芒果视频

解放戰爭時(shi)期，中國人民(min)解放軍(jun)晉冀(ji)魯豫野戰軍(jun)主力(li)南渡(du)黃河，出擊外線，在山東省西南部地區對(dui)國民(min)黨(dang)軍(jun)進(jin)行的進(jin)攻作戰。

歷史背景

1947年3月，國民(min)黨軍由對解放(fang)(fang)區的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)面進(jin)攻(gong)轉(zhuan)為對陜北(bei)和(he)(he)山東(dong)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點進(jin)攻(gong)，而在這(zhe)兩(liang)個戰(zhan)場之間的(de)(de)(de)晉(jin)冀魯(lu)豫戰(zhan)場上，兵(bing)(bing)力有所削弱，形成兩(liang)頭重(zhong)中間輕的(de)(de)(de)“啞鈴(ling)形”態勢，企(qi)圖(tu)利用黃河(he)(he)天險阻止人民(min)解放(fang)(fang)軍南進(jin)。到6月間，從山東(dong)省東(dong)阿至(zhi)河(he)(he)南省開封250千米的(de)(de)(de)黃河(he)(he)防線(xian)(xian)(xian)上，僅有第(di)(di)(di)4“綏靖”區司(si)(si)令(ling)官劉(liu)汝明部(bu)(bu)(bu)整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)第(di)(di)(di)55、第(di)(di)(di)68師和(he)(he)地(di)(di)方保安團隊擔(dan)任防守。整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)第(di)(di)(di)55師師部(bu)(bu)(bu)率第(di)(di)(di)29旅(lv)位于鄆城(cheng)、皇姑庵地(di)(di)區，其第(di)(di)(di)74、第(di)(di)(di)181旅(lv)分(fen)別(bie)位于蕭皮口(kou)、鄄(juan)城(cheng)地(di)(di)區；整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)第(di)(di)(di)68師師部(bu)(bu)(bu)位于菏澤，其第(di)(di)(di)81、第(di)(di)(di)143、第(di)(di)(di)119旅(lv)分(fen)別(bie)位于東(dong)明、杜(du)集(ji)、畢寨地(di)(di)區。另(ling)有整(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)第(di)(di)(di)70師（2個旅(lv)）位于嘉祥地(di)(di)區機動。晉(jin)冀魯(lu)豫野戰(zhan)軍司(si)(si)令(ling)員(yuan)(yuan)劉(liu)伯承、政治委員(yuan)(yuan)鄧(deng)小平在5月下旬結束(shu)豫北(bei)攻(gong)勢后，即(ji)根(gen)據中共(gong)中央關于向中原出(chu)動、轉(zhuan)入(ru)外線(xian)(xian)(xian)作(zuo)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)既(ji)定(ding)方針，組(zu)織(zhi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊休整(zheng)(zheng)，做好外線(xian)(xian)(xian)作(zuo)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)各項(xiang)準(zhun)備工(gong)作(zuo)：進(jin)行政治動員(yuan)(yuan)，調(diao)整(zheng)(zheng)組(zu)織(zhi)，補充兵(bing)(bing)員(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)武器糧彈；頒(ban)發《敵前(qian)渡(du)河(he)(he)戰(zhan)術指導(dao)》，進(jin)行戰(zhan)前(qian)訓練；成立渡(du)河(he)(he)指揮部(bu)(bu)(bu)，對預定(ding)渡(du)河(he)(he)地(di)(di)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)形、敵情、水情作(zuo)詳細偵察；修造(zao)船只120余艘，訓練水手、船工(gong)；組(zu)織(zhi)民(min)兵(bing)(bing)、民(min)工(gong)5萬(wan)余人支援前(qian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)等。

6月，中(zhong)共中(zhong)央軍(jun)(jun)(jun)委指示晉(jin)冀魯(lu)(lu)(lu)豫(yu)(yu)野戰(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)主(zhu)(zhu)力于(yu)月底強渡(du)(du)(du)黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)，先(xian)在(zai)魯(lu)(lu)(lu)西南地區(qu)求殲敵(di)(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)，爾后向(xiang)(xiang)大別(bie)山(shan)進(jin)擊，在(zai)鄂豫(yu)(yu)皖邊界地區(qu)實(shi)施戰(zhan)略展開。劉伯承、鄧小平根據這一(yi)(yi)指示和(he)國民黨軍(jun)(jun)(jun)設防情況，決心集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)4個縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)又(you)2個獨立旅(lv)，從山(shan)東(dong)省陽谷以(yi)東(dong)張(zhang)秋鎮至(zhi)菏澤(ze)以(yi)北臨濮集(ji)(ji)150千米(mi)的8個地段上(shang)突破黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)防線，首先(xian)發(fa)起魯(lu)(lu)(lu)西南戰(zhan)役(yi)，殲滅劉汝(ru)明集(ji)(ji)團，并在(zai)運動中(zhong)殲滅來(lai)援之(zhi)敵(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)，然后向(xiang)(xiang)大別(bie)山(shan)挺(ting)進(jin)。其部(bu)(bu)署是：冀魯(lu)(lu)(lu)豫(yu)(yu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)區(qu)獨立第(di)(di)(di)1旅(lv)于(yu)6月27日先(xian)行(xing)秘(mi)密渡(du)(du)(du)河(he)(he)(he)，在(zai)戴廟、蔡家莊地區(qu)接應第(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)渡(du)(du)(du)河(he)(he)(he)，并配合第(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)行(xing)動；原在(zai)黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)南岸的獨立第(di)(di)(di)2旅(lv)在(zai)舊城集(ji)(ji)、臨濮集(ji)(ji)地區(qu)接應第(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)渡(du)(du)(du)河(he)(he)(he)，并配合其作戰(zhan)；第(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)于(yu)魏家山(shan)、張(zhang)堂(tang)等渡(du)(du)(du)口(kou)(kou)渡(du)(du)(du)河(he)(he)(he)，在(zai)獨立第(di)(di)(di)1旅(lv)協同下，圍殲鄆(yun)城及其以(yi)北守(shou)(shou)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)；第(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)于(yu)孫(sun)口(kou)(kou)、林樓(lou)等渡(du)(du)(du)口(kou)(kou)渡(du)(du)(du)河(he)(he)(he)，以(yi)1個旅(lv)圍殲皇(huang)姑庵守(shou)(shou)敵(di)(di)，主(zhu)(zhu)力插至(zhi)鄆(yun)城以(yi)西協同第(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)作戰(zhan)；第(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)于(yu)李(li)橋(qiao)、于(yu)莊等渡(du)(du)(du)口(kou)(kou)渡(du)(du)(du)河(he)(he)(he)，圍殲鄄城及其西北地區(qu)守(shou)(shou)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)；第(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)為戰(zhan)役(yi)預備隊(dui)(dui)，進(jin)至(zhi)白衣閣附(fu)近，視(shi)情況隨(sui)第(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)或第(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)隊(dui)(dui)渡(du)(du)(du)河(he)(he)(he)，擴大戰(zhan)果(guo)。在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)力渡(du)(du)(du)河(he)(he)(he)的前一(yi)(yi)天，以(yi)太行(xing)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)區(qu)、冀南軍(jun)(jun)(jun)區(qu)、冀魯(lu)(lu)(lu)豫(yu)(yu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)區(qu)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)各一(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)和(he)豫(yu)(yu)皖蘇軍(jun)(jun)(jun)區(qu)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)(dui)在(zai)黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)兩岸分別(bie)向(xiang)(xiang)當面之(zhi)敵(di)(di)發(fa)起攻(gong)擊，迷惑和(he)牽(qian)制(zhi)敵(di)(di)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)。

戰爭過程

1947年6月30日夜，晉冀魯豫(yu)(yu)野戰(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)共(gong)13個(ge)(ge)(ge)旅(lv)12萬余(yu)人，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)突然(ran)勇(yong)猛的(de)動(dong)作，一舉(ju)突破(po)國民(min)黨軍(jun)(jun)的(de)黃(huang)河(he)防(fang)線，殲(jian)敵一部(bu)。劉(liu)汝明(ming)急令(ling)(ling)整編第(di)(di)(di)55師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)74、第(di)(di)(di)29旅(lv)退集鄆(yun)城(cheng)，整編第(di)(di)(di)68師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)力和(he)整編第(di)(di)(di)55師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)181旅(lv)退守(shou)(shou)菏(he)澤。第(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)4個(ge)(ge)(ge)旅(lv)在獨立第(di)(di)(di)1旅(lv)配(pei)合下(xia)，當(dang)即(ji)包圍(wei)鄆(yun)城(cheng)，并于7月2日攻(gong)占該城(cheng)四(si)關。其余(yu)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)進(jin)至鄄城(cheng)、皇姑(gu)庵(an)地(di)(di)區，待機(ji)打援。對晉冀魯豫(yu)(yu)野戰(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)主(zhu)力渡(du)過黃(huang)河(he)，國民(min)黨軍(jun)(jun)陸軍(jun)(jun)總司令(ling)(ling)兼徐州(zhou)司令(ling)(ling)部(bu)司令(ling)(ling)顧祝(zhu)同(tong)甚為震驚，慌(huang)忙從豫(yu)(yu)北、豫(yu)(yu)皖蘇邊界地(di)(di)區抽調3個(ge)(ge)(ge)整編師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)又1個(ge)(ge)(ge)旅(lv)，連同(tong)整編第(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)第(di)(di)(di)2兵團(tuan)增援魯西(xi)南。該兵團(tuan)司令(ling)(ling)官王敬久以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)153旅(lv)進(jin)至定陶，與退守(shou)(shou)菏(he)澤的(de)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)路(lu)；以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)方(fang)團(tuan)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)防(fang)守(shou)(shou)曹(cao)縣城(cheng)；以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)整編第(di)(di)(di)32、第(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)旅(lv)經金(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)北上，會同(tong)整編第(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)路(lu)；將整編第(di)(di)(di)58師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)整編第(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)(di)(di)199旅(lv)配(pei)置在金(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)作為后應。企(qi)圖以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)整編第(di)(di)(di)55師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)堅守(shou)(shou)鄆(yun)城(cheng)，吸(xi)引(yin)晉冀魯豫(yu)(yu)野戰(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)主(zhu)力于城(cheng)下(xia)，然(ran)后以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)東(dong)西(xi)兩路(lu)援軍(jun)(jun)向北鉗擊其側后，迫其背水作戰(zhan)。劉(liu)伯承(cheng)、鄧小平識破(po)了這一企(qi)圖，立即(ji)采取(qu)攻(gong)其一點（鄆(yun)城(cheng)）、吸(xi)其來援（金(jin)鄉(xiang)(xiang)）、啃其一邊（定陶）、各(ge)個(ge)(ge)(ge)擊破(po)的(de)方(fang)針，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)等部(bu)攻(gong)取(qu)鄆(yun)城(cheng)；以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)2、第(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)迅速(su)從東(dong)西(xi)兩路(lu)援敵之間(jian)向南，攻(gong)占定陶、曹(cao)縣；以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)進(jin)到定陶以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)東(dong)待機(ji)。7月8日晨(chen)，第(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)攻(gong)克鄆(yun)城(cheng)，全(quan)殲(jian)整編第(di)(di)(di)55師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)師(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)及(ji)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)旅(lv)。10日夜，第(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)攻(gong)占定陶，全(quan)殲(jian)第(di)(di)(di)153旅(lv)；第(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)收(shou)復曹(cao)縣城(cheng)；第(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)到達定陶以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)東(dong)地(di)(di)區。

7月10日，國民黨援軍東(dong)路(lu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)（1個(ge)半旅）、整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)32師(shi)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)主力，分別(bie)進至六(liu)(liu)營(ying)集(ji)(ji)、獨山集(ji)(ji)、羊(yang)山集(ji)(ji)地(di)區，由北(bei)向(xiang)南(nan)(nan)擺成一字長蛇陣。晉冀魯豫野戰軍當(dang)即調整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)部署(shu)，轉兵東(dong)進。13日拂(fu)曉(xiao)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)將位(wei)于六(liu)(liu)營(ying)集(ji)(ji)的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)、獨山集(ji)(ji)的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)32師(shi)隔開，并切斷其(qi)與(yu)(yu)羊(yang)山集(ji)(ji)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)的(de)聯(lian)系。當(dang)日中午，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)2縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)在(zai)(zai)謝集(ji)(ji)殲國民黨軍1個(ge)團，隨即向(xiang)東(dong)協(xie)同第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)包(bao)(bao)圍(wei)(wei)羊(yang)山集(ji)(ji)。王敬久(jiu)發(fa)覺所(suo)部被(bei)分割后舉棋不定，先令北(bei)邊(bian)的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)和南(nan)(nan)邊(bian)的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)向(xiang)中間(jian)的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)32師(shi)靠攏；復(fu)令整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)32師(shi)向(xiang)北(bei)接(jie)應整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)，再向(xiang)南(nan)(nan)靠攏整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)66師(shi)。整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)32師(shi)在(zai)(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)追擊下，師(shi)部率1個(ge)旅逃入六(liu)(liu)營(ying)集(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)會合，其(qi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)139旅則被(bei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)和第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)一部追殲于逃往嘉祥的(de)途中，防守嘉祥城的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)一部也被(bei)迫向(xiang)濟寧撤(che)逃。與(yu)(yu)此同時，第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)主力緊縮(suo)對六(liu)(liu)營(ying)集(ji)(ji)的(de)包(bao)(bao)圍(wei)(wei)圈。劉伯承、鄧小平考(kao)慮，六(liu)(liu)營(ying)集(ji)(ji)為僅有200戶人家的(de)村(cun)莊，糧食飲水奇缺，敵軍2個(ge)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)師(shi)師(shi)部和2個(ge)半旅擠在(zai)(zai)這一狹小地(di)區內(nei)，若對其(qi)四面圍(wei)(wei)攻(gong)，敵必作(zuo)“困(kun)獸之斗(dou)”。因此采取(qu)“圍(wei)(wei)三闕(que)一”部署(shu)，以(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)在(zai)(zai)六(liu)(liu)營(ying)集(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)東(dong)布成袋(dai)形陣地(di)，以(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)于14日20時由西向(xiang)東(dong)對六(liu)(liu)營(ying)集(ji)(ji)發(fa)起猛(meng)攻(gong)。整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)編(bian)(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)32、第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)70師(shi)向(xiang)東(dong)突圍(wei)(wei)，被(bei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)1縱(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)隊(dui)(dui)全殲。

7月(yue)15日(ri)，第(di)(di)(di)(di)2、第(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱(zong)隊對羊(yang)山集(ji)發起(qi)攻(gong)擊，但因該處(chu)守軍(jun)以羊(yang)山作(zuo)依托(tuo)，南側地(di)形低洼、積(ji)水較多，雖(sui)經兩天激戰(zhan)，進展不大。此時(shi)，蔣(jiang)介(jie)石得知整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)32師等部(bu)連續被(bei)殲和羊(yang)山集(ji)整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)66師告急等情況，于(yu)19日(ri)飛抵開(kai)封坐鎮(zhen)指揮，從西安、洛陽、豫北、山東、漢口等地(di)抽調7個(ge)整(zheng)編師又2個(ge)旅(lv)(lv)向魯西南馳援(yuan)。20日(ri)又令王敬久(jiu)率整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)58師和第(di)(di)(di)(di)199旅(lv)(lv)，在飛機、坦克掩(yan)護下(xia)由金鄉北上，以解(jie)羊(yang)山集(ji)之圍。劉伯承(cheng)、鄧(deng)小平(ping)為爭取先機之利，以獨立第(di)(di)(di)(di)1、第(di)(di)(di)(di)2旅(lv)(lv)進至萬福河阻援(yuan)，將第(di)(di)(di)(di)199旅(lv)(lv)和由羊(yang)山集(ji)出來接應的1個(ge)團全(quan)殲。接著，集(ji)中第(di)(di)(di)(di)2、第(di)(di)(di)(di)3、第(di)(di)(di)(di)6縱(zong)隊于(yu)27日(ri)對羊(yang)山集(ji)發起(qi)總攻(gong)，戰(zhan)至28日(ri)晚，全(quan)殲整(zheng)編第(di)(di)(di)(di)66師師部(bu)及2個(ge)旅(lv)(lv)。

歷史影響

魯(lu)(lu)西南(nan)戰(zhan)役，晉冀魯(lu)(lu)豫(yu)野戰(zhan)軍(jun)采取(qu)南(nan)北牽制，寬正面、多地段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)突然強渡黃河(he)，積極創(chuang)造(zao)與捕捉(zhuo)戰(zhan)機，調(diao)動敵(di)軍(jun)就范，把(ba)攻城與野戰(zhan)、分(fen)割與圍殲相(xiang)結合，創(chuang)造(zao)了(le)以15個旅(lv)的(de)(de)(de)兵力殲敵(di)4個整(zheng)編師共(gong)9個半旅(lv)約6萬人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)績(ji)，從而打亂了(le)國(guo)民黨軍(jun)在南(nan)部戰(zhan)線的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)略部署，開(kai)辟了(le)進軍(jun)大別山的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)路，揭開(kai)了(le)人(ren)民解放(fang)軍(jun)戰(zhan)略進攻的(de)(de)(de)序幕。