周庚(geng)盛占(zhan)有，他把鼎(ding)轉賣到北京的古(gu)董商人。宋金鑒(jian)(jian)在(zai)考中(zhong)翰林后(hou)出價3000兩(liang)(liang)白銀(yin)又購(gou)得(de)(de)了寶鼎(ding)，在(zai)他去世后(hou)，后(hou)代以(yi)700兩(liang)(liang)白銀(yin)賣給陜甘總督左宗棠的幕僚袁保(bao)恒，袁深知(zhi)左宗棠酷(ku)愛文玩，得(de)(de)寶鼎(ding)后(hou)不敢專美，旋(xuan)即將大(da)(da)盂鼎(ding)獻給上司以(yi)表(biao)孝心。左宗棠在(zai)發跡前(qian)曾為湖南巡撫駱秉章的幕僚，理湘省全部軍務(wu)。雖(sui)非顯貴(gui)，也頗得(de)(de)春風。加之自視極(ji)高，恃才傲物，不免(mian)為人所陰嫉(ji)。

潘家得寶

咸豐九年（公元(yuan)1859年），左宗(zong)棠被(bei)永州總兵樊燮讒言(yan)所(suo)(suo)傷(shang)，遭朝廷議罪。幸得(de)時(shi)(shi)任侍(shi)讀學士的潘(pan)祖(zu)蔭援(yuan)手，上奏咸豐皇帝力(li)保宗(zong)棠，且多方(fang)打點(dian)，上下疏(shu)通，左才(cai)(cai)獲(huo)脫免。潘(pan)乃當(dang)時(shi)(shi)著名的金(jin)石(shi)收藏大(da)(da)家(jia)，左宗(zong)棠得(de)大(da)(da)盂(yu)(yu)鼎(ding)(ding)后(hou)遂以相贈(zeng)，以謝當(dang)年搭救之(zhi)(zhi)恩(en)。此后(hou)，大(da)(da)盂(yu)(yu)鼎(ding)(ding)一(yi)直(zhi)為(wei)(wei)潘(pan)氏(shi)所(suo)(suo)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)藏。雖然(ran)也時(shi)(shi)而有(you)人覬覦此鼎(ding)(ding)，但(dan)畢竟潘(pan)氏(shi)位(wei)高權重(zhong)，足可保全大(da)(da)鼎(ding)(ding)無虞。至潘(pan)祖(zu)蔭故，其弟(di)潘(pan)祖(zu)年將大(da)(da)盂(yu)(yu)鼎(ding)(ding)連同其它(ta)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)玩一(yi)起，由水路(lu)從北京運回蘇(su)州老家(jia)。大(da)(da)鼎(ding)(ding)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)先人故物(wu)，睹物(wu)思(si)人，彌(mi)顯珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)貴，堪為(wei)(wei)傳家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)寶(bao)，不輕示人。光緒(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)，金(jin)石(shi)大(da)(da)家(jia)端方(fang)任兩江總督。曾一(yi)度挖(wa)空心思(si)，想據大(da)(da)盂(yu)(yu)鼎(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)己有(you)。均為(wei)(wei)祖(zu)年所(suo)(suo)拒。但(dan)端方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)欲始終為(wei)(wei)潘(pan)家(jia)所(suo)(suo)患。直(zhi)至辛亥年，革命暴發，端方(fang)被(bei)殺。潘(pan)家(jia)和大(da)(da)鼎(ding)(ding)才(cai)(cai)真(zhen)正逃(tao)過端方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)難。

民國(guo)初年，曾有美籍(ji)人士專程來華找潘氏商(shang)談求(qiu)讓(rang)大鼎(ding)，出價達數(shu)百(bai)兩黃金之(zhi)巨。但終為潘家(jia)所回(hui)絕。三十年代中(zhong)葉，國(guo)民黨當局在蘇州新建一(yi)幢大樓(lou)。黨國(guo)大員忽發奇想(xiang)，要在大樓(lou)落成后以紀(ji)念為名辦(ban)一(yi)展覽會，邀潘家(jia)以大鼎(ding)參展。以圖無限期占有大鼎(ding)。然此拙劣(lie)伎倆(lia)為潘氏識破，婉言拒絕了(le)參展。

復埋地下

1937年日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)侵華(hua)時(shi)，蘇州(zhou)很(hen)快淪陷。國將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)國，人(ren)(ren)(ren)命難(nan)(nan)保。此時(shi)，潘祖年已作(zuo)古(gu)。潘家(jia)無(wu)當戶之人(ren)(ren)(ren)，皆婦孺。英雄出(chu)少年，當此危難(nan)(nan)之時(shi)，潘祖蔭(yin)的(de)(de)侄(zhi)孫(sun)潘承(cheng)厚、潘景鄭等商定將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)大鼎及全部珍玩入土保全。經反(fan)復(fu)遴選，決定將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)寶(bao)物藏(zang)于二進(jin)院(yuan)落(luo)的(de)(de)堂屋。這是一(yi)間(jian)久無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)居的(de)(de)閑(xian)房，積塵很(hen)厚，不(bu)會引人(ren)(ren)(ren)注(zhu)目(mu)。主意(yi)已定，潘家(jia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)苦(ku)干兩天兩夜才將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)全部寶(bao)物入藏(zang)地下。又將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)室內恢復(fu)成原樣。整(zheng)個過(guo)(guo)程除潘家(jia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)外(wai)另(ling)有兩個傭工和一(yi)個看門人(ren)(ren)(ren)參與其中，均被反(fan)復(fu)叮囑(zhu)要嚴(yan)守秘密。此后(hou)不(bu)久，潘氏(shi)全家(jia)即往上海避(bi)亂(luan)。潘宅(zhai)一(yi)時(shi)竟成了(le)日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)搜查的(de)(de)重(zhong)點。經過(guo)(guo)反(fan)復(fu)的(de)(de)搜查并挖地三尺均無(wu)所(suo)見，日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)也(ye)只得作(zuo)罷。日(ri)(ri)軍(jun)占領期間(jian)，潘家(jia)的(de)(de)看門人(ren)(ren)(ren)曾(ceng)幾次(ci)盜掘了(le)若干小(xiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)珍藏(zang)，賣給洪姓古(gu)董商人(ren)(ren)(ren)。但大鼎過(guo)(guo)于沉(chen)重(zhong)，無(wu)法(fa)搬動，得以(yi)幸免(mian)。

贈寶于國

光陰荏苒，在(zai)(zai)歷經十余年戰亂之后，中(zhong)國解放(fang)了。潘(pan)(pan)家(jia)后人見(jian)人民政府(fu)極為(wei)重視(shi)對文(wen)物的(de)保護(hu)，認為(wei)只有這樣的(de)政府(fu)才可托付(fu)先人的(de)珍(zhen)藏(zang)。全家(jia)商議后，由(you)潘(pan)(pan)祖蔭的(de)孫媳潘(pan)(pan)達(da)(da)于(yu)執筆，于(yu)1951年7月6日(ri)(ri)寫(xie)信給華(hua)東文(wen)化(hua)部，希(xi)望將大(da)盂鼎和大(da)克鼎捐獻給國家(jia)。同時也希(xi)望將兩(liang)件大(da)鼎放(fang)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)海博物館(guan)展出。7月26日(ri)(ri)，文(wen)管(guan)會派專員(yuan)在(zai)(zai)潘(pan)(pan)家(jia)后人的(de)陪同下赴蘇州，大(da)鼎得以重見(jian)天日(ri)(ri)。為(wei)表(biao)彰潘(pan)(pan)達(da)(da)于(yu)的(de)獻寶壯舉(ju)，華(hua)東文(wen)化(hua)部于(yu)10月9日(ri)(ri)舉(ju)行了隆重的(de)頒獎儀式。

1952年(nian)上海博物(wu)館(guan)落成，大(da)(da)盂鼎(ding)(ding)藏(zang)入(ru)此(ci)館(guan)。1959年(nian)，北(bei)京中國歷(li)史博物(wu)館(guan)（現中國國家博物(wu)館(guan)）開(kai)館(guan)，上博以大(da)(da)盂鼎(ding)(ding)等(deng)125件館(guan)藏(zang)珍品支援。從此(ci)大(da)(da)盂鼎(ding)(ding)入(ru)藏(zang)中國國家博物(wu)館(guan)。

文物特征編輯 播報(bao)

器(qi)厚立耳，折(zhe)沿，斂口，腹部(bu)橫向(xiang)寬大(da)，壁(bi)斜(xie)外(wai)張、下垂，近(jin)足外(wai)底處曲率較小，下承三蹄足。器(qi)以云(yun)雷紋(wen)(wen)為地，頸部(bu)飾帶狀饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)，足上部(bu)飾浮雕(diao)式(shi)饕餮(tie)紋(wen)(wen)，下部(bu)飾兩周凸弦紋(wen)(wen),是西周早(zao)期大(da)型(xing)、中型(xing)鼎的典型(xing)式(shi)樣，雄(xiong)偉凝重。

器內壁(bi)鑄銘(ming)文19行291字，記述了周康(kang)王二十三年九月冊命(ming)貴族盂之事。

銘文

原文

隹(zhui)（同唯(wei)，發語詞(ci)(ci)）九(jiu)月，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)才(cai)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在(zai)）宗周(zhou)，令(ling)(ling)(ling)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)命(ming)(ming)，冊命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)命(ming)(ming)）盂(yu)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)若曰(yue)：“盂(yu)，不（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)丕pī，訓(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)）顯（訓(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)明）玟(min)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)受(shou)天有(you)(you)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)佑，保佑）大(da)(da)令(ling)(ling)(ling)（命(ming)(ming)），在(zai)（載，過去）珷王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)嗣玟(min)乍(zha)邦(bang)，【外(wai)門(men)內辟】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)辟，除去）氒（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)厥，代(dai)詞(ci)(ci)，指(zhi)代(dai)殷商(shang)）匿（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)慝，訓(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)惡），匍(pu)有(you)(you)四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)，【田(tian)允】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)畯，長久）正(zheng)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)政(zheng)）氒（厥，指(zhi)代(dai)四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)）民(min)，在(zai)【上(shang)雨(yu)(yu)下(xia)于(yu)(yu)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)于(yu)(yu)）【午卩】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)御，訓(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)）事，【虘又(you)cuó】（嘆詞(ci)(ci)），酉(you)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)酒(jiu)）無(wu)敢(gan)【左酉(you)右上(shang)舌右下(xia)火】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)酖，樂酒(jiu)之(zhi)意(yi)），有(you)(you)【左弓中(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)此(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)火右弓】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)祡，燒柴(chai)祭天之(zhi)祀）【上(shang)米中(zhong)(zhong)豆下(xia)廾(gong)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)蒸，天子冬祭）祀無(wu)敢(gan)【酉(you)夒】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)擾），古（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)故(gu)）天異（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)翼，訓(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)護）臨（訓(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)看）子，廢（訓(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)）保先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，？（字(zi)(zi)鑄壞，疑(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)匍(pu)）有(you)(you)四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)。我(wo)聞殷述（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)墜，訓(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)喪(sang)）令(ling)(ling)(ling)（命(ming)(ming)），隹(zhui)（唯(wei)）殷邊(bian)侯田(tian)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)甸(dian)）【上(shang)雨(yu)(yu)下(xia)于(yu)(yu)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與）殷正(zheng)百(bai)辟，率肄（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)肆）于(yu)(yu)酉(you)（酒(jiu)），古（故(gu)）喪(sang)師(shi)（人(ren)民(min)），巳（疑(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)嘆詞(ci)(ci)）。女(nv)(nv)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)汝(ru)）妹（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)昧）辰（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)晨）又(you)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)有(you)(you)）大(da)(da)服（封官之(zhi)意(yi)），余隹(zhui)（唯(wei)）即(ji)朕小學，女(nv)(nv)（汝(ru)）勿（沒有(you)(you)）克克余乃辟一(yi)人(ren)。今我(wo)隹(zhui)（唯(wei)）即(ji)（訓(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)就）井（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)型，效(xiao)法）【上(shang)宀(mian)下(xia)面】于(yu)(yu)玟(min)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)正(zheng)德，若玟(min)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)令(ling)(ling)(ling)（命(ming)(ming)）二(er)三正(zheng)。今余隹(zhui)（唯(wei)）令(ling)(ling)(ling)（命(ming)(ming)）女(nv)(nv)（汝(ru)）盂(yu)，【超(chao)復雜字(zi)(zi)①】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)召，輔佐）【上(shang)炏下(xia)乂】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)榮，周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室內地位(wei)很高的(de)一(yi)個(ge)人(ren)），【上(shang)卄下(xia)勹(bao)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)敬(jing)，認可(ke)、尊奉）【左隹(zhui)右上(shang)夂右下(xia)呂】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)擁，訓(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)護，維護）德（美德）巠(jing)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)經(jing)，準(zhun)則），敏朝夕入讕（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)諫(jian)），享奔(ben)走，畏(wei)天畏(wei)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)威）。”王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)：“【上(shang)二(er)下(xia)巛】（此(ci)字(zi)(zi)不識，疑(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)嘆詞(ci)(ci)）！令(ling)(ling)(ling)（命(ming)(ming)）女(nv)(nv)（汝(ru)）盂(yu)井（型）乃嗣且(qie)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)祖(zu)(zu)）南(nan)(nan)(nan)公(gong)(gong)。”王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)：“盂(yu)，廼【超(chao)復雜字(zi)(zi)①】（召）夾(jia)死（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)尸，訓(xun)(xun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主）【超(chao)復雜字(zi)(zi)②】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)司(si)，管理）戎，敏誎（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)勅，治理）罰(fa)訟，夙夕召我(wo)一(yi)人(ren)【上(shang)米下(xia)豆】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)烝）四(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)，【上(shang)雨(yu)(yu)下(xia)于(yu)(yu)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與）我(wo)其（將要）遹(yu)（巡(xun)狩(shou)）省(sheng)先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)受(shou)民(min)受(shou)疆土(tu)。易(yi)（賞賜）女(nv)(nv)（汝(ru)）鬯（chàng）一(yi)卣（yǒu），冂(jiong)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)裳(shang)），衣，舄（xì），車馬。易(yi)女(nv)(nv)（汝(ru)）且(qie)（祖(zu)(zu)）南(nan)(nan)(nan)公(gong)(gong)旂（一(yi)種旗子），用(yong)【辶單(dan)】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)戰）。易(yi)女(nv)(nv)（汝(ru)）邦(bang)【超(chao)復雜字(zi)(zi)②】（司(si)）四(si)白(bai)（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)伯）人(ren)鬲(li)，自馭至于(yu)(yu)庶人(ren)，六百(bai)又(you)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)又(you)九(jiu)夫，易(yi)夷【超(chao)復雜字(zi)(zi)②】（司(si)）王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)臣十(shi)(shi)又(you)三白(bai)（伯）人(ren)鬲(li)，千又(you)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)夫。【辶亟(ji)】【超(chao)復雜字(zi)(zi)③】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)畢）【超(chao)復雜字(zi)(zi)④】（通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)遷）自氒（厥）土(tu)。”王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)：“盂(yu)，若【上(shang)卄下(xia)勹(bao)】（敬(jing)）乃正(zheng)（長官），勿廢朕令(ling)(ling)(ling)（命(ming)(ming)）。”盂(yu)用(yong)對(dui)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)休(xiu)，用(yong)乍(zha)且(qie)（祖(zu)(zu)）南(nan)(nan)(nan)公(gong)(gong)寶鼎。隹(zhui)（唯(wei)）王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)廿又(you)三祀。

譯文

九月王(wang)在(zai)宗周冊命(ming)盂。王(wang)這樣說(shuo)(shuo)："偉大英明的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)王(wang)承受(shou)了(le)(le)上(shang)(shang)天佑(you)助(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重大使命(ming)。到(dao)了(le)(le)武(wu)王(wang)，繼(ji)(ji)承文(wen)王(wang)建立了(le)(le)周國(guo)。排除了(le)(le)那(nei)個(ge)奸惡，普(pu)遍(bian)地(di)保有了(le)(le)四方土地(di)，長久(jiu)地(di)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)著(zhu)百(bai)姓。辦事(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)舉行(xing)(xing)飲酒(jiu)(jiu)禮(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儀式(shi)上(shang)(shang)，沒(mei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)敢(gan)喝(he)醉(zui)，在(zai)舉行(xing)(xing)柴(chai)、烝一類的(de)(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)上(shang)(shang)也不敢(gan)醉(zui)酒(jiu)(jiu)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)天帝(di)以(yi)(yi)慈愛之心給(gei)(gei)以(yi)(yi)庇護，大力保佑(you)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)，廣有天下。我(wo)(wo)(wo)聽說(shuo)(shuo)殷(yin)朝(chao)喪失了(le)(le)上(shang)(shang)天所(suo)賜予(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大命(ming)，是因為殷(yin)朝(chao)從(cong)(cong)遠(yuan)方諸侯(hou)到(dao)朝(chao)廷內的(de)(de)(de)(de)大小官(guan)員(yuan)，都經常酗(xu)酒(jiu)(jiu)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)喪失了(le)(le)天下。你(ni)(ni)年幼時就繼(ji)(ji)承了(le)(le)先(xian)(xian)輩(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)顯要(yao)(yao)職位，我(wo)(wo)(wo)曾讓你(ni)(ni)就讀于我(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貴胄小學，你(ni)(ni)不能背(bei)離我(wo)(wo)(wo)，而要(yao)(yao)輔佐(zuo)我(wo)(wo)(wo)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)要(yao)(yao)效法(fa)文(wen)王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)令和(he)德(de)行(xing)(xing)，猶如文(wen)王(wang)一樣任(ren)(ren)命(ming)兩三個(ge)執政(zheng)大臣來任(ren)(ren)命(ming)你(ni)(ni)，你(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)恭敬地(di)協調綱紀(ji)，勤(qin)勉地(di)早晚(wan)入諫(jian)，進行(xing)(xing)祭(ji)祀(si)(si)，奔(ben)走(zou)于王(wang)事(shi)，敬畏上(shang)(shang)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)威嚴。"王(wang)說(shuo)(shuo)："命(ming)你(ni)(ni)盂，一定要(yao)(yao)效法(fa)你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)祖南公，"王(wang)說(shuo)(shuo)："盂，你(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)輔助(zhu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)主管軍隊，勤(qin)勉而及時地(di)處理(li)(li)賞罰獄訟(song)案件，從(cong)(cong)早到(dao)晚(wan)都應輔佐(zuo)我(wo)(wo)(wo)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)四方，協助(zhu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)遵(zun)行(xing)(xing)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)度治(zhi)(zhi)民治(zhi)(zhi)疆(jiang)土。賞賜給(gei)(gei)你(ni)(ni)一卣香(xiang)酒(jiu)(jiu)、頭巾、蔽(bi)膝、木底(di)鞋、車、馬；賜給(gei)(gei)你(ni)(ni)先(xian)(xian)祖南公的(de)(de)(de)(de)旗幟，用以(yi)(yi)巡狩(shou)，賜給(gei)(gei)你(ni)(ni)邦國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)官(guan)員(yuan)四名(ming)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)眾(zhong)(zhong)自馭手至庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)六百(bai)五十(shi)九人(ren)(ren)(ren)；"賜給(gei)(gei)你(ni)(ni)異族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)王(wang)臣十(shi)三名(ming)，夷眾(zhong)(zhong)一千(qian)零(ling)五十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，要(yao)(yao)盡量讓這些人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)他(ta)們所(suo)耕作的(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)上(shang)(shang)努力勞動(dong)。"王(wang)說(shuo)(shuo)："盂，你(ni)(ni)要(yao)(yao)恭謹地(di)對待你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)職事(shi)，不得(de)違抗我(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)命(ming)令。"盂頌揚(yang)王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)美德(de)，制(zhi)(zhi)作了(le)(le)紀(ji)念先(xian)(xian)祖南公的(de)(de)(de)(de)寶鼎，時在(zai)康王(wang)在(zai)位第二十(shi)三年。

要義

銘文(wen)中(zhong)，周(zhou)康(kang)王(wang)(wang)向(xiang)盂(yu)講述(shu)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)、武(wu)王(wang)(wang)的(de)立國經(jing)驗(yan)，告(gao)誡盂(yu)要(yao)效法(fa)其祖先，忠心輔佐(zuo)王(wang)(wang)室，并賞(shang)賜盂(yu)鬯、命服、車馬、邦司、人鬲、庶人等。銘文(wen)中(zhong)語(yu)句“丕顯文(wen)王(wang)(wang)受(shou)天有大命”體現了周(zhou)人的(de)天命觀，而另一(yi)語(yu)句“我(wo)聞殷(yin)墜(zhui)命，唯殷(yin)邊(bian)侯(hou)甸與殷(yin)正百辟，率肆于酒(jiu)，故喪(sang)師矣”，則是周(zhou)康(kang)王(wang)(wang)告(gao)誡盂(yu)，商內、外(wai)臣僚沉(chen)湎于酒(jiu)，以致于亡國，透露(lu)出周(zhou)人對于商人嗜酒(jiu)誤國這一(yi)前車之(zhi)鑒的(de)警示。

銘文中“有”、“厥”、“又”等(deng)字(zi)波磔分明，得于(yu)用筆過程中自覺的提、按意識。通篇文字(zi)布局規整，書風凝重。

銘文的(de)內容大致可分為(wei)三段：

第一部分用較多文(wen)字說明商人縱酒是周(zhou)興起和商滅亡的原因(yin)，贊揚了周(zhou)代文(wen)武二王的盛德。表示康(kang)王（武王的孫子）自(zi)己要(yao)以(yi)文(wen)王為典范，告誡盂也要(yao)以(yi)祖(zu)父南(nan)公作榜(bang)樣。

第二部分主要(yao)是康王命(ming)盂(yu)(yu)幫助他掌管(guan)軍(jun)事(shi)和(he)統(tong)治人民，并(bing)且賞賜給(gei)盂(yu)(yu)香酒、禮服、車馬、儀仗和(he)奴隸1726個(ge)，并(bing)叮囑(zhu)盂(yu)(yu)要(yao)恭敬辦政，莫違王命(ming)。

第(di)三(san)部分說明盂作此(ci)寶鼎以祭祀其祖父南公(gong) 。

文物意義

珍貴史料

銘文(wen)(wen)載(zai)康王(wang)(wang)向盂(yu)敘述周文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)、周武王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)立(li)國(guo)經驗。認為(wei)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)、武王(wang)(wang)得(de)以卓越的(de)(de)業績(ji)立(li)國(guo)，主要是(shi)由于其(qi)臣屬從(cong)不酗酒，每逢祭祀，認真、恭(gong)敬，而商王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)亡國(guo)教訓(xun)就在于沉迷(mi)于酒。由此告誡(jie)盂(yu)要效法祖(zu)(zu)先，忠心輔佐王(wang)(wang)室，并賜(si)盂(yu)命(ming)服、車馬、酒與邦司、人鬲等(deng)。盂(yu)在銘文(wen)(wen)中(zhong)說明作此鼎也是(shi)為(wei)了祭祀其(qi)祖(zu)(zu)父南(nan)公(gong)。大盂(yu)鼎銘文(wen)(wen)是(shi)史(shi)家研究周代分(fen)封制(zhi)和周王(wang)(wang)與臣屬關系的(de)(de)重要史(shi)料，一向為(wei)史(shi)學家所重視。

大盂(yu)鼎(ding)造型(xing)雄(xiong)渾(hun)，工藝精湛。其(qi)內壁鑄有銘文(wen)19行(xing)，為(wei)(wei)研究(jiu)西周奴隸制度的重要(yao)(yao)史料。大盂(yu)鼎(ding)內壁有銘文(wen)二百九十一(yi)字(zi)(zi)，其(qi)內容為(wei)(wei)：周王告(gao)誡(jie)盂(yu)（人(ren)名），殷(yin)代以(yi)酗(xu)酒而(er)亡，周代則(ze)忌酒而(er)興，命盂(yu)一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)盡力地輔佐他(ta)，敬承(cheng)文(wen)王，武王的德(de)政。其(qi)書法(fa)體勢嚴謹(jin)，字(zi)(zi)形，布局都十分質(zhi)樸平(ping)實，用筆方圓兼備，具(ju)有端(duan)嚴凝重的藝術(shu)效果。開(kai)《張遷碑(bei)》、《龍門造像》之先河。以(yi)書法(fa)成(cheng)就而(er)言，大盂(yu)鼎(ding)在(zai)成(cheng)康時代當據首位，是(shi)西周早期金文(wen)書法(fa)的代表作。

金文書法

大盂鼎銘文(wen)雖屬西(xi)周早期金(jin)文(wen)，但(dan)書法體勢嚴(yan)謹，結字、章法都十(shi)分質樸平實(shi)，用筆方圓兼備、端嚴(yan)凝重，雄壯而不失秀美，布(bu)局整飭中又見靈動，并達到(dao)了十(shi)分精(jing)美的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度，是西(xi)周前期金(jin)文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)代表作，加之器形巨大，造(zao)型端莊(zhuang)堂皇、渾厚雄偉，故作品更(geng)呈現出一種(zhong)磅礴(bo)氣(qi)勢和恢弘(hong)的(de)(de)(de)格局，從而為世(shi)人所(suo)矚目。

重要展覽

2021年9月，“禮和萬(wan)方--商周青銅鼎特(te)展(zhan)”。